Kardinal - Sərçəkimilər dəstəsindən quş cinsi.
Cardinalidae a zo ur c'herentiad e rummatadur an evned, termenet e 1901 gant an evnoniour stadunanat Robert Ridgway (1850-1929)[1], a vev e Norzh, Kreiz ha Suamerika.
Diouzh Doare 8.1 an IOC World Bird List[2] ez a pevarzek genad golvaneged d'ober ar c'herentiad :
Cardinalidae a zo ur c'herentiad e rummatadur an evned, termenet e 1901 gant an evnoniour stadunanat Robert Ridgway (1850-1929), a vev e Norzh, Kreiz ha Suamerika.
Diouzh Doare 8.1 an IOC World Bird List ez a pevarzek genad golvaneged d'ober ar c'herentiad :
Els Cardinàlids (Cardinalidae) són una família d'ocells de l'ordre dels passeriformes que habiten Amèrica del Nord i del Sud. Els cardenals d'Amèrica del Sud del gènere Paroaria se situen en una altra família: Thraupidae. Antany es classificaven als Emberizidae.
Són ocells granívors robusts i amb forts becs. Els membres de la família poden fer una mida de 12 - 25 cm de llargària i un pes de 12 - 85 gr. Sol existir un patent dimorfisme sexual. El nom de la família té l'origen en els color vermell del plomatge del mascle de l'espècie tipus, Cardinalis cardinalis, semblant al color de les vestidures dels cardenals catòlics.
Típicament associats amb boscos oberts d'ambdues Amèriques.
Segons la classificació del Congrés Ornitològic Internacional (versió 3.5, 2013), aquesta família conté 16 gèneres amb 68 espècies:
Els Cardinàlids (Cardinalidae) són una família d'ocells de l'ordre dels passeriformes que habiten Amèrica del Nord i del Sud. Els cardenals d'Amèrica del Sud del gènere Paroaria se situen en una altra família: Thraupidae. Antany es classificaven als Emberizidae.
Grŵp a theulu o adar ydy'r Cardinalinae neu'r Cardinaliaid.[1] Mae'r teulu hwn o adar o fewn yr urdd Passeriformes.[2][3] Daw'r enw o liw clogyn cardinal eglwysig a bedyddiwyd y teulu'n 'gardinaliaid' gan yr ymfudwyr oherwydd lliw ply crib y ceiliog, gwryw - yr un lliw a'r bireta'r cardinal Pabyddol.[4]
Yr Americas yw tiriogaeth yr adar hyn, sy'n byw ar hadau. Mae ganddyn nhw bigau hir a chryf ac mae nhw'n amrywio o ran maint: y lleiaf yw'r Bras bron oren sydd rhwng 12-cm (4.7-modf), 11.5-g (0.40-owns) ac un o'r mwyaf ydy'r Dawnsiwr penddu sy'n 25-cm (9.8-modf), 85-g (2.99-owns). Coetiroedd yw eu cynefin arferol.
Rhestr Wicidata:
teulu enw tacson delwedd Bras America Spiza americana Tewbig coch a du Periporphyrus erythromelas_-_Emberizidae_-_bird_skin_specimen.jpeg)
Kardinálovití (Cardinalidae) jsou čeleď amerických pěvců z podřádu zpěvní. Jejím nejznámějším rodem je kardinál (Cardinalis). Je třeba si dát pozor na rod Paroaria, kterému se sice v angličtině i češtině (a řadě dalších jazyků) rovněž říká kardinál, ale do čeledi kardinálovitých nepatří.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu kardinálovití ve Wikimedia Commons
Kardinálovití (Cardinalidae) jsou čeleď amerických pěvců z podřádu zpěvní. Jejím nejznámějším rodem je kardinál (Cardinalis). Je třeba si dát pozor na rod Paroaria, kterému se sice v angličtině i češtině (a řadě dalších jazyků) rovněž říká kardinál, ale do čeledi kardinálovitých nepatří.
Die Kardinäle (Cardinalidae) sind eine Vogelfamilie aus der Ordnung der Sperlingsvögel (Passeriformes). Die Familie enthält nach heutigem Stand (2018) 14 Gattungen und 53 Arten.[1]
Sie sind nahe mit den Tangaren (Thraupidae) und etwas entfernter auch mit den Finken (Fringillidae) und den Ammern (Emberizidae) verwandt. Die Kardinäle wurden früher auch als Unterfamilie oder Tribus der letzteren angesehen. Von manchen Autoren wurden alle eben genannten Familien zu den Finken gestellt. Umfangreiche phylogenetische Untersuchungen haben in letzter Zeit zu größeren Änderungen der Zusammensetzung der Familie Cardinalidae und verwandter Familien geführt, die Zusammensetzung damit aber auch auf eine wissenschaftlich gesichertere Basis gestellt.[2]
Ihren Namen haben die Kardinäle von der Farbe Kardinalrot, einem Farbton der insbesondere im Gefieder des Männchens der Typusart, dem Rotkardinal, vorherrschend ist.
Die Kardinäle sind finken- bis starengroße, durch leuchtend rotes, gelbes oder blaues Gefieder besonders gekennzeichnete Vögel. Die Geschlechter unterscheiden sich in der Regel durch unterschiedliche Färbung des Gefieders. Alle Arten besitzen einen kräftigen, kegelförmigen Schnabel.
Sie leben vorwiegend in buschreichen Landschaften und in Waldgebieten Nord- und Südamerikas.
Die Kardinäle ernähren sich überwiegend von Samen.
Die Systematik der Familie variiert in der Literatur je nach Autor sehr stark. So werden die Gattungen Cyanoloxia, Cyanocompsa, Guiraca und Passerina in manchen Systematiken in unterschiedlicher Konstellation zur Gattung Passerina vereint. Wegen dieser Unklarheiten wurde unter anderem der Ultramarinbischof, hier Cyanocompsa brissonii, vorsichtshalber umbenannt. Der ursprünglich gültige Name Cyanocompsa cyanea führt bei einem Zusammenschluss der Gattungen Cyanocompsa und Passerina zu einer doppeldeutigen Bezeichnung Passerina cyanea. Da der Indigofink aufgrund der früher erfolgten Benennung Vorrang hat, müsste beim Zusammenschluss der Gattungen das alte Taxon Cyanocompsa cyanea geändert werden. Um bis zu einer endgültigen Klärung der Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen dennoch Eindeutigkeit sicherzustellen, wurde das Taxon Cyanocompsa cyanea in Cyanocompsa brissonii umbenannt.
Einige Gattungen wurden aufgrund der Ergebnisse neuerer molekulargenetischer Untersuchungen[2] aus der Familie ausgegliedert und werden nun den Tangaren zugeordnet. Andere Gattungen sind wiederum aus dieser Familien in die Kardinäle aufgenommen worden. Die folgende Liste enthält die Gattungen und Arten, die zurzeit (2018) der Familie durch die IOU zugerechnet werden.[1]
Aus der Familie der Tangaren wurden folgende Gattungen in die Familie der Kardinäle eingegliedert:
Vormals nicht eindeutig zugeordnet (incertae sedis) und nun in dieser Familie:
Nicht mehr zu den Kardinälen, sondern zu den Tangaren, gehören die Gattungen Parkerthraustes mit einer Art, der Gelbschultertangare (Parkerthraustes humeralis), die Saltatoren (Saltator) mit 13 Arten, u. a. der Maskensaltator (Saltator cinctus), und Pitylus mit einer Art, dem Papageischnabelsaltator (Pitylus fuliginosus).
Die Kardinäle (Cardinalidae) sind eine Vogelfamilie aus der Ordnung der Sperlingsvögel (Passeriformes). Die Familie enthält nach heutigem Stand (2018) 14 Gattungen und 53 Arten.
Sie sind nahe mit den Tangaren (Thraupidae) und etwas entfernter auch mit den Finken (Fringillidae) und den Ammern (Emberizidae) verwandt. Die Kardinäle wurden früher auch als Unterfamilie oder Tribus der letzteren angesehen. Von manchen Autoren wurden alle eben genannten Familien zu den Finken gestellt. Umfangreiche phylogenetische Untersuchungen haben in letzter Zeit zu größeren Änderungen der Zusammensetzung der Familie Cardinalidae und verwandter Familien geführt, die Zusammensetzung damit aber auch auf eine wissenschaftlich gesichertere Basis gestellt.
Ihren Namen haben die Kardinäle von der Farbe Kardinalrot, einem Farbton der insbesondere im Gefieder des Männchens der Typusart, dem Rotkardinal, vorherrschend ist.
கர்தினால் (Cardinals) என்பது தென் அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் வட அமெரிக்காவில் காணப்படும் கர்டினாலிடே குடும்ப பசெரின் பறவையாகும். இப்பறவைகள் கொட்டைகளை உடைத்துத் தின்னத் தக்க உறுதியான அலகுகளைப் பெற்றுள்ளன.
கர்தினால் (Cardinals) என்பது தென் அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் வட அமெரிக்காவில் காணப்படும் கர்டினாலிடே குடும்ப பசெரின் பறவையாகும். இப்பறவைகள் கொட்டைகளை உடைத்துத் தின்னத் தக்க உறுதியான அலகுகளைப் பெற்றுள்ளன.
Cardinalidae (often referred to as the "cardinal-grosbeaks" or simply the "cardinals") is a family of New World-endemic passerine birds that consists of cardinals, grosbeaks, and buntings. It also includes several birds such as the tanager-like Piranga and the warbler-like Granatellus. As such, membership of this group is not easily defined by a single or even a set of physical characteristics, but instead by molecular work. In general they are medium to large songbirds with stout features, some with large heavy bills.
Members of this group are beloved for their brilliant red, yellow, or blue plumages seen in many of the breeding males in this family. Most species are monogamous breeders that nest in open-cup nests, with many taking turn incubating the nest and taking care of their young. Most are arboreal species though the dickcissel is a ground-dwelling prairie bird.
In terms of conservation, most members of this family are considered least concern by the IUCN Red List, though a few, such as the Carrizal seedeater and black-cheeked ant tanager, are listed as critically endangered and endangered, respectively.
The grosbeaks, seedeaters, and cardinals have large bills, while Granatellus and buntings have small bills. The cardinalid tanagers have stout, near pointed bills, with some species of Piranga having serrations along the edge of their upper bills.[1] This bill shape is not always an indicator of relationships, as the various species of blue cardinalid species, like the blue grosbeak and Cyanoloxia grosbeaks are related to the buntings. Similarly the cardinalid tanagers are closer to the cardinals and masked grosbeaks (see more in the systematics section). The head is medium to large in size, with a medium neck length. The body of cardinalids ranges from small to medium with lengths of 4.5 to 11 in (11 to 28 cm). Legs are also short to medium in length. The wings are medium and pointed. Cardinalids have nine visible primary feathers with the tenth primary feather being short in comparison.[2][3][4] The plumages in cardinalids are sexually dichromatic as many males of various species display bright reds, oranges, blues or blacks. In most temperate species males will undergo molting between seasons so that non-breeding males will either resemble the females of their species or in-between the two. These species such as the indigo bunting will exhibit a complex molt cycle where they go through four different stages of plumage coverage within their first year of life. In the spring to summer birds start with juvenile plumage to supplemental plumage, then to a first basic (nonbreeding) plumage in the fall to winter and finally the first alternate (breeding) plumage. Adults will typically have the basic two molt cycle from alternate to basic or partial (late summer or fall) to back again in the spring. Males of tropical species will have the same coloration year-round. Females of all species are either drabber in coloration by comparison, either a lighter coloration of the males, with oranges, greens or yellows. The molting pattern in most cardinalids exhibits delayed plumage maturation, so that often the first- year male birds would be in non-breeding plumage or at an intermediate stage.[2] The molting pattern in cardinalids is divided into two types. A preformative molt is a partial molt where only the body feathers get replaced, but not the wing and tail feathers, which is seen in a lot of temperate and neotropical species. The second type is an eccentric preformative molt when only the outer primary and inner secondaries are replaced. This molt is seen in some species of Cyanoloxia and Passerina.[5][6]
Traditionally members of this group were classified as a tribe of the finch family Fringillidae (Cardinalini) characterized by heavy, conical, seed-crushing bills. The group consisted of the genera Pheucticus, Parkerthraustