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Pemphredoninae ( German )

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Pemphredoninae ist eine Unterfamilie der Crabronidae innerhalb der Grabwespen (Spheciformes). Sie umfasst nach Pulawski (2009) 37 Gattungen in vier Triben.[1] In Europa ist die Unterfamilie mit 107 Arten in 13 Gattungen vertreten.[2]

Merkmale

Die kleinen bis mittelgroßen Grabwespen sind häufig schwarz gefärbt. Manche Arten besitzen eine rot gefärbte Hinterleibsbasis, einige zeigen gelbe Färbungen. Bei vielen Arten ist das erste Sternit des Hinterleibs stielartig ausgebildet. Die Schienen (Tibien) der mittleren Beinpaare tragen nur einen Sporn. Die Arten, die keine stielartige Hinterleibsbasis haben, haben in den Vorderflügeln nur zwei Submarginalzellen und häufig ein deutlich vergrößertes Flügelmal.[3]

Lebensweise

Die Pemphredoninae zählen zu den am weitesten entwickelten Grabwespen und haben teilweise bereits bienenähnliches Verhalten. So sind die Arten der Gattung Microstigmus die einzigen eusozial lebenden Grabwespen. Bei manchen Arten kleiden die Weibchen ihre Nester mit einem seidenartigen Gewebe aus. Auch werden bei manchen Arten mehrere wehrlose Futtertiere gesammelt und in das Nest eingebracht, anstatt ein Beutetier gejagt. Das Ei wird dann inmitten dieses Vorrats abgelegt. Bei manchen Arten vollführen die Männchen vor der Paarung ein kompliziertes Balzritual.[3]

Systematik

Im Folgenden werden alle derzeit anerkannten rezenten Subtaxa[1] bis hinunter zur Gattung sowie die europäischen Arten aufgelistet:

Belege

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Wojciech J. Pulawski: Family group names and classification, Version 22. Mai 2009, Online (PDF; 389 kB), letzter Zugriff 5. Juli 2010
  2. Pemphredoninae. Fauna Europaea, abgerufen am 22. Juli 2010.
  3. a b Manfred Blösch: Die Grabwespen Deutschlands: Lebensweise, Verhalten, Verbreitung. 1. Auflage. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2, S. 141.

Literatur

  • Manfred Blösch: Die Grabwespen Deutschlands: Lebensweise, Verhalten, Verbreitung. 1. Auflage. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2.
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Pemphredoninae: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Pemphredoninae ist eine Unterfamilie der Crabronidae innerhalb der Grabwespen (Spheciformes). Sie umfasst nach Pulawski (2009) 37 Gattungen in vier Triben. In Europa ist die Unterfamilie mit 107 Arten in 13 Gattungen vertreten.

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Pemphredoninae

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The subfamily Pemphredoninae also known as the aphid wasps,[1] is a large group in the wasp family Crabronidae, with over 1000 species. Historically, this subfamily has frequently been accorded family status. In some recent phylogenetic analyses, one of the subtribes within this group is the sister lineage to the superfamily Apoidea, and accorded family rank as Ammoplanidae along with Pemphredonidae and Psenidae so as to keep families monophyletic.[2]

The subfamily consists of solitary wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground, or plant material, for nesting.[3]

As with all other sphecoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lay their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larvae feed upon after hatching from the egg.

Subdivisions

In most classifications, the Pemphredoninae are divided into four tribes: Entomosericini, Odontosphecini, Psenini, and Pemphredonini; the last of which has by far the largest number of species. The primary distinction between the Psenini and the Pemphredonini is that Psenini have a forewing with three submarginal cells, while Pemphredonini never have more than two submarginal cells in their forewing. More recent classifications treat Psenidae (including Odontosphecini) as a separate family, and sister to the newly-erected family Ammoplanidae, while Pemphredonidae (excluding Ammoplanina) is sister taxon to the Philanthidae.[2]

Fossils

Two fossilized wasps from the Weald Clay, Archisphex and Angarosphex are considered to possibly be in the Pemphredoninae.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ "Subfamily Pemphredoninae - Aphid Wasps", accessed 14 January 2009
  2. ^ a b Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
  3. ^ Sharp, David (1901) "Insects Part II: Chapter III: Hymenoptera Aculeata continued: Family Sphegidae-Crabronides: Sub-Fam. 9. Mimesides." in Harmer, S. F. and Shipley, A. E. (eds.) (1901) The Cambridge Natural History Macmillan and Co., London, p. 128 OCLC 559687
  4. ^ Jarzembowski, E. A. (1991) "The Weald Clay of the Weald: Report of 1988/89 Field Meetings: New insects from the Weald Clay of the Weald" Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102: pp. 83-108; as cited in Grimaldi, David (1999) "The co-radiations of pollinating insects and angiosperms in the Cretaceous" Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86(2): pp. 373-406, p. 377

References

  • Bohart, R. M. and Menke, A. S. (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision University of California Press, Berkeley, California, ISBN 0-520-02318-8 Google books
  • Simon-Thomas, R. T. and Bohart, R. M. (1998) A recapitulation of errata and omissions to Sphecid wasps of the world, a generic revision, by R.M. Bohart & A.S. Menke Instituut voor Systematiek en Populatiebiologie, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, OCLC 39684725

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Pemphredoninae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The subfamily Pemphredoninae also known as the aphid wasps, is a large group in the wasp family Crabronidae, with over 1000 species. Historically, this subfamily has frequently been accorded family status. In some recent phylogenetic analyses, one of the subtribes within this group is the sister lineage to the superfamily Apoidea, and accorded family rank as Ammoplanidae along with Pemphredonidae and Psenidae so as to keep families monophyletic.

The subfamily consists of solitary wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground, or plant material, for nesting.

As with all other sphecoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lay their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larvae feed upon after hatching from the egg.

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Pemphredoninae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Tribu Psenini

Pemphredoninae es una subfamilia de avispas de la familia Crabronidae.[1]​ Históricamente, antes se le daba categoría de familia.[2]

Alimentan a sus larvas con pulgones; por eso se las suele llamar avispas de los pulgones. Cada género se especializa en ciertas especies. La hembra adulta cava túneles en materia vegetal, tallos huecos, para hacer sus nidos. La hembra trae las presas paralizadas al nido y deposita sus huevos.[3]

Subdivisiones

Hay más de 1070 especies en cuarenta géneros. En la mayoría de las clasificaciones esta subfamilia se subdivide en cuatro tribusː Entomosericini, Odontosphecini, Psenini y Pemphredonini; el último es el más numeroso en especies. La principal diferencia entre Psenini y Pemphredonini es que Psenini tiene alas anteriores con tres células submarginales, mientras Pemphredonini nunca tiene más de dos células submarginales. Las clasificaciones más recientes tratan a Psenidae (incluyendo Odontosphecini) como una familia separada, y como hermana de la nueva familia creada, Ammoplanidae, mientras Pemphredonidae (excluyendo a Ammoplanina) es un taxón hermano de Philanthidae.[2]

Fósiles

Se conocen dos avispas fósiles, Archisphex y Angarosphex, de las arcillas de Weald que posiblemente pertenecen a Pemphredoninae.[4]

Referencias

  1. Bugguide.net. Subfamily Pemphredoninae - Aphid Wasps, accessed 21 Julio 2021
  2. a b Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
  3. Sharp, David (1901) "Insects Part II: Chapter III: Hymenoptera Aculeata continued: Family Sphegidae-Crabronides: Sub-Fam. 9. Mimesides." in Harmer, S. F. and Shipley, A. E. (eds.) (1901) The Cambridge Natural History Macmillan and Co., London, p. 128 OCLC 559687
  4. Jarzembowski, E. A. (1991) "The Weald Clay of the Weald: Report of 1988/89 Field Meetings: New insects from the Weald Clay of the Weald" Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102: pp. 83-108; as cited in Grimaldi, David (1999) "The co-radiations of pollinating insects and angiosperms in the Cretaceous" Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86(2): pp. 373-406, p. 377
  • Bohart, R. M. and Menke, A. S. (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision University of California Press, Berkeley, California, ISBN 0-520-02318-8 Google books
  • Simon-Thomas, R. T. and Bohart, R. M. (1998) A recapitulation of errata and omissions to Sphecid wasps of the world, a generic revision, by R.M. Bohart & A.S. Menke Instituut voor Systematiek en Populatiebiologie, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, OCLC 39684725

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Pemphredoninae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src= Tribu Psenini

Pemphredoninae es una subfamilia de avispas de la familia Crabronidae.​ Históricamente, antes se le daba categoría de familia.​

Alimentan a sus larvas con pulgones; por eso se las suele llamar avispas de los pulgones. Cada género se especializa en ciertas especies. La hembra adulta cava túneles en materia vegetal, tallos huecos, para hacer sus nidos. La hembra trae las presas paralizadas al nido y deposita sus huevos.​

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Pemphredoninae ( French )

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Pemphredoninae: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Pemphredoninae sont une sous-famille d'insectes hyménoptères de la famille des Crabronidés.

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