Glenanthe litorea Cresson 1925

Glenanthe litorea Cresson

Glenanthe litorea Cresson, 1925:166; 1942:107 [review].—Sturtevant and Wheeler, 1954:249 [review].—Wirth, 1956:51 [Bahamas]; 1965:737 [Nearctic catalog]; 1968:6 [Neotropical catalog].

DIAGNOSIS.—Wing unpatterned; palpus blackish brown; antenna mostly dark, black; flagellomere 1 blackish brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, and alar area lacking a gray stripe; fore basitarsomere of male unadorned; abdomen densely microtomentose, gray.

DESCRIPTION.—Small shore flies, length 1.0 to 1.9 mm; generally dull colored, tan to silvery gray, microtomentose.

Head: Frons grayish brown to brown, concolorous with mesonotum, lateral margins sometimes lighter, grayer. Antenna and palpus dark, grayish black. Face mostly silvery gray to gray, carinate between antennal bases, some specimens with carinate portion tan to grayish brown.

Thorax: Mesonotum grayish brown to brown; lacking stripes. Wing unpatterned; costal vein ratio 0.15; M vein ratio 0.5. Fore basitarsomere unadorned.

Abdomen: Tergites generally gray, unicolorous. 5th sternite U-shaped, arms of U elongate, forming pocket into which elongate aedeagus and surstyli lie. Male terminalia (Figures 12–15): Epandrium (Figure 12) well developed, inverted U-shaped, dorsum with notch; surstylus (Figures 12, 13) a long, digitiform, narrow, tubular process, length approximately 2.5 times longer than epandrium, parallel sided, apex broadly rounded, bearing numerous setulae, especially on apical third; aedeagus (Figure 13) long and very narrow, longer than surstylar length, apex with sclerotized and membranous flap folded back on itself, length about one-fourth to one-third length of aedeagus, base (Figure 14) bifurcate, V-shaped, anterobasal margin projected at connection with aedeagal apodeme; aedeagal apodeme (Figure 13) more or less L-shaped in lateral view, with lateral flanges from outer angle; hypandrium (Figure 13) in lateral view narrowly triangular, with median, anteroventral projection.

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype male is labeled “Wildwood N[ew] J[ersey]/ET Cresson Jr IX 18 1920 [18 Sep 1920, date handwritten]/1081/TYPE Glenanthe LITOREA E.T. Cresson, Jr. 6300 [deep purplish red label]/ANSP [pale yellow label].” The holotype is double mounted (glued to a paper point), is in poor condition (most of the thorax and abdomen are missing), and is deposited in the ANSP (6689). The allotype female bears the same locality and collecting data as the holotype. In the original publication, Cresson (1925:166) stated that he collected the type series “over [a] wet salt marsh.”

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—BAHAMAS. Cat Island: Bennetts Harbour, 24 Mar 1953, L. Giovannoli, E.B. Hayden (1, 2; USNM). Long Island: Deadman's Cay, 11 Mar 1953, E.B. Hayden (1; USNM). Rose Island: (4.8 km NE New Providence Island), 5 Apr 1953, E.B. Hayden (1; USNM). Rum Cay: (near Port Nelson), 16 Mar 1953, L. Giovannoli, E.B. Hayden (1; USNM). Turks and Caicos Islands: Grand Turk Island, 19 Feb 1953, E.B. Hayden, G.B. Rabb (2, 1; USNM). South Caicos Island, 11 Feb 1953, E.B. Hayden (4, 4; ANSP, USNM). West Caicos Island, 4 Feb 1953, L. Giovannoli, G.B. Rabb (1; USNM).

BELIZE. Belize District: Turneffe Islands: Blackbird Caye (17°19′N, 87°48′W), 27–30 Mar 1993, W.N. Mathis (6, 8; USNM); Rope Walk Cay (17°13′N, 87°51′W), 31 Mar 1993, W.N. Mathis (9, 8; USNM).

CANADA. New Brunswick: Richibucto (on tidal flat), 12 Jul 1977, J.R. Vockeroth (3; CNC).

