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Lichinales ( German )

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Die Lichinales sind eine Ordnung der Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota) und bilden alleine die Klasse der Lichinomycetes. Die Arten bilden Flechten mit Cyanobakterien als Photobionten.

Merkmale

Die Arten bilden gallertige Krusten-, Strauch- oder Blattflechten. Die Fruchtkörper sind scheibenförmige Apothecien, manchmal eingesenkt. In manchen Fällen sind sie auch keulenförmig, gestielt, sitzend. Sie sind fleischig, das Peridium ist oft nicht deutlich ausgebildet. Das Hymenium wird von Iod meist blau gefärbt. Die Asci sind dünnwandig oder an der Spitze verdickt. Sie besitzen keine deutlich ausgebildeten Apikalstrukturen. Häufig besitzen die Asci eine Iod-färbende äußere gallertige Schicht. Pro Ascus werden acht bis 100 Sporen gebildet.

Die Ascosporen sind einfach oder selten mehrfach septiert, ellipsoidisch bis spindelförmig, durchscheinend (hyalin) oder pigmentiert.

Die Anamorphen bilden Pyknidien.

Systematik

Die Lichinales wurden früher zu den Lecanorales bzw. Lecanoromycetes gestellt. DNA-Sequenzanalysen zeigten jedoch, dass sie eine eigenständige Gruppe bilden, und zusammen mit den Geoglossaceae die Schwestergruppe der Lecanoromycetes bilden.[1]

Zur Ordnung werden folgende Familien gezählt (mit ausgewählten Gattungen und Arten):[2]

Literatur

  • Sina M. Adl et al.: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Seiten 399–451. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x.
  • Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni und Claude Roux: Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Band 32, 2004. S. 1036–1060. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.012. (Erstbeschreibung)

Einzelnachweise

  1. J.W. Spatafora et al.: A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina. In: Mycologia, Band 98, 2006, S. 1018–1028.
  2. O. E. Eriksson (Hrsg.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet, Band 12, 2006, S. 1–82. (online html)
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Lichinales: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Lichinales sind eine Ordnung der Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota) und bilden alleine die Klasse der Lichinomycetes. Die Arten bilden Flechten mit Cyanobakterien als Photobionten.

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Lichinales

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Lichinales is the sole order of ascomycete fungi in the class Lichinomycetes. It contains three families: Gloeoheppiaceae (3 genera), Lichinaceae (43 genera), and Peltulaceae (1 genus).[1] Most species are lichenized. Lichinales was proposed in 1986 by German lichenologists Aino Henssen and Burkhard Büdel.[2] The class Lichinomycetes was created by Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni and Claude Roux in 2004.[3]

A study published in late 2022 suggests that six classes of fungi, Candelariomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Sareomycetes, and Xylonomycetes, are all part of a clade that has a sister relationship with a clade containing Lecanoromycetes and Eurotiomycetes. Lichinomycetes is the oldest name among these orders, and so the authors used this name for the group. Phylogenomic analysis of a 481-genome set showed that as a group, the Lichinomycetes have relatively small genomes, and fewer metabolic gene clusters; one consequence of this is an inability to break down cellulose and pectin. Because of this reduced metabolic capability, Lichinomycetes fungi may have adapted to partner symbiotically with other species to compensate for these losses.[4]

References

  1. ^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
  2. ^ Eriksson, O.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1986). "Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 1-224". Systema Ascomycetum. 5: 113–174 [138].
  3. ^ Reeb, Valérie; Lutzoni, François; Roux, Claude (September 2004). "Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 (3): 1036–1060. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.012. PMID 15288074.
  4. ^ Díaz-Escandón, David; Tagirdzhanova, Gulnara; Vanderpool, Dan; Allen, Carmen C.G.; Aptroot, André; Češka, Oluna; Hawksworth, David L.; Huereca, Alejandro; Knudsen, Kerry; Kocourková, Jana; Lücking, Robert; Resl, Philipp; Spribille, Toby (2022). "Genome-level analyses resolve an ancient lineage of symbiotic ascomycetes". Current Biology. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.014.
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Lichinales: Brief Summary

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Lichinales is the sole order of ascomycete fungi in the class Lichinomycetes. It contains three families: Gloeoheppiaceae (3 genera), Lichinaceae (43 genera), and Peltulaceae (1 genus). Most species are lichenized. Lichinales was proposed in 1986 by German lichenologists Aino Henssen and Burkhard Büdel. The class Lichinomycetes was created by Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni and Claude Roux in 2004.

A study published in late 2022 suggests that six classes of fungi, Candelariomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Sareomycetes, and Xylonomycetes, are all part of a clade that has a sister relationship with a clade containing Lecanoromycetes and Eurotiomycetes. Lichinomycetes is the oldest name among these orders, and so the authors used this name for the group. Phylogenomic analysis of a 481-genome set showed that as a group, the Lichinomycetes have relatively small genomes, and fewer metabolic gene clusters; one consequence of this is an inability to break down cellulose and pectin. Because of this reduced metabolic capability, Lichinomycetes fungi may have adapted to partner symbiotically with other species to compensate for these losses.

