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Hard Milkwood

Alstonia muelleriana Domin

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Alstonia muelleriana Domin
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Alstonia muelleriana
Species recognized by Global Wood Density Database, wikipedia VI, Australia Species List, Papua New Guinea Species List, and NCBI
Alstonia muelleriana Domin
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, and GBIF classification
Alstonia muelleriana
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Global Biotic Interactions, iNaturalist data coverage, Wikipedia (inferred records), and TRY database summary
Alstonia muelleriana
Recognized by Tree carbon estimates and BHL data coverage
Alstonia muelleriana Domin
Species recognized by IUCN, Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, iNaturalist, GBIF data coverage, and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Alstonia muelleriana Domin
Recognized by Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia
Recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Alternative Names

Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia Domin
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia Domin
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia Domin
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia Domin
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Alstonia villosa Benth.
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Common Names

English

hard milkwood preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Curated hierarchies for Alstonia muelleriana Domin

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alstonia
Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla (Cunn.) Schumann
Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis P. Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S. Moore
Alstonia costata (G. Forst.) R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lenormandii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don
Alstonia mairei Leveille
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora P. Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex L. G. Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fischer
Alstonia rubiginosa K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusi (Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monachino
Alstonia spatulata Bl.
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata P. Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
Apocynaceae Juss.
Rauvolfioideae M. E. Endress & Bruyns
Alstonia R. Br.
Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla (A. Cunn.) Schumann
Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) Sidiy.
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis Sidiy.
Alstonia boonei de Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba Sidiy.
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S. Moore
Alstonia costata (G. Forst.) R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lenormandii Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don
Alstonia mairei Lév.
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana Sidiy.
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fisch.
Alstonia rubiginosa Sidiy.
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusii (Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monach.
Alstonia spatulata Blume
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla (Cunn.) Schumann
Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis P. Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S. Moore
Alstonia costata (G. Forst.) R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lenormandii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don
Alstonia mairei Leveille
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora P. Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex L. G. Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fischer
Alstonia rubiginosa K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusi (Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monachino
Alstonia spatulata Bl.
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata P. Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alstonia
Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla (Cunn.) Schumann
Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis P. Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S. Moore
Alstonia costata (G. Forst.) R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lenormandii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don
Alstonia mairei Leveille
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora P. Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex L. G. Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fischer
Alstonia rubiginosa K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusi (Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monachino
Alstonia spatulata Bl.
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata P. Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla (Cunn.) Schumann
Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis P. Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S. Moore
Alstonia costata (G. Forst.) R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lenormandii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don
Alstonia mairei Leveille
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora P. Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex L. G. Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fischer
Alstonia rubiginosa K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusi (Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monachino
Alstonia spatulata Bl.
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata P. Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alstonia R. Br.
Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Alstonia actinophylla K. Schum.
Alstonia angustifolia A. DC.
Alstonia angustiloba Miq.
Alstonia annamensis (Monach.) K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia balansae Guillaumin
Alstonia beatricis K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
Alstonia boulindaensis Boiteau
Alstonia breviloba K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia congensis Engl.
Alstonia coriacea Pancher & S. Moore
Alstonia costata R. Br.
Alstonia curtisii King & Gamble
Alstonia deplanchei Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia guanxiensis D. Fang & X. X. Chen
Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer
Alstonia lanceolata Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia lanceolifera S. Moore
Alstonia legouixiae Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia legouxiae
Alstonia lenormandii Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia linearis Benth.
Alstonia macrophylla Wall.
Alstonia mairei H. Lév.
Alstonia mollis Benth.
Alstonia neriifolia D. Don
Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
Alstonia odontophora Boiteau
Alstonia parkinsonii (M. Gangop. & Chakrab.) Lakra & Chakrab.
Alstonia parvifolia Merr.
Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
Alstonia penangiana K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex L. G. Den Berger
Alstonia quaternata Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia rostrata C. E. C. Fisch.
Alstonia rubiginosa K. Sidiyasa
Alstonia rupestris Kerr
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Alstonia sebusi (Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.) Monach.
Alstonia spatulata Blume
Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.
Alstonia sphaerocapitata Boiteau
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Alstonia vieillardii Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.
Alstonia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton
Alstonia yunnanensis Diels

