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Zwergschlangen ( German )

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Die Zwergschlangen (Calamariinae) sind eine in Südostasien verbreitete Unterfamilie der Nattern (Colubridae). Die größte Gattung bilden die Eigentlichen Zwergschlangen (Calamaria).

Merkmale und Lebensweise

Die Zwergschlangen haben eine Gesamtlänge bis etwa 30 cm und einen kleinen Kopf. Die Augen sind klein mit runden Pupillen.[1] Das Augenloch wird nur durch das Stirnbein und das Parasphenoid geformt. Das Scheitelbein ist nicht beteiligt.[2] Die bei Nattern im Allgemeinen vorhandenen 8 Kopfschilde fehlen bei den Zwergschlangen meist. Die Schlangen besitzen Gaumenzähne und haben nach hinten kleiner werdende Unterkieferzähne.[1]

Sie ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Regenwürmern und am Boden lebenden Insekten.[1]

Verbreitungsgebiet

Die Zwergschlangen sind in Südostasien in der tropischen Klimazone verbreitet.[1]

Gattungen

Die Unterfamilie enthält 7 Gattungen und 94 Schlangenarten (Stand Juli 2021):[3]

Äußere Systematik

Nach Zaher et al. ergibt sich folgende äußere Systematik mit acht Unterfamilien der Nattern:[4]

Nattern

Pseudoxenodontinae


Dipsadinae




Wassernattern (Natricinae)



Sibynophiinae




Grayiinae


Zwergschlangen (Calamariinae)




Ahaetullinae


Colubrinae







Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d Zwergschlangen. Lexikon der Biologie. Spektrum.de, abgerufen am 17. Juli 2021.
  2. R. Lawson, J.B. Slowinski, B.I. Crother, F.T. Burbrink: Phylogeny of the Colubroidea (Serpentes): New evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Band 37, Nr. 2, 2005, S. 581–601, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.016.
  3. Calamariinae In: The Reptile Database; abgerufen am 16. Juli 2021.
  4. Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L. Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G. Grazziotin: Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). In: PLOS ONE. Band 14, Nr. 5, 2019, e0216148, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148.
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Zwergschlangen: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Zwergschlangen (Calamariinae) sind eine in Südostasien verbreitete Unterfamilie der Nattern (Colubridae). Die größte Gattung bilden die Eigentlichen Zwergschlangen (Calamaria).

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Calamariinae

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The Calamariinae are a subfamily of colubrid snakes, commonly known as reed snakes, that are found in southern and southeastern Asia. They are most diverse in Indonesia, especially Sumatra and Borneo. The subfamily contains 90 species in seven genera.[2] Very few specimens of most species have been collected.

The genus Calamaria has far more species (60) than all other genera in the subfamily combined, and its geographic range is more extensive than the combined ranges of the other genera. Consequently, more is known about it than about the other genera, although Calamariinae is still among the most poorly known groups of snakes in the world, especially for its relatively high species diversity.

Calamariine snakes are small, burrowing, forest-dwelling snakes that eat worms.[3][4] Very few species of colubrid snakes have as few dorsal scale rows (13) as Calamaria, and none have more extensive fusion of the head scales.[3] Most species have laterally compressed, flask-shaped maxillary teeth.

Genera

References

  1. ^ Biolib.cz
  2. ^ Uetz, Peter. "Calamariinae". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  3. ^ a b Inger, R. F.; Marx, H. (1965). "The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria". Fieldiana Zoology. 49: 1–304.
  4. ^ Marx, H.; Inger, R. F. (1955). "Notes on snakes of the genus Calamaria". Fieldiana Zoology. 37: 167–209.
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Calamariinae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Calamariinae are a subfamily of colubrid snakes, commonly known as reed snakes, that are found in southern and southeastern Asia. They are most diverse in Indonesia, especially Sumatra and Borneo. The subfamily contains 90 species in seven genera. Very few specimens of most species have been collected.

The genus Calamaria has far more species (60) than all other genera in the subfamily combined, and its geographic range is more extensive than the combined ranges of the other genera. Consequently, more is known about it than about the other genera, although Calamariinae is still among the most poorly known groups of snakes in the world, especially for its relatively high species diversity.

Calamariine snakes are small, burrowing, forest-dwelling snakes that eat worms. Very few species of colubrid snakes have as few dorsal scale rows (13) as Calamaria, and none have more extensive fusion of the head scales. Most species have laterally compressed, flask-shaped maxillary teeth.

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Calamariinae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Calamariinae es una subfamilia de serpientes colúbridos nativos de Asia. La subfamilia tiene siete géneros y 88 especies reconocidos.[1]

Géneros

Se reconocen los siguientes:[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Reptarium, Calamariinae, The Reptile Database. Consultado el 22 de abril de 2016.
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Calamariinae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Calamariinae es una subfamilia de serpientes colúbridos nativos de Asia. La subfamilia tiene siete géneros y 88 especies reconocidos.​

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Calamariinae ( French )

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Les Calamariinae sont une sous-famille de serpents de la famille des Colubridae.

Répartition

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie.

Liste des genres

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (9 avril 2013)[1] :

Publication originale

  • Bonaparte, 1838 : Synopsis vertebratorum systematis. Amphibiorum Tabula Analytica. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, Bologna, vol. 1, p. 391-397 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Calamariinae: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Calamariinae sont une sous-famille de serpents de la famille des Colubridae.

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