Distribution in Egypt
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Global Distribution
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Habitat
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Waste ground, edges of cultivation.
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- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Life Expectancy
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Comments
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Argemone mexicana is probably native to southern Florida as well as the Caribbean islands and has been introduced along the coast of the United States from New England to Texas and, more infrequently, inland. Although it has been reported from Mississippi, no specimens are known. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions around the world by introduction.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
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This yellow juice of the plant is medicinally used in dropsy, jaundice and cutaneous affection. The seeds are said to be poisonous and have narcotic properties and yields a fixed oil which has been in use amongst West Indian practitioners as an aperient. It exercises a soothing influence when applied externally in headache and also in herpetic and other forms of skin disease. A pale yellow clear limpid oil, obtained from the seeds, is used in lamps and medicinally in ulcers and erudtions.
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Description
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Plants annual. Stems often branching from base, 2.5-8 dm, unarmed or sparingly prickly. Leaf blades: surfaces unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins; proximal lobed 1/2 or more distance to midrib; distal more shallowly lobed, mostly clasping. Inflorescences: buds subglobose, body 10-15 × 9-13 mm, unarmed or sparingly prickly; sepal horns terete, 5-10 mm, unarmed. Flowers 4-7 cm broad, subtended by 1-2 foliaceous bracts; petals bright yellow or rarely pale lemon yellow; stamens 30-50; filaments yellow; pistil 4-6-carpellate. Capsules oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 25-45 × 12-20 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles when present), unarmed or prickly, longest prickles 6-10 mm. Seeds 1.6-2 mm. 2 n = 28.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
A Prickly glabrous annual herb, 30-125 cm tall, branched. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, pinnatifid, semiamplexicaul, sinuate-lobulated; variegated green and white, 5-20 cm long, 2-8 cm broad, ultimate segments, dentate, prickly on the margin, midrib and the veins beneath; Flowers sessile, 3-8 cm in diam., subtended by 2-3 foliaceous bracts. Sepals 8-12 mm long, 5-7 mm broad, with an acute, terete horn below the apex, very sparsely prickly outside, concave, imbricate caducous. Petals 4-6, obovate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, (1.5-)2-2.5 cm broad, narrowed below, bright yellow, imbricate, more or less crumpled in bud. Stamens indefinite, 8-12 mm long; anther c. 2 mm long, curved after flowering. Ovary ovate, 8-10 mm long, 3-5 mm broad covered with long soft spines; stigma red, 3-6 lobed; lobes usually broad. Capsule, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2.5-4 cm long, 1.2-2 cm broad, with rounded ribs, covered with sharp erect prickles; valves 3-6. Seeds many, blackish brown to brown, ± rounded, 1.5-2 mm in diam, with fine, con¬spicuous tuberculae.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Native of West Indies and Mexoico, but naturalized in most of the warm countries of the world as a weed.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
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Tropical America. A pantropical weed.
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Distribution
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Ont.; Ala., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., La., Md., Mass, Mich., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America.
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Elevation Range
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150-1400 m
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl.Per. February-May.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering and fruiting spring-fall, or throughout year in tropics.
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Habitat
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Waste places, often a weed of roadsides, dooryards, fallow fields; 0-1500m.
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Synonym
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Argemone leiocarpa Greene - F W2
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Derivation of specific name
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mexicana: of Mexico
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Argemone mexicana L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=124050
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Erect, glaucous herb to 1 m, with spiny stems. Leaves sessile, × amplexicaul, pinnatifid with prickly teeth. Veins on upper surface white, the leaf appearing variegated. Flowers 35-45 mm in diameter, either bright yellow or cream coloured. Capsule 25-45 mm, ellipsoid, spiny.
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Argemone mexicana L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=124050
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Frequency
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Common
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Argemone mexicana L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=124050
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Native of Central and tropical South America.
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Argemone mexicana L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=124050
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Argemone mexicana
provided by wikipedia EN
Flower bud of Prickly Poppy which is a common weed of India picture is taken at Beliatore ,West Bengal, India
Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy,[1] Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle,[2] cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. It has bright yellow latex. It is poisonous to grazing animals, and it is rarely eaten, but it has been used medicinally by many peoples, including those in its native area, as well as the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and many parts of India. In India, during the colorful festival Holika Dahan, adults and children worship by offering flowers, and this species is in its maximum flowering phase during March when the Holi festival is celebrated. It is also referred to as "kateli ka phool” in India.
Chemical constituents
Argemone mexicana seeds contain 22–36% of a pale yellow non-edible oil, called argemone oil or katkar oil, which contains the toxic alkaloids sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Four quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, and oxyberberine, have been isolated from the whole plant of Argemone mexicana.[3] Many other alkaloids such as argemexicaines A and B, coptisine, cryptopine, allocryptopine and chelerythrine have also been found in this plant.[4]
The seed pods secrete a pale yellow latex when cut open. This argemone resin contains berberine and protopine.
pollen grain of 'Mexican prickly poppy'
Toxicity
Argemone Mexicana, Village Bharaj
Sangrur
The seeds resemble the seeds of Brassica nigra (mustard). As a result, mustard can be adulterated by argemone seeds, rendering it poisonous. Several significant instances of katkar poisoning have been reported in India, Fiji, South Africa and other countries. The last major outbreak in India occurred in 1998. 1% adulteration of mustard oil by argemone oil has been shown to cause clinical disease.[5] In India, Argemone oil is mixed with sunflower oil and sesame oil to increase the quantity, but this adulteration causes health disorders and renowned brands display "no argemone oil" to qualify purity.[6]
Katkar oil poisoning causes epidemic dropsy, with symptoms including extreme swelling, particularly of the legs.
Traditional medicine
The Seri of Sonora, Mexico use the entire plant both fresh and dried. An infusion is made to relieve kidney pain post-natally.[7] When the Spanish arrived in Sonora, they called it cardosanto, taken as a laxative.[8] An Argemone mexicana tea is used in Mali to treat malaria.[9][10][11] In the traditional medicine of India, the yellow sap of A. mexicana and the whole plant may be used as a supposed treatment for jaundice.[12]
Other uses
Biodiesel production from A. mexicana seed oil using crystalline manganese carbonate has been demonstrated.
See also
References
-
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
-
^ Thomas C. Fuller (1986). Poisonous plants of California. University of California Press. pp. 201–. ISBN 978-0-520-05569-8. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
-
^ Singh, S.; Singh, T. D.; Singh, V. P.; Pandey, V. B. (February 2010). "Quaternary Alkaloids of Argemone mexicana". Pharmaceutical Biology. 48 (2): 158–160. doi:10.3109/13880200903062622. PMID 20645832.
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^ Chang YC, Hsieh PW, Chang FR, Wu RR, Liaw CC, Lee KH, Wu YC (February 2003). "Two new protopines argemexicaines A and B and the anti-HIV alkaloid 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine from formosan Argemone mexicana". Planta Medica. 69 (2): 148–52. doi:10.1055/s-2003-37710. PMID 12624820.
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^ "Epidemic dropsy". WHO South East Asia Regional Office. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
-
^ "What is argemone oil?". The Times of India. The Times of India. 31 August 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
-
^ Felger, R. S.; Moser, M. B. (1985). People of the Desert and Sea. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816508181.
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^ Moore, M. (1990). Los Remedios: Traditional Herbal Remedies of the Southwest. Santa Fe, NM: Museum of New Mexico Press.
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^ Merlin L Willco; Bertrand Graz; Jacques Falquet; Chiaka Diakite; Sergio Giani; Drissa Diallo (2011). "A "reverse pharmacology" approach for developing an anti-malarial phytomedicine". Malaria Journal. 10 (Suppl 1): S8. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S8. PMC 3059466. PMID 21411019.
-
^ Borrell, B. (2014-01-06). "Drug Developers Take a Second Look at Herbal Medicines". Scientific American. 310 (6): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0614-64. PMID 25004577.
-
^ Willcox, M. L.; Graz, B.; Falquet, J.; et al. (2007). "Argemone mexicana Decoction for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 101 (12): 1190–1198. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.017. PMID 17920092.
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^ Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG (2017). "Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part I". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 518. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00518. PMC 5559545. PMID 28860989.
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Argemone mexicana: Brief Summary
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Argemone mexicana -
MHNT Flower bud of Prickly Poppy which is a common weed of India picture is taken at Beliatore ,West Bengal, India
Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. It has bright yellow latex. It is poisonous to grazing animals, and it is rarely eaten, but it has been used medicinally by many peoples, including those in its native area, as well as the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and many parts of India. In India, during the colorful festival Holika Dahan, adults and children worship by offering flowers, and this species is in its maximum flowering phase during March when the Holi festival is celebrated. It is also referred to as "kateli ka phool” in India.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Flower bud of Prickly Poppy which is a common weed of India picture is taken at Beliatore ,West Bengal, India 
