Phenacorhamdia taphorni Do Nascimiento & Milani 2008

This species is distinct from all its congeners by its possession of multicuspid jaw teeth and with the exception of P. nigrolineata, in having fewer vertebrae (39 vs. 40-55). Further, the following morphometric values are useful to distinguish this species from P. anisura and P. provenzanoi, respectively: greater body depth 12.5-14.2% of SL (vs. 10.3-11.7% and 5.9-11.8%); greater cleithral width 15.1-16.5% of SL (vs. 13.6-14.5% and 10.2-13%); shorter adipose-fin base 16.1-18.2% of SL (vs. 19-20.3% and 19.4-23.8%); greater prepelvic length 41.9-43.3% of SL (vs. 37.6-40.4% and 33.5-40.8%); greater caudal peduncle depth 7.9-9% of SL (vs. 5.7-6.9% and 4.3-5.1%); greater head length 22.5-25.9% of SL (vs. 20.1-22.2% and 15.1-19%); longer maxillary barbel 30.6-39.4% of SL (vs. 26.2-28.3% and 21-27.8%); longer snout 38.5-43% of HL (vs. 34.9-37.8% and 31.4-36.8%) (Ref. 78618).

Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analsoft rays: 10; Vertebrae: 39