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Petunia

Petunia atkinsiana D. Don ex Loud.

Havepetunia ( Danish )

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Havepetunia (Petunia x hybrida), også skrevet Have-Petunia, er en krydsning mellem arterne hvid petunia (Petunia axillaris) og violet petunia (Petunia integrifolia). Det er enårige, urteagtige planter med en opstigende til krybende vækst. Både stængler og blade er tæt besat med kirtelhår.

Beskrivelse

Stænglerne er forgrenede og runde i tværsnit. Bladene sidder modsat eller svagt spredstillet, og de er hele, ægformede og helrandede. Oversiden er græsgrøn, mens undersiden er lysegrøn.

Blomstringen foregår gennem hele sæsonen, dvs. fra juni til sidst i oktober. Blomsterne er samlet i løse, endestillede stande, og de enkelte blomster er 5-tallige og regelmæssige med sammenvoksede kronrør og frie kronflige. Kronbladene er kraftigt farvede i hvide, lyserøde, højrøde, vinrøde, violette eller blå farver – alt efter sort. Frugterne er kapsler med mange frø.

Rodsystemet er trævlet og forholdsvis svagt.

Højde x bredde og årlig tilvækst: 0,50 x 0,50 m (50 x 50 cm/år).

Hjemsted

I og med at denne plante er en krydsning, har den intet hjemsted. Den ene af forældrearterne, hvid petunia, hører hjemme i det sydlige Brasilien, Bolivia, Uruguay og det nordlige Argentina, mens den anden , violet petunia, stammer fra det sydlige Brasilien, Paraguay, Uruguay og det nordlige Argentina. Begge arter foretrækker solåbne voksesteder med en fugtig, næringsrig jord, så man kan forvente, at krydsningen har de samme krav til miljøforholdene.

Anvendelse

Havepetunia findes i et utal af sorter, som alle bruges til udplantning i bede, kummer, krukker og altankasser. De kræver fuld sol, jævnlig vanding og god gødningstilstand, men er ellers meget lette at passe. De småblomstrede sorter ("milliflora") er de mest hårdføre under danske forhold.




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Havepetunia: Brief Summary ( Danish )

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Havepetunia (Petunia x hybrida), også skrevet Have-Petunia, er en krydsning mellem arterne hvid petunia (Petunia axillaris) og violet petunia (Petunia integrifolia). Det er enårige, urteagtige planter med en opstigende til krybende vækst. Både stængler og blade er tæt besat med kirtelhår.

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Garten-Petunie ( German )

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Die Garten-Petunie (Petunia × hybrida) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Petunien (Petunia). Sie entstand im 19. Jahrhundert in England als Hybride aus den beiden Arten Petunia axillaris und Petunia integrifolia.

Beschreibung

Die Garten-Petunie ist eine einjährige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von 20 bis 70 Zentimeter erreicht. Die Blätter sind eiförmig bis elliptisch und weisen klebrige Drüsenhaare auf. Die Blattstiele sind 2 bis 6 Zentimeter lang. Die unteren Blattstiele sind oft geflügelt. Der Kronsaum ist unterschiedlich gefärbt. Die Krone hat einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 12 Zentimeter und ist mehr oder weniger strahlig. Die Kronzipfel sind stumpf bis spitz.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 14.[1]

Nutzung

Die Garten-Petunie wird verbreitet als Zierpflanze für Rabatten, Kübel, Balkonkästen und Pflanzschalen genutzt. Sie ist die am häufigsten in Kultur zu findende Petunie. Bereits im 19. Jahrhundert wurde sie, auch in Deutschland, intensiv züchterisch bearbeitet. Heute sind zahlreiche Sorten bekannt. Die Garten-Petunie ist in Europa eine der wichtigsten Zierpflanzen. Die Sorte „Lena Amarena“ wurde zur bayerischen Balkonpflanze des Jahres 2010 gekürt.[2]

Literatur

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Hrsg.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 5: Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Unter Mitarbeit von Angelika Schwabe und Theo Müller. 8., stark überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5, S. 824.
  2. Balkonblume des Jahres wird in Furth getauft. Die Petunie soll "Lena Amarena" heißen, Taufpatin ist am Montag Sozialministerin Emilia Müller. (online).
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Garten-Petunie: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Garten-Petunie (Petunia × hybrida) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Petunien (Petunia). Sie entstand im 19. Jahrhundert in England als Hybride aus den beiden Arten Petunia axillaris und Petunia integrifolia.

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Petunia × atkinsiana

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Petunia × atkinsiana (synonym: Petunia × hybrida) is a Petunia plant "nothospecies" (hybrid), which encompasses all hybrid species of petunia between P. axillaris and P. integrifolia.[1] Most of the petunias sold for cultivation in home gardens are this type and belong to this nothospecies.[2]

Characteristics

Floral arrangement of petunias in Columbus, Ohio

Petunia × atkinsiana plants were originally produced by hybridisation between P. axillaris (the large white or night-scented petunia) and P. integrifolia (the violet-flowered petunia) and other members of its complex, including Petunia inflata.[3] P. axillaris bears night-fragrant, buff-white blossoms with long, thin tubes and somewhat flattened openings. The scent molecules emitted by the hybrids are generally similar to those from P. axillaris.[4]

Cultivation

Petunia seeds germinate in 5 to 15 days. Petunias can tolerate relatively harsh conditions and hot climates. They need at least five hours of sunlight every day. They grow well in low humidity, moist soil. Young plants can be grown from seeds. Petunias should be watered once every two to five days. In drier regions, the plants should be watered daily.[5] Dead corollas and seed-capsules should be removed to encourage further branching and flowering. Maximum growth occurs in late spring. The application of fertilizers once a month will help to promote quick growth. Petunias may readily be cultivated in tubs, window boxes, hanging baskets and other containers.

Categories

Grandiflora

This type of petunia has the largest flowers, up to 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter. Of all the petunias these have the widest variety of forms and colours but are the most likely to be damaged by heavy rain. There are four types of grandiflora and they are classified by their colours: ‘Daddy Series’ (shades of pink and purple), ‘Merlin Blue Morn’ (blue and white), ‘Supercascade Series’ (many colours) and ‘Ultra Series’ (many colours, including bi-colour).[6]

Hedgiflora (spreading)

Hedgifloras or spreading petunias (sometimes called ground-cover)[5] are characterised by their low height (usually about six inches), but they have a large spread (about three to four feet). They will cover a large area, provided they have adequate water and fertilization. ‘Purple Wave’ was the first introduced cultivar of spreading petunia and grows to a height of 4 inches (100 mm). ‘Tidal Wave’ is another spreading type of petunia, but is much taller (between sixteen and twenty-two inches). 'Surfinia' petunias are another type of spreading petunia propagated by cuttings. ‘Opera Supreme’ is a cultivar with large flowers.[7]

Multiflora

Multifloras are half the size of grandifloras, being 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. They are not easily damaged in heavy rain and are more sun-tolerant. Multiflora petunia cultivars include: 'Carpet Series "(many colours) and 'Madness Series' (many colours). They spread quickly and are ideal for baskets.[6]

Milliflora

Millifloras are the smallest of the petunias, being about 1-inch (25 mm) across. These are commonly mixed with other plants in containers, along garden beds and edges. Millifloras are available in 'Fantasy Series' (red, purple, pink) and are the easiest to find. 'Supertunia Mini Series' (blue, pink, lilac, purple and white) are also available in the milliflora category. They tolerate harsh weather better when compared with grandifloras and multifloras.[6]

A common descriptor is Picotee, meaning that the edge of the flower is a different colour to the base, as in ‘Fortunia Pink Picotee’.

AGM cultivars

The following cultivars have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

  • 'Storm Lavender' [8]
  • 'Storm Pink' [9]
  • 'Storm Salmon' [10]

Petunia cultivars showing different colours

References

  1. ^ a b "Petunia ×atkinsiana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  2. ^ "Petunia (group)". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  3. ^ Bombarely, Aureliano; et al. (2016). "Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida". Nature Plants. 2 (6): 16074. doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.74. PMID 27255838. S2CID 3447252.
  4. ^ Koeduka, T.; Orlova, I.; Baiga, T. J.; Noel, J. P.; Dudareva, N.; Pichersky, E. (2009). "The lack of floral synthesis and emission of isoeugenol in Petunia axillaris subsp. parodiiis due to a mutation in the isoeugenol synthasegene". The Plant Journal. 58 (6): 961–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03834.x. PMC 2860387. PMID 19222805.
  5. ^ a b Brown, Deborah. “Growing Petunias” University of Minnesota Extension Office. University of Minnesota. 2009. Web. 25 June 2009. http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1120.html Archived 2013-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b c Engebreston, Don., Williamson, Don. Annuals for Minnesota and Wisconsin. Lone Pine Publishing. 2004. Print.
  7. ^ Russ, Karen. “Petunia”. Clemson Extension. Clemson University. September, 2007. Web. July 1, 2009<http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/plants/landscape/flowers/hgic1171.html>
  8. ^ "Petunia × atkinsiana 'Storm Lavender'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Petunia × atkinsiana 'Storm Pink'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Petunia × atkinsiana 'Storm Salmon'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  11. ^ "PlantFiles: The Largest Plant Identification Reference Guide - Dave's Garden".

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Petunia × atkinsiana: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Petunia × atkinsiana (synonym: Petunia × hybrida) is a Petunia plant "nothospecies" (hybrid), which encompasses all hybrid species of petunia between P. axillaris and P. integrifolia. Most of the petunias sold for cultivation in home gardens are this type and belong to this nothospecies.

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Petunia × hybrida ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Petunia × hybrida ("petunia") es el nombre científico con el que se designa a todos los híbridos habitualmente cultivadas que derivan de los cruzamientos entre Petunia integrifolia de Brasil y de Petunia axillaris de Argentina. Se trata de plantas perennes, cultivadas como anuales, de no más de 30 a 50 cm de altura. Presenta flores de diversos colores, tamaños, ondulaciones y texturas de los pétalos.[1][2]

 src=
"Petunia Lavender Wave"

Referencias

  1. Sullivan, T. D. 1947 Somatic chromosomes of pedigreed hybrid Petunia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 74: 453-475.
  2. Plantas y jardines. Petunia hybrida. Consultado 4 de diciembre de 2009.

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Petunia × hybrida: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Petunia × hybrida ("petunia") es el nombre científico con el que se designa a todos los híbridos habitualmente cultivadas que derivan de los cruzamientos entre Petunia integrifolia de Brasil y de Petunia axillaris de Argentina. Se trata de plantas perennes, cultivadas como anuales, de no más de 30 a 50 cm de altura. Presenta flores de diversos colores, tamaños, ondulaciones y texturas de los pétalos.​​

 src= "Petunia Lavender Wave"
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Petunia hybrida ( French )

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Petunia ×hybrida est une espèce de plantes herbacées ornementales de la famille des Solanaceae et originaire des régions tropicales d'Amérique du Sud.

Notes et références

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Petunia hybrida: Brief Summary ( French )

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Petunia ×hybrida est une espèce de plantes herbacées ornementales de la famille des Solanaceae et originaire des régions tropicales d'Amérique du Sud.

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Hybridna petunija ( Upper Sorbian )

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Hybridna petunija (Petunia × hybrida) je družina ze swójby wrónidłowych rostlinow (Solanaceae). Družina je hybrida z běłeje Petunia axillaris a róžojteje hač wioletneje Petunia integrifolia.

Wopis

Hybridna petunija je relatiwnje spěšnje rosćaca rostlina, kotraž njeje přećiwo mrózej kruta. Eksistuja někotre rosćenske formy, a to kerčinata, horje rosćaca a wisaca. Barba a forma kćenjow wariěrujetej.

Stejnišćo

Ma radšo přesakliwe, płódne pódy na słónčnych stejnišćach.

Wužiwanje

Rostlina so jako hrjadkowu a kwětkowcowu rostlinu plahuje.

Nóžki

  1. Pawoł Völkel: Prawopisny słownik hornjoserbskeje rěče. Hornjoserbsko-němski słownik. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin 2005, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, str. 328.
  2. W internetowym słowniku: Petunie

Žórła

  • Botanica, Einjährige und mehrjährige Pflanzen, Über 2000 Pflanzenporträts, ISBN 978-3-8331-4469-1, strony 659-663 (němsce)
  • Ullstein Lexikon der Pflanzenwelt, 1973, ISBN 3-550-16019-4, strona 335, pod hesłom Petunie (němsce)

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Hybridna petunija: Brief Summary ( Upper Sorbian )

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Hybridna petunija (Petunia × hybrida) je družina ze swójby wrónidłowych rostlinow (Solanaceae). Družina je hybrida z běłeje Petunia axillaris a róžojteje hač wioletneje Petunia integrifolia.

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Petunia × atkinsiana ( Italian )

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Petunia × atkinsiana D. Don ex W.H. Baxter è una pianta stagionale della famiglia delle Solanacee.[1]

Descrizione

Le foglie sono piccole e verdi, mentre i fiori sono colorati, con una bordatura o una stella bianca.

Galleria d'immagini

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Petunia × atkinsiana, su The Plant List. URL consultato il 2018.

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Petunia × atkinsiana: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Petunia × atkinsiana D. Don ex W.H. Baxter è una pianta stagionale della famiglia delle Solanacee.

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Darželinė petunija ( Lithuanian )

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Darželinė petunija (lot. Petunia x hybrida) – bulvinių (Solanaceae) šeimos petunijų genties augalas.

Augalas vienmetis, 50-100 cm aukščio. Kylantis arba šliaužiantis stiebas, apaugęs liaukiniais plaukeliais. Lapai kiaušiniški, auga pražangiai. Žiedai ilgakočiai, auga po vieną stiebo išlinkimuose ir viršutinių lapų pažastyse. Vainikėlis gana įvairaus dydžio ir spalvų. Vaisius – dėžutė su daugeliu sėklų. Žydi birželiorugsėjo mėn.

Išvesta daug įvairiaspalvių petunijos veislių. Tai nelepus, lengvai iš sėklų dauginamas dekoratyvinis augalas, auginamas gėlynuose, soduose, parkuose, kambariuose, balkonuose.

Vikiteka

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