IUCN

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alstonia muelleriana Domin (this page)
Acokanthera laevigata Kupicha
Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth. & Hook. fil.
Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd
Acokanthera schimperi (A. DC.) Schweinf.
Alyxia poyaensis (Boiteau) D. J. Middleton
Asclepias fimbriata Weim.
Aspidoglossum glabellum Kupicha
Aspidosperma australe Müll. Arg.
Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Müll. Arg.
Aspidosperma excelsum Benth.
Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart.
Aspidosperma ramiflorum Müll. Arg.
Aspidosperma rigidum Rusby
Aspidosperma schultesii Woodson
Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müll. Arg.
Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.
Blepharodon crabronum Goyder
Blepharodon philibertioides Schltr.
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan
Carissa boiviniana (Baill.) Leeuwenb.
Cascabela gaumeri (Hemsl.) Lippold
Cascabela pinifolia (Standl. & Steyerm.) L. O. Alvarado & Ochot.-Booth
Cascabela thevetioides (Kunth) Lippold
Cerbera laeta Leeuwenb.
Ceropegia bracteolata (Meve) Bruyns
Ceropegia chimanimaniensis M. G. Gilbert
Ceropegia odorata Nimmo
Ceropegia porphyrotricha W. W. Sm.
Cynanchum itremense Liede
Cynanchum moramangense Choux
Cynanchum oresbium (Bruyns) Goyder
Cynanchum umtalense Liede
Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Müll. Arg.) Pichon
Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson
Himatanthus bracteatus (A. DC.) Woodson
Himatanthus obovatus (Müll. Arg.) Woodson
Himatanthus phagedaenicus (Mart.) Woodson
Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) T. Durand & Schinz
Huernia hislopii subsp. cashelensis (L. C. Leach & Plowes) Bruyns
Huernia hislopii Turrill
Huernia leachii Lavranos
Hunteria densiflora Pichon
Hunteria myriantha Omino
Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R. Br.
Kopsia rajangensis D. J. Middleton
Lacmellea microcarpa (Müll. Arg.) Markgr.
Lacmellea ramosissima (Müll. Arg.) Markgr.
Macoubea guianensis Aubl.
Malouetia guatemalensis (Müll. Arg.) Standl.
Malouetia tamaquarina (Aubl.) A. DC.
Marsdenia gazensis S. Moore
Melodinus reticulatus Boiteau
Metastelma schlechteri J. F. Macbr.
Minaria praetermissa W. D. Stevens & Arbeláez
Neoschumannia gishwatiensis Eb. Fisch., Killmann & Meve
Oxypetalum fuscum Goyder & Fontella
Oxypetalum pearsonii (Rusby) Goyder & Fontella
Pachypodium mikea Lüthy
Parahancornia negroensis Monach.
Parahancornia surrogata Zarucchi
Pleiocarpa bicarpellata Stapf
Pleiocarpa pycnantha (K. Schum.) Stapf
Pleioceras afzelii (K. Schum.) Stapf
Plumeria rubra L.
Plumeria trouinensis Urb. & Ekman
Raphionacme pulchella Venter & R. L. Verh.
Rauvolfia caffra Sond.
Rauvolfia capuronii Markgr.
Rauvolfia mannii Stapf
Rauvolfia obtusiflora A. DC.
Rauvolfia polyphylla Benth.
Rauvolfia praecox K. Schum. ex Markgr.
Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel.
Rhigospira quadrangularis (Müll. Arg.) Miers
Schizozygia coffaeoides Baill.
Secamone nervosa Klack.
Stephanostegia hildebrandtii Baill.
Stomatostemma pendulina Venter & D. V. Field
Strophanthus bequaertii Staner & Michotte
Strophanthus boivinii Baill.
Strophanthus hispidus DC.
Tabernaemontana alba Mill.
Tabernaemontana arborea Rose
Tabernaemontana disticha A. DC.
Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii Rose
Tabernaemontana macrocalyx Müll. Arg.
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf
Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.
Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. fil.) Leeuwenb.
Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten
Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC.
Tabernanthe iboga Baill.
Thevetia ahouai (L.) A. DC.
Vallesia baileyana Woodson
Vallesia conzattii Standl.
Vallesia sinaloensis El. Mey. ex J. F. Morales
Vallesia spectabilis El. Mey. ex J. F. Morales
Voacanga pachyceras Leeuwenb.
Wrightia novobritannica (Ngan) D. J. Middleton
Wrightia saligna (R. Br.) F. Muell. ex Benth.
512 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
asterids
lamiids
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Rauvolfioideae
Alstonieae
Alstonia
Alstonia muelleriana (this page)
Alstonia angustifolia
Alstonia angustiloba
Alstonia boonei
Alstonia brassii
Alstonia constricta
Alstonia kurzii
Alstonia macrophylla
Alstonia plumosa
Alstonia rostrata
Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia venenata
Alstonia vitiensis
Alstonia yunnanensis
unclassified Alstonia

