Pond Water Crowfoot

Langør, Samsø, Danmark

Skals Å ved Sønder Onsild nær Hobro, Jylland, Danmark

Skals Å ved Sønder Onsild nær Hobro, Jylland, Danmark

Skals Å ved Sønder Onsild nær Hobro, Jylland, Danmark

Skals Å ved Sønder Onsild nær Hobro, Jylland, Danmark

Vandet Sø, Thy, Danmark

Vandet Sø, Thy, Danmark

Skals Å, Sønder Onsild, Jylland, Danmark

Langør, Stavns Fjord, Samsø, Danmark

Langør, Stavns Fjord, Samsø, Danmark

Ertholmene, Danmark

Ertholmene, Danmark

Ertholmene, Danmark

Nørre Onsild nær Hobro.

Foulum nær Viborg, Jylland, Danmark

Foulum nær Viborg, Jylland, Danmark

Foulum nær Viborg, Jylland, Danmark

Fjeldsted Gadekær syd for Mariager, Danmark

Skjern Å ved Sdr. Felding, Jylland, Danmark

Skellerup gadekær v Hobro

Vorgod Å ved Barde, Jylland, Danmark

Slo.: Petiverjeva vodna zlatica - syn.: Ranunculus petiveri Koch, Batrachium petiveri (Koch) Schultz - Habitat: Small pond in a shallow valley behind large pebble beach; about 100 m from sea shore; flat terrain, calcareous ground; mostly sunny; elevation 1 m (3 feet); average precipitations ~ 900-1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comment: We all know buttercups (Ranunculus) species from our meadows. The genus encompasses large number of species (400+). They mostly bloom yellow or white. Many of them love moist habitat and a few of them (about 20 worldwide Ref.:5) are true water plants living in fresh, standing or slowly flowing water (sub-genus Batrachium). These are very interesting and taxonomically difficult plants. Some taxa develop two types of leaves - laminate, on water surface floating and strongly dissected, generally submerged leaves, while others have lost this capacity and produce only one kind of leaf. Plants are very variable, have complex reproduction (sexual and vegetative), large plasticity to sometimes drastically changing environmental conditions (from floods to draughts) and well developed polyploidy. Intermediate forms among species and hybrids are common. Presence of different approaches to their taxonomy and differences in species descriptions are not a surprise. If the plants found grow in remaining moist mud of almost dried out ponds or in similar extreme conditions for them, they may change their morphology to such an extent that it becomes impossible to determine them to species level even for experts. During determination I was following the key in Rottensteiner (2014) (Ref.1), which describes subgenus Batrachium studied in Istria region (term 'Istria' in old geopolitical sense), which includes also North Adriatic islands (Kvarner archipelago). Although island Olib doesn't belong geographically to Kvarner archipelago, it is quite close to it (just 20 km southeast) and hence this reference seems most relevant. Existence of both floating and submerged leaves, deeply divided triternate, cordate at the base shape of floating leaves, not round nectary pits on their petals (as with Ranunculus aquaticus), relatively short segments of the third order of submerged leaves (compared to Ranunculus penicillatus) and flower stalks compared to floating leaves' petioles (compared to Ranunculus baudotii) speak in favor of Ranunculus peltatus. What encourages me regarding this decision is the fact that it has been found also on island Silba (Ref.6), which is only 2 km west of Olib. However, Ranunculus peltatus is missing from the list of vascular plant taxa (465 taxa on 26 km2 of island surface) published in 2016 (Ref.2, Appendix 1.), which is a result of the first comprehensive study of flora of the island.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten (2014), p 794.(2) M. Milovi, S. Kovai, N. Jasprica, V. Stamenkovi, Contribution to the study of Adriatic island flora: Vascular plant species diversity in the Croatian Island of Olib, Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici (2016), Vol.25 No.1; available at https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=236274 (3) http://canope.ac-besancon.fr/flore/Ranunculaceae/especes/ranunculus_baudotii.htm (accessed May 26. 2018)(4) http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54820-synthese (accessed May 26. 2018)(5) U. Jensen, J.W. Kadereit (eds), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae, Conference proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Wien (1995) https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-6612-3 (6) Flora Croatica Database (FCD), Department of Botany, Faculty of science, FER-ZPR, University of Zagreb (2004); http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd (accessed May 30. 2018)(7) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 144. (8) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(9) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 67.