UNITED STATES. Alabama: Mobile Co., Coden (30°23′N, 88°14′W), 13 May–15 Oct 1924, 1993, D. and W.N. Mathis, A.H. Sturtevant (12, 2; USNM, UTA). Connecticut: New Haven Co., Milford, Anchor Beach, Woodmont section, 5 Aug 1978, B. Steinly (1; USNM). Delaware: Sussex Co., Rehoboth, 25 Jun 1939, A.L. Melander (1 ; ANSP). Florida: Brevard Co., Merritt Island, 26 Jun 1953, M.R. Wheeler (5, 5; USNM, UTA). Dade Co., Big Pine Key, 9 May 1967, B.V. Peterson (1; CNC); Homestead, 4 Apr 1952, J.R. Vockeroth (2; CNC); Key Largo, 5–6 Dec 1961, J.G. Chillcott, G.P. Holland, E. Munroe (1; CNC). Gulf Co., St. Joseph State Park, 1–3 May 1970, W.W. Wirth (4, 1; USNM). Lee Co., Bonita Beach (seashore), 17 Apr 1970, W.W. Wirth (2; USNM); Ft. Myers (at black light), 16 Apr 1978 (1, 2; UMSP); Sanibel Island (Malaise trap, algal mat), 17 Apr–11 May 1973, 1989, D. and W.N. Mathis, W.W. Wirth (4, 9; USNM); Sanibel Island Causeway, 17 Apr 1989, D. and W.N. Mathis (1, 1; USNM). Monroe Co., Bahia Honda Key (seashore), 11 Apr 1970, W.W. Wirth (2, 6; USNM); Flamingo, 1–5 Dec 1961, J.G. Chillcott, G.P. Holland, E. Munroe (1; CNC); Stock Island, 26 Dec 1954, H.V. Weems, Jr. (1; USNM). Massachusetts: Barnstable Co., Eastham, 10 Sep 1987, J.R. Vockeroth (7, 7; CNC); East Sandwich (beach), 10 Aug 1978, B. Steinly (1; USNM); Falmouth Heights, 6 Aug 1918, A.H. Sturtevant (1, 2; USNM); North Falmouth, 1 Aug 1923, A.H. Sturtevant (1, 2; USNM, UTA); Woods Hole, Aug 1916, 1923, A.H. Sturtevant (2, 4; USNM, UTA). Dukes Co., Naushon Island, 16 Jul 1922, A.H. Sturtevant (1; USNM); Nonomesset Island, 28 Jul 1923, A.H. Sturtevant (3, 3; USNM); Pasque Island, 15 Aug 1952, A.H. Sturtevant (1; USNM). Essex Co., Gloucester, 20 Jun 1924, C.W. Johnson (1; ANSP). New Jersey: Cape May Co., Wildwood, 18 Sep 1920, E.T. Cresson, Jr. (14, 16; paratypes; ANSP, USNM, WSU). Monmouth Co., Waterwitch, 5 Jun 1937, A.L. Melander (1; USNM). Ocean Co., Tuckerton, 20 Aug 1975, M.J. Raupp (2; USNM). New York: Suffolk Co., Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor (1, 1; ANSP, USNM). Oak Bi, Jul (1;ANSP).

North Carolina: Dare Co., Nags Head, 15 May 1954, W.W. Wirth (2 , 2; USNM). Texas: Aransas Co., Aransas Refuge, 22 Apr 1956, Jones, W.W. Wirth (15, 18; USNM); Padre Island (near Port Aransas), 23 Mar 1965, J.G. Chillcott (3, 6; CNC); Salt Creek, 5 Jun 1953, M.R. Wheeler (1; UTA). Cameron Co., Bayside (seashore), 25 Jan 1969, J. and J. Tenorio (2; USNM); Port Isabel, 23 Mar 1951, M.R. Wheeler (1, 3; UTA); San Benito, 23 Mar 1951, M.R. Wheeler (1, 1; UTA). Calhoun Co., Indianola, 28 Apr 1951, M.R. Wheeler (1, 4; UTA). Galveston Co., Galveston Island (29°10′N, 95°05′W), 11 Apr–14 May 1952, 1993, D. and W.N. Mathis, M.R. Wheeler (4, 4; USNM, UTA). Kleberg Co., Riviera Beach, 23 Mar–9 Jun 1936, 1951, R.H. Painter, M.R. Wheeler (2, 6; ANSP, USNM, UTA). San Patricio Co., Sinton, 23 Mar 1951, M.R. Wheeler (1; UTA). Virginia: Accomack Co., Assateague Island, 24 Jun–15 Aug 1967, 1969, G.C. Steyskal (9, 12; USNM).

West Indies. ANGUILLA: Prickly Pear Cay (east, north side, 18°16.17′N, 63°10.5′W), 30 Mar 1992, W.E. Steiner, J.M. Swearingen (1; USNM); Sandy Ground (18°12.2′N, 63°05.5′W), 24–30 Mar 1992, S.E. Steiner, J.M. Swearingen (64, 26; USNM). DOMINICA: Grande Savane, 20 Mar 1965, W.W. Wirth (14, 15; USNM). JAMAICA: Falmouth (bay shore), 1 Mar 1969, W.W. Wirth (7, 6; USNM). Milk River Bath (mangrove), 11 Mar 1970, T. Farr, W.W. Wirth (6, 4; USNM). Point Henderson (bay shore), 24 Feb 1969, W.W. Wirth (1; USNM). Savanna La Mar (mangrove), 13 Mar 1970, W.W. Wirth (4; USNM).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 16).—Coastal. Nearctic: North America. Canada (NB), United States (AL, CT, DE, FL, MA, NC, NJ, NY, TX, VA). Neotropical: Central America (Belize), West Indies (Anguilla, Dominica, Jamaica).

NATURAL HISTORY.—All records of this species are from seashores, sometimes associated with mangroves in more tropical zones.

Glenanthe litorea Cresson

Glenanthe litorea Cresson, 1925a:166; 1942:107 [review].—Sturtevant and Wheeler, 1954:249 [review].—Wirth, 1965:737 [Nearctic catalog]; 1968:6 [Neotropical catalog].—Mathis, 1995a:9–12 [revision].

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—BELIZE. Belize District: Turneffe Islands: Blackbird Caye (17°19′N, 87°48′W), Mar 1993, W.N. Mathis (6, 8); Rope Walk Cay (17° 13′N, 87°51′W), Mar 1993, W.N. Mathis (9, 8).

DISTRIBUTION.—Nearctic: Canada (NB), USA (CT, DE, MA, NJ, NY, TX). Neotropical: Bahamas, Belize, El Salvador, Panama, West Indies (Anguilla, Grand Cayman).

DIAGNOSIS.—This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: wing unpatterned; palpus blackish brown; antenna mostly dark, black, first flagellomere blackish brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, and alar area lacking a gray stripe; forebasitarsomere of male unadorned; abdomen densely microtomentose, gray.

Lipochaeta Coquillett, 1896:220 [type species: Lipochaeta slossonae Coquillett, 1896, by original designation].

Saltmarshes.