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Mitrophyllum ( German )

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Mitrophyllum ist eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Mittagsblumengewächse (Aizoaceae). Der botanische Name der Gattung leitet sich von den griechischen Worten „mitra“ für Bischofsmütze und „phyllos“ für Blatt ab.

Beschreibung

Die Arten der Gattung Mitrophyllum wachsen strauchig und erreichen Wuchshöhen von bis zu 60 Zentimetern. Die Blattpaare sind auf zwei Dritteln bis vier Fünfteln miteinander verwachsen. Ein Blattpaar ist meist nur wenig miteinander verwachsen, wobei der freie Teil zungenförmig bis dreieckig ist.

Die Tragblätter der Blüte unterscheiden sich von den übrigen Laubblättern. Ihre Kronblätter sind gelb, weiß, weiß bis pinkfarben oder purpurfarben. Das Nektarium ist ringförmig und umgibt 5 pfriemliche Stempel.

Die meist 5-fächrigen Kapselfrüchte enthalten dreieckige bis birnenförmige Samen. Fächerdecke und Verschlusskörper können vorhanden sein.

Systematik und Verbreitung

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Gattung Mitrophyllum liegt im Norden des Namaqualandes in der südafrikanischen Provinz Nordkap. Die Pflanzen wachsen auf quarzbedeckten Hängen, häufig auch in Felsspalten.

Die Erstbeschreibung wurde 1926 von Gustav Schwantes veröffentlicht.[1] Der Holotypus ist Mitrophyllum mitratum. Nach Heidrun Hartmann (2017) umfasst die Gattung Mitrophyllum folgende Arten:[2]

Nachweise

Literatur

  • Heidrun E. K. Hartmann (Hrsg.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41723-0, S. 172.
  • Gideon Smith u. a. (Hrsg.): Mesembs of the World: Illustrated Guide to a Remarkable Succulent Group. Briza Publications, 1998, ISBN 1-875093-13-3, S. 240–241.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Gustav Schwantes: Zur Systematik der Mesembrianthemen. In: Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde. Band 2, S. 181, Berlin 1926.
  2. Heidrun E. K. Hartmann (Hrsg.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae. 2. Auflage. Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-49260-4, S. 869–878, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49260-4_89.

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Hans-Helmut Poppendieck: Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Taxonomie der Gattung Mitrophyllum Schwantes s.lat. In: Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik. Band 97, S. 339–413

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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Mitrophyllum ist eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Mittagsblumengewächse (Aizoaceae). Der botanische Name der Gattung leitet sich von den griechischen Worten „mitra“ für Bischofsmütze und „phyllos“ für Blatt ab.

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Mitrophyllum

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Mitrophyllum is a genus of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the arid region around the Richtersveld, on the border of South Africa and Namibia.

Description

Mitrophyllum mitratum showing the papery sheath in which the new pairs of leaves are held before rains.
Mitrophyllum clivorum.
Mitrophyllum grande.

The species generally grow stems, at the top of which two succulent leaves appear. Similar to the closely related genera of Monilaria and Meyerophytum, these leaf-pairs alternate consecutively between two different types of leaf-growth (heterophylly) and during the exceptionally hot summer they remain inactive in a dry sheath. When fused together into a cone-shaped corpuscle, this leaf pair is referred to as the plant's "mitre", and this is the origin of the genus name. The two separate leaves of the free leaf-pair are rounded-triangular to tongue-shaped. The fused leaf-pair forms a cone-shaped to cylindrical corpuscle, which bears two smaller ear-like anthers at the top. This fused corpuscle dries out in the plant's dormancy period, eventually becoming a papery sheath in which the new (separate) leaf-pair forms.

Cultivation

In cultivation, the plants are not difficult to grow. However they require deep well-drained sandy soil and sufficient sun exposure. They are also adapted to very dry summers and watering mainly over the winter. Their period of growth is primarily over late autumn and winter.

They are slow growing, maturing over many decades, and are difficult to propagate by cuttings; consequently seed is the preferred means of propagation.[1]

Species[2]

  • Mitrophyllum abbreviatum, a slender, low and densely-branched shrub, up to 40 cm tall. Free leaves 10–30 × 5–8 mm. Fused leaf-pair forming oval-rounded corpuscle that is wider than stem. Occurs in quartz rock crevices in the Augrabies area.[3]
  • Mitrophyllum clivorum, a slender-stemmed shrub, up to 60 cm tall. Free leaves 10–50 × 8–20 mm. Fused leaf-pair forming corpuscle that is roughly as wide as the stem (1–4 cm long and c.1 cm wide). Yellow-white flowers appear in May–June. Grows in sheltered places near the Namibian-South African border.
  • Mitrophyllum dissitum, a slender, multi-branched shrub, 40–60 cm tall. Free leaves 10–50 × 8–15 mm. Fused leaf pair forms connate corpuscle 10–40 mm long and 5–15 mm wide. Yellow-white and pinkish flowers. The fruit stalk of this species is uniquely dark brown and corky at its base. Occurs on steep, rocky, south-facing slopes.[4]
  • Mitrophyllum grande, a low, compact, un-branched perennial, up to 20 cm tall, with short-shoots only from which erect long-shoots develop. The internodes between the leaf-pairs are over a centimeter in diameter. Free leaf-pairs are 6–12 cm x 2–3 cm, and the very large, oval "mitres" (paired leaves) are 2–10 cm x 1.5-3.5 cm. Yellow-white (occasionally pinkish) flowers appear in May to July. The fruits are partially covered in membranes, and born on straight, erect stalks. This species occurs on south-facing slopes among quartz stones near the Namibian border.[5]
  • Mitrophyllum mitratum, a slowly-branching, compact, caudiciform shrub, up to 60 cm in height. Free leaves are 4–10 cm x c.2 cm. Fused leaf-pair forms large cylindrical cone, 3.5–10 cm x 1.5-3.5 cm. Yellow-white (occasionally pinkish) flowers break out of the fused leaf-cone from February to March. The fruita only sometimes have a very narrow membrane covering them, and are born on straight, erect stalks. It occurs on south-facing slopes, among quartz rocks in the northern Namaqualand near the Namibian border.[6]
  • Mitrophyllum roseum, a low succulent shrub up to 15 cm tall and often drooping. Distinguished by its magenta flowers, and its exposed fruits that are born on bent stalks. It grows on foggy, west-facing slopes near Komaggas.

References

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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary

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Mitrophyllum is a genus of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the arid region around the Richtersveld, on the border of South Africa and Namibia.

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Mitrophyllum ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Mitrophyllum es un género con 26 especies de plantas suculentas perteneciente a la familia Aizoaceae.[1][2]

Taxonomía

El género fue descrita por Martin Heinrich Gustav Schwantes, y publicado en Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde. Berlin 2: 181. 1926.[3]​ La especie tipo es: Mitrophyllum mitratum (Marloth) Schwantes

Especies

Referencias

  1. Mitrophyllum en PlantList
  2. «Mitrophyllum». Conservatorio y Jardín Botánico de Ginebra: Flora africana. Consultado el 25 de julio de 2011.
  3. «Mitrophyllum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 2 de julio de 2013.

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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Mitrophyllum es un género con 26 especies de plantas suculentas perteneciente a la familia Aizoaceae.​​

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Mitrophyllum ( French )

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Mitrophyllum Schwantes est un genre de plante de la famille des Aizoaceae.

Mitrophyllum Schwantes, in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 181 (1926)

Type : Mitrophyllum mitratum (Marloth) Schwantes (Mesembryanthemum mitratum Marloth) ; Lectotypus [Schwantes, in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 105 (1927)]

Liste des sous-genres

  • Mitrophyllum subgen. Mitrophyllum
  • Mitrophyllum subgen. Kurkamium Poppend.

Liste des espèces

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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary ( French )

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Mitrophyllum Schwantes est un genre de plante de la famille des Aizoaceae.

Mitrophyllum Schwantes, in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 181 (1926)

Type : Mitrophyllum mitratum (Marloth) Schwantes (Mesembryanthemum mitratum Marloth) ; Lectotypus [Schwantes, in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 105 (1927)]

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Mitrophyllum ( Portuguese )

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Mitrophyllum é um género botânico pertencente à família Aizoaceae[1].

  1. «Mitrophyllum — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020
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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Mitrophyllum é um género botânico pertencente à família Aizoaceae.

«Mitrophyllum — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020  title=
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Mitrophyllum ( Vietnamese )

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Mitrophyllum là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Aizoaceae.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Mitrophyllum. The Plant List. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


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Mitrophyllum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Mitrophyllum là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Aizoaceae.

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