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Lichinales ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Schimmels

De Lichinales vormen een orde van Lecanoromycetes uit de subklasse van Lecanoromycetidae.

Tot deze orde behoren bepaalde soorten korstmossen.

Taxonomie

De taxonomische indeling van de Agyriales is als volgt:

Orde: Lichinales

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Lichinales: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Lichinales vormen een orde van Lecanoromycetes uit de subklasse van Lecanoromycetidae.

Tot deze orde behoren bepaalde soorten korstmossen.

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Lichinales ( Polish )

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Lichinales Henssen & Büdel – rząd grzybów należący do klasy Licenomycetes[1].

Systematyka

Pozycja w klasyfikacji według Index Fungorum

Lichinales, Incertae sedis, Lichinomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi[1].

Rodzaje

Według ciągle aktualizowanej klasyfikacji Index Fungorum bazującej na Dictionary of the Fungi do rzędu Lichinales należą rodziny[2]:

Przypisy

  1. a b Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2016-05-25].
  2. CABI databases (ang.). [dostęp 2016-05-07].
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Lichinales: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Lichinales Henssen & Büdel – rząd grzybów należący do klasy Licenomycetes.

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Lichinales ( Portuguese )

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Lichinales é uma ordem de Ascomycota, a única da classe Lichinomycetes. As suas espécies formam líquenes com cianobactérias como fotobiontes.

Características

Formam líquenes de crosta gelatinosa, folhosos ou foliares. Os corpos frutíferos são por vezes apotécios em forma de disco. São carnudos, e os perídios muitas vezes não são claramente formados. Geralmente o himénio mancha de azul com iodo. Os ascos têm paredes finas ou espessadas numa das extremidades. Não possuem estruturas apicais claramente formadas e podem ter uma camada exterior gelatinosa. Formam-se 8 a 100 esporos por asco. Os ascósporos são monosseptados, raramente multisseptados, elipsoidais a fusiformes, translúcidos ou pigmentados. Os anamorfos formam picnídios.

Sistemática

Lichinales eram antes classificados em Lecanorales e/ou Lecanoromycetes. Contudo, as análises de sequenciação de ADN mostraram que formam o seu próprio grupo, e juntamente com Geoglossaceae formam um clado-irmão de Lecanoromycetes.[1]

Inclui as seguintes famílias:[2]

Bibliografia

  • Sina M. Adl et al.: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Seiten 399-451 (Abstract und Volltext)
  • Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni und Claude Roux: Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Band 32, 2004. S. 1036–1060. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.012 (Erstbeschreibung)

Referências

  1. J.W. Spatafora et al.: A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina. In: Mycologia, Band 98, 2006, S. 1018-1028.
  2. O. E. Eriksson (Hrsg.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet, Band 12, 2006, S. 1-82. (online html) Arquivado em 18 de março de 2009, no Wayback Machine.
  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em alemão, cujo título é «Lichinales», especificamente .
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Lichinales: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Lichinales é uma ordem de Ascomycota, a única da classe Lichinomycetes. As suas espécies formam líquenes com cianobactérias como fotobiontes.

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Лихиновые (порядок) ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Грибы
Подцарство: Высшие грибы
Отдел: Аскомицеты
Подотдел: Pezizomycotina
Порядок: Лихиновые
Международное научное название

Lichinales Henssen & Büdel, 1986

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Систематика
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Изображения
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ITIS 610659NCBI 291611EOL 6130MB 90481

Лихиновые (лат. Lichinales) — порядок грибов, входящий в класс Лихиномицеты. Порядок объединяет 4 семейства и 161 вид.

Описание

Таллом накипной, реже накипный карликово-кустистым. Анатомическое строение таллома либо гетеро-, либо гомеомерное, фотобионтцианобактерия. Апотеции леканоровые или лецидиевые, поверхностные или погруженные в слоевище. Парафизы простые. Сумки содержат от 8 до 48 спор. Споры бесцветные, одноклеточные, реже поперечно дву- до четырёхклеточных, шаровидные до продолговатых, с тонкой оболочкой.

Распространение

Представители порядка поселяются на камнях, реже на почве в трещинах валунов и скал. Распространены преимущественно в регионах с засушливым климатом.

Классификация

Согласно базе данных Catalogue of Life[1] порядок объединяет следующие семейства:

Примечания

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Лихиновые (порядок): Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Лихиновые (лат. Lichinales) — порядок грибов, входящий в класс Лихиномицеты. Порядок объединяет 4 семейства и 161 вид.

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마귀숟갈버섯목 ( Korean )

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마귀숟갈버섯목(Lichinales)은 자낭균류에 속하는 진균류 목의 하나이다. 마귀숟갈버섯강(Lichinomycetes)은 유일 목으로 종의 대부분이 지의류이다. 2004년에 기술되었다.[1] 4개 과로 이루어져 있다.

하위 분류

  • Gloeoheppiaceae
  • Heppiaceae
  • Lichinaceae
  • Peltulaceae

각주

  1. Reeb V, Lutzoni F, Roux C (2004). “Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory”. 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution》 32 (3): 1036–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.012. PMID 15288074.
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