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Sympetalae
Contortae
Apocynaceae
Rauvolfioideae
Alstonieae
Alstonia
Alstonia muelleriana (this page)
Alstonia muelleriana var. muelleriana
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia
Alstonia actinophylla
Alstonia acuminata
Alstonia angustifolia
Alstonia angustiloba
Alstonia annamensis
Alstonia augustiloba
Alstonia balansae
Alstonia batino
Alstonia beatricis
Alstonia beccarii
Alstonia boonei
Alstonia boulindaensis
Alstonia brassii
Alstonia breviloba
Alstonia calophylla
Alstonia ciliata
Alstonia comptonii
Alstonia congensis
Alstonia constricta
Alstonia coriacea
Alstonia costata
Alstonia costulata
Alstonia curtisii
Alstonia deplanchei
Alstonia edulis
Alstonia elliptica
Alstonia esquirolii
Alstonia eximia
Alstonia ficifolia
Alstonia filipes
Alstonia fragrans
Alstonia glabriflora
Alstonia glaucescens
Alstonia godeffroyi
Alstonia grandifolia
Alstonia guanxiensis
Alstonia henryi
Alstonia iwahigensis
Alstonia kurzii
Alstonia lanceolata
Alstonia lanceolifera
Alstonia legouixiae
Alstonia lenormandii
Alstonia linearifolia
Alstonia linearis
Alstonia longifolia
Alstonia longissima
Alstonia lucida
Alstonia macrantha
Alstonia macrophylla
Alstonia mairei
Alstonia marquisensis
Alstonia mollis
Alstonia montana
Alstonia neriifolia
Alstonia oblongifolia
Alstonia odontophora
Alstonia ophioxyloides
Alstonia pacifica
Alstonia pangkorensis
Alstonia parkinsonii
Alstonia parvifolia
Alstonia paucinervia
Alstonia penangiana
Alstonia pittieri
Alstonia plumosa
Alstonia pneumatophora
Alstonia polyphylla
Alstonia quaternata
Alstonia reineckeana
Alstonia retusa
Alstonia roeperi
Alstonia rostrata
Alstonia rubiginosa
Alstonia rupestris
Alstonia saligna
Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia schumanniana
Alstonia sebusi
Alstonia setchelliana
Alstonia smithii
Alstonia somersetensis
Alstonia subsessilis
Alstonia undulata
Alstonia undulifolia
Alstonia venenata
Alstonia verticillosa
Alstonia vieillardii
Alstonia vietnamensis
Alstonia villosa
Alstonia yunnanensis

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Sympetalae
Contortae
Apocynaceae
Rauvolfioideae
Alstonieae
Alstonia
Alstonia muelleriana
Alstonia muelleriana var. parvifolia (this page)
Alstonia muelleriana var. muelleriana
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