Higher Termites

Figures 1–4.Acangaobitermes krishnai gen. et sp. n. 1 soldier head and pronotum in dorsal and profile view 2 soldier coxa in frontal view (arrow: keel shape projection) 3 worker mandibles 4 worker digestive tube in situ, a: dorsal view, b: right view, c: ventral view, d: left view and e: paunch in left view. MT= Mesenteric tongue; P1= first proctodeal segment (ileum); P3a and b = third proctodeal segment (paunch); P4a= first part of fourth proctodeal segment (colon).

Figures 1–2.Genuotermes spinifer: Soldier mandibles in ventral view (mentum and maxillae removed): 1 Distance from the first marginal teeth to the apex (black arrow) and the cross length of mandible (white arrow) 2 Detail of the molar plate and prominence (arrows).

Figures 5–6.Acangaobitermes krishnai gen. et sp. n. 5 worker molar plate 6 enteric valve armature.

Figures 3–5.Genuotermes spinifer imago, female: 3 Dorsal view of head 4 Profile view of head 5 Pronotum and posterior margins in dorsal view.

Figure 7.Acangaobitermes krishnai gen. et sp. n. Soldier head in dorsal view (Arrows: saliencies on latero-posterior margins).

Figures 6–9.Genuotermes spinifer: Soldier morphological variations, dorsal view: 6 Fordlândia, PA (MZUSP-8383) 7 Chapada dos Guimarães, MT (MZUSP-6615) 8 Serra do Roncador, MT (MZUSP-7400) 9 UHE Santo Antônio (Módulo de Jirau), RO (MZUSP-16354).

Figure 8.Acangaobitermes krishnai gen. et sp. n. Detail of the microsculputure of the soldier head capsule.

Figures 10–13.Genuotermes spinifer: Soldier morphological variations, profile: 10 Fordlândia, PA (MZUSP-8383) 11 Chapada dos Guimarães, MT (MZUSP-6615) 12 Serra do Roncador, MT (MZUSP-7400) 13 UHE Santo Antônio (Módulo de Jirau), RO (MZUSP-16354).

Figure 9.Geographic distribution of Acangaobitermes krishnai, gen. et sp. n.

Figures 14–19.14–17 Genuotermes spinifer worker gut in situ. 14 Dorsal 15 Right 16 Ventral 17 Left (MT = mesenteric tongue; P1 = first proctodeal segment (ileum); P3a and b = third proctodeal segment (paunch); P4a = first part of fourth proctodeal segment (colon) 18 Malpighian tubules insertion 19 Worker mandibles, dorsal view.

Figures 1–3.Soldiers of Hospitalitermes krishnai sp. n. Head in dorsal view 1, head in profile 2, and pronotum 3. Scale bar: 0.3 mm 1, 2, 0.2 mm 3.

Figures 20–21.Genuotermes spinifer worker gizzard: 20 Columnar and pulvillar belts 21 Detail of ornamentation on the columns.

Figures 4–6.Hospitalitermes krishnai sp. n. Soldier 4 and workers 5–6. Habitus in profile 4, left 5 and right 6 mandibles. Scale bar: 0.5 mm 4, 0.1 mm 5–6.

Figures 22–23.Genuotermes spinifer worker enteric valve: 22 Arrangement of the cushions 23 Detail of the cushions.

Figure 7.Soldiers and workers of Hospitalitermes krishnai sp. n are in processional column on forest floor. Workers are carrying food-balls and returning to the nest. Photo taken by Syaukani (2007).

Figures 1–2.Genuotermes spinifer: Soldier mandibles in ventral view (mentum and maxillae removed): 1 Distance from the first marginal teeth to the apex (black arrow) and the cross length of mandible (white arrow) 2 Detail of the molar plate and prominence (arrows).

Figure 1.Photomicrographs of Cambay amber (Early Eocene) termites. A Nanotermes isaacae Engel & Grimaldi, gen. et sp. n., holotype (Termitidae: Tad-262) B Parastylotermes krishnai Engel & Grimaldi, sp. n., holotype (Stylotermitidae: Tad-277) C Zophotermes ashoki Engel & Singh, sp. n., holotype (Rhinotermitidae: Tad–42). Not to the same scale.

Figure 24.Geographic records of Genuotermes spinifer from type-locality (black square), material examined from MZUSP (black circle), and samples deposited at INPA, MPEG and UnB.

Figure 7.Details of Nanotermes isaacae Engel & Grimaldi, gen. et sp. n. (Tad-262). A Head (as preserved, showing preservational distortion), pronotum, and base of right forewing B Protarsus, pro-pretarsus, and extreme apex of protibia C Metatarsus, meta-pretarsus, and extreme apex of metatibia D Forewing (reconstructed from both wings). Detail enlargements in B and C not to same scale.

Figures 1–7.Sinqasapatermes sachae 1 soldier head in dorsal view 2 soldier head in profile 3 worker head in dorsal view 4 worker head in profile 5 worker left mandible in dorsal view 6 worker right mandible, showing molar plate in frontal view 7 worker right mandible in dorsal view.

Figures 8–15.Sinqasapatermes sachae. 8–11 worker gut in situ respectively from dorsal, right, ventral and left views 12–13 Malpighian tubules attachment 14 worker enteric valve armature 15 scheme of worker enteric valve configuration. C crop G gizzard M mesenteron, stippled P1 first proctodeal segment P2 enteric valve P3 paunch P4 colon P5 rectum TM Malpighian tubules.