Slo.: Petiverjeva vodna zlatica - syn.: Ranunculus petiveri Koch, Batrachium petiveri (Koch) Schultz - Habitat: Small pond in a shallow valley behind large pebble beach; about 100 m from sea shore; flat terrain, calcareous ground; mostly sunny; elevation 1 m (3 feet); average precipitations ~ 900-1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: We all know buttercups (Ranunculus) species from our meadows. The genus encompasses large number of species (400+). They mostly bloom yellow or white. Many of them love moist habitat and a few of them (about 20 worldwide Ref.:5) are true water plants living in fresh, standing or slowly flowing water (sub-genus Batrachium). These are very interesting and taxonomically difficult plants. Some taxa develop two types of leaves - laminate, on water surface floating and strongly dissected, generally submerged leaves, while others have lost this capacity and produce only one kind of leaf. Plants are very variable, have complex reproduction (sexual and vegetative), large plasticity to sometimes drastically changing environmental conditions (from floods to draughts) and well developed polyploidy. Intermediate forms among species and hybrids are common. Presence of different approaches to their taxonomy and differences in species descriptions are not a surprise. If the plants found grow in remaining moist mud of almost dried out ponds or in similar extreme conditions for them, they may change their morphology to such an extent that it becomes impossible to determine them to species level even for experts. During determination I was following the key in Rottensteiner (2014) (Ref.1), which describes subgenus Batrachium studied in Istria region (term 'Istria' in old geopolitical sense), which includes also North Adriatic islands (Kvarner archipelago). Although island Olib doesn't belong geographically to Kvarner archipelago, it is quite close to it (just 20 km southeast) and hence this reference seems most relevant. Existence of both floating and submerged leaves, deeply divided triternate, cordate at the base shape of floating leaves, not round nectary pits on their petals (as with Ranunculus aquaticus), relatively short segments of the third order of submerged leaves (compared to Ranunculus penicillatus) and flower stalks compared to floating leaves' petioles (compared to Ranunculus baudotii) speak in favor of Ranunculus peltatus. What encourages me regarding this decision is the fact that it has been found also on island Silba (Ref.6), which is only 2 km west of Olib. However, Ranunculus peltatus is missing from the list of vascular plant taxa (465 taxa on 26 km2 of island surface) published in 2016 (Ref.2, Appendix 1.), which is a result of the first comprehensive study of flora of the island. Ref.: (1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten (2014), p 794. (2) M. Milovi, S. Kovai, N. Jasprica, V. Stamenkovi, Contribution to the study of Adriatic island flora: Vascular plant species diversity in the Croatian Island of Olib, Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici (2016), Vol.25 No.1; available at https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=236274 (3) http://canope.ac-besancon.fr/flore/Ranunculaceae/especes/ranunculus_baudotii.htm (accessed May 26. 2018) (4) http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54820-synthese (accessed May 26. 2018) (5) U. Jensen, J.W. Kadereit (eds), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae, Conference proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Wien (1995) https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-6612-3 (6) Flora Croatica Database (FCD), Department of Botany, Faculty of science, FER-ZPR, University of Zagreb (2004); http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd (accessed May 30. 2018) (7) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 144. (8) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280. (9) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 67.

Slo.: Petiverjeva vodna zlatica - syn.: Ranunculus petiveri Koch, Batrachium petiveri (Koch) Schultz - Habitat: Small pond in a shallow valley behind large pebble beach; about 100 m from sea shore; flat terrain, calcareous ground; mostly sunny; elevation 1 m (3 feet); average precipitations ~ 900-1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: We all know buttercups (Ranunculus) species from our meadows. The genus encompasses large number of species (400+). They mostly bloom yellow or white. Many of them love moist habitat and a few of them (about 20 worldwide Ref.:5) are true water plants living in fresh, standing or slowly flowing water (sub-genus Batrachium). These are very interesting and taxonomically difficult plants. Some taxa develop two types of leaves - laminate, on water surface floating and strongly dissected, generally submerged leaves, while others have lost this capacity and produce only one kind of leaf. Plants are very variable, have complex reproduction (sexual and vegetative), large plasticity to sometimes drastically changing environmental conditions (from floods to draughts) and well developed polyploidy. Intermediate forms among species and hybrids are common. Presence of different approaches to their taxonomy and differences in species descriptions are not a surprise. If the plants found grow in remaining moist mud of almost dried out ponds or in similar extreme conditions for them, they may change their morphology to such an extent that it becomes impossible to determine them to species level even for experts. During determination I was following the key in Rottensteiner (2014) (Ref.1), which describes subgenus Batrachium studied in Istria region (term 'Istria' in old geopolitical sense), which includes also North Adriatic islands (Kvarner archipelago). Although island Olib doesn't belong geographically to Kvarner archipelago, it is quite close to it (just 20 km southeast) and hence this reference seems most relevant. Existence of both floating and submerged leaves, deeply divided triternate, cordate at the base shape of floating leaves, not round nectary pits on their petals (as with Ranunculus aquaticus), relatively short segments of the third order of submerged leaves (compared to Ranunculus penicillatus) and flower stalks compared to floating leaves' petioles (compared to Ranunculus baudotii) speak in favor of Ranunculus peltatus. What encourages me regarding this decision is the fact that it has been found also on island Silba (Ref.6), which is only 2 km west of Olib. However, Ranunculus peltatus is missing from the list of vascular plant taxa (465 taxa on 26 km2 of island surface) published in 2016 (Ref.2, Appendix 1.), which is a result of the first comprehensive study of flora of the island. Ref.: (1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten (2014), p 794. (2) M. Milovi, S. Kovai, N. Jasprica, V. Stamenkovi, Contribution to the study of Adriatic island flora: Vascular plant species diversity in the Croatian Island of Olib, Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici (2016), Vol.25 No.1; available at https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=236274 (3) http://canope.ac-besancon.fr/flore/Ranunculaceae/especes/ranunculus_baudotii.htm (accessed May 26. 2018) (4) http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54820-synthese (accessed May 26. 2018) (5) U. Jensen, J.W. Kadereit (eds), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae, Conference proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Wien (1995) https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-6612-3 (6) Flora Croatica Database (FCD), Department of Botany, Faculty of science, FER-ZPR, University of Zagreb (2004); http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd (accessed May 30. 2018) (7) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 144. (8) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280. (9) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 67.