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Xenophidion ( German )

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Xenophidion ist eine artenarme und wenig bekannte Schlangengattung aus Malaysia. Der Gattungsname bedeutet so viel wie „fremde Schlange“ (ξένος xénos „fremd“) und ist ein Hinweis auf einige ungewöhnliche morphologische Eigenschaften, die die beiden Arten der Gattung charakterisieren.

Merkmale

Xenophidion-Arten werden maximal 30 cm lang. Die Schlangen leben grabend in Laubstreu und unter Moos in dichten Regenwäldern. Charakteristisch für die Gattung ist eine mehr (X. acanthognathus) oder weniger (X. schaeferi) starke Kielung der Körperbeschuppung. Zwischen den Augen befindet sich eine sattelförmige Einbuchtung. Die Anzahl der Subcaudale liegt bei 43 (X. schaeferi) bzw. 51 (X. acanthognathus). Eine Loreale fehlt. Die Anzahl der Zähne auf dem Gaumenbein liegt bei 8 bzw. 10, auf dem Flügelbein bei 13 bzw. 16 und im Unterkiefer bei 12 bzw. 19. Charakteristisch für die Gattung ist ein großer, vorn liegender Fangzahn und ein (X. acanthognathus) bzw. drei (X. schaeferi) Zähne vor diesem Fangzahn, sowie ein nach hinten gerichteter, stachelförmiger Fortsatz am Oberkiefer, der aber nur nach einer Dissektion sichtbar ist.

Systematik

Die Gattung und beide Arten wurden 1995 durch die deutschen Herpetologen Rainer Günther und Ulrich Manthey beschrieben und zunächst in die Verwandtschaft der Nattern (Colubridae) gestellt. 1998 erfolgte die Zuordnung zu einer eigenständigen, monotypischen Familie (Xenophidiidae) durch Günther und Van Wallach. Xenophidion ist wahrscheinlich nah mit den Bolyerschlangen (Bolyeriidae) verwandt, mit denen sie verschiedene Merkmale teilen.

Arten

Literatur

Weblinks

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Xenophidion: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Xenophidion ist eine artenarme und wenig bekannte Schlangengattung aus Malaysia. Der Gattungsname bedeutet so viel wie „fremde Schlange“ (ξένος xénos „fremd“) und ist ein Hinweis auf einige ungewöhnliche morphologische Eigenschaften, die die beiden Arten der Gattung charakterisieren.

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Xenophidion

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Xenophidion is a genus of snakes first described in 1995, and the only genus of the monotypic family Xenophidiidae.[1] Commonly referred to as spinejaw snakes, this genus is found in Borneo and peninsular Malaysia.

Morphology and classification

This genus is taxonomically and phylogenetically challenging to classify, as these snakes possess several morphological traits that distinguish them from all other snake species; head scales with numerous sensory papillae, large prefrontal scales, and an upper jaw which has a spiny palatine process. They also lack any pelvic girdle vestiges, a left lung, or a coronoid bone.[2] In 2004, cytochrome b sequencing suggested a sister relationship of Xenophidion to Bolyeriidae from Mauritius.[3] Similar to Boyleriidae, spinejaw snakes have a jointed maxilla.

Diet, reproduction, and habitat

Very little is known about this genus. Specimen dissection has revealed the presence of a partially digested skink and an oviparous mode of reproduction, but male specimens have not yet been identified.[4] They are likely fossorial and may be under severe threat from palm oil agriculture.

Species

References

  1. ^ Genus Xenophidion at The Reptile Database.
  2. ^ Wallach, Van; Günther, Rainer (1998). "Visceral anatomy of the Malaysian snake genus Xenophidion, including a cladistic analysis and allocation to a new family". Amphibia-Reptilia. 19 (4): 385–405. doi:10.1163/156853898X00052.
  3. ^ Lawson, R.; Slowinski, J. B.; Burbrink, F. T. (2004). "A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidion schaeferi among the Alethinophidia". Journal of Zoology. 263 (3): 285–294. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.504.6967. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005278.
  4. ^ Xenophidion: The Snake with the Mystery Penis. snakesarelong.blogspot.com (28 September 2016)
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Xenophidion: Brief Summary

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Xenophidion is a genus of snakes first described in 1995, and the only genus of the monotypic family Xenophidiidae. Commonly referred to as spinejaw snakes, this genus is found in Borneo and peninsular Malaysia.

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Xenophidion ( Estonian )

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Xenophidion on maoperekond.

Klassifikatsioon

Perekond Xenophidion on roomajate andmebaasis ülemsugukonda klassifitseerimata (incertae sedis) ja süstemaatika pole päris selge, kuna osad autorid paigutavad perekonna sugukonda Xenophidiidae. Perekonda klassifitseeritakse järgmised maoliigid[1]:

Viited

  1. Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann, Xenophidion Roomajate andmebaas veebiversioon (vaadatud 15.11.2013) (inglise keeles)

Välislingid

Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Xenophidion seisuga 15.11.2013.

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Xenophidion: Brief Summary ( Estonian )

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Xenophidion on maoperekond.

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Xenophidion ( Basque )

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Xenophidion Tropidophiidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Malaysian bizi dira.

Espezieak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Xenophidion: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Xenophidion Tropidophiidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Malaysian bizi dira.

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Xenophidion ( French )

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Xenophidion est un genre de serpents, le seul de la famille des Xenophidiidae[1].

Répartition

Les espèces de ce genre sont endémiques de Malaisie[1].

Liste d'espèces

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (25 janvier 2014)[2] :

Publications originales

  • Günther & Manthey, 1995 : Xenophidion, a new genus with two new species of snakes from Malaysia (Serpentes, Colubridae). Amphibia-Reptilia, vol. 16, p. 229-240.
  • Wallach & Günther, 1998 : Visceral anatomy of the Malaysian snake genus Xenophidion, including a cladistic analysis and allocation to a new family (Serpentes: Xenophidiidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, vol. 19, no 4, p. 385-405.

Notes et références

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Xenophidion: Brief Summary ( French )

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Xenophidion est un genre de serpents, le seul de la famille des Xenophidiidae.

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Xenophidion ( Norwegian )

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Xenophidion er en lite kjent slekt av slanger som er utbredt i Malaysia.

De ble først vitenskapelig beskrevet i 1995, og ble da regnet som snoker.[1] De ble deretter plassert i familien Tropidophiidae sammen med dvergboaene, men regnes nå til en egen familie, Xenophidiidae.[2] En molekylærgenetisk studie tyder på at bolyeriaslanger er de nærmeste slektningene.[3]

Arter

Hver av de to artene er bare kjent fra ett eksemplar med følgende funnsted:

Referanser

  1. ^ R. Günther og U. Manthey (1995). «Xenophidion, a new genus with two new species of snakes from Malaysia (Serpentes, Colubridae)». Amphibia-Reptilia. 16 (3): 229–240. ISSN 1568-5381. doi:10.1163/156853895X00028.
  2. ^ V. Wallach og R. Günther (1998). «Visceral anatomy of the Malaysian snake genus Xenophidion, including a cladistic analysis and allocation to a new family (Serpentes: Xenophidiidae)». Amphibia-Reptilia. 19 (4): 385–405. ISSN 1568-5381. doi:10.1163/156853898X00052.
  3. ^ R. Lawson, J.B. Slowinski og F.T. Burbrink (2004). «A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidion schaeferi among the Alethinophidia.» (PDF). J. Zool., Lond. 263 (3): 285–294. ISSN 0952-8369. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005278.[død lenke]

Eksterne lenker

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Xenophidion: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Xenophidion er en lite kjent slekt av slanger som er utbredt i Malaysia.

De ble først vitenskapelig beskrevet i 1995, og ble da regnet som snoker. De ble deretter plassert i familien Tropidophiidae sammen med dvergboaene, men regnes nå til en egen familie, Xenophidiidae. En molekylærgenetisk studie tyder på at bolyeriaslanger er de nærmeste slektningene.

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제노피디온속 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

제노피디온속(Xenophidion)는 뱀목 참뱀하목에 속하는 파충류 속이다. 제노피디온과(Xenophidiidae)의 유일속으로 2종을 포함하고 있다.[1] 보르네오섬말레이반도에서 발견된다.

형태학 및 분류학

제노피디온속 뱀은 다른 뱀과 구별되는 몇가지 형태적 특성을 가지고 있기때문에 분류학적으로 또는 계통발생학적으로 분류하기가 까다롭다. 감각 돌기를 많이 가지고 있는 머리 비늘과 큰 앞 이마 비늘, 가시 구개돌기를 가진 윗 턱 등이다. 다리이음뼈 흔적과 왼쪽 폐 또는 갈고리 뼈또 없다. 2004년 시토크롬 b 염기 서열 분석 결과에 의해 모리셔스의 왕뱀사촌과 뱀과의 자매군 관계가 제안되었다.[2]

하위 종

  • X. acanthognathus GÜNTHER & MANTHEY, 1995
  • X. schaeferi GÜNTHER & MANTHEY, 1995

계통 분류

다음은 2013년과 2014년, 피론(Pyron, R.A.), 2016년 정(Zheng, Yuchi)과 존(John J. Wiens) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[3][4][5]

뱀아목    

가는장님뱀과

     

게르호필루스과

     

제노티프롭스과

   

장님뱀과

           

미국실뱀과

       

파이프뱀과

   

난쟁이왕뱀과

       

제노피디온과

         

아시아파이프뱀과

   

가시꼬리뱀과

         

햇살뱀과

     

멕시코비단뱀과

   

비단뱀과

           

제노피디온과

   

왕뱀사촌과

       

칼라바비단뱀과

왕뱀과

마다가스카르나무왕뱀아과

     

운갈리오피스아과

     

태평양왕뱀아과

     

모래왕뱀아과

   

왕뱀아과

                       

줄판비늘뱀과

   

제노데르무스과

       

파레아스과

     

살무사과

       

호말롭시스과

     

람프로피스과

   

코브라과

       

뱀과

                   

각주

  1. “Xenophidion”. The Reptile Database. 2014년 9월 21일에 확인함.
  2. Lawson, R.; Slowinski, J. B.; Burbrink, F. T. (2004). “A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidion schaeferi among the Alethinophidia”. 《Journal of Zoology》 263 (3): 285–294. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.504.6967. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005278.
  3. Pyron, R.A.; Frank T Burbrink, John J Wiens 2013. “A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes.”. 《BMC Evol Biol 13: 93》. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
  4. R. ALEXANDER PYRON, R. GRAHAM REYNOLDS & FRANK T. BURBRINK. “A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)” (PDF). 《Zootaxa 3846 (2): 249–260》.
  5. Zheng, Yuchi; John J. Wiens (2016). “Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species” (PDF). 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537–547, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009》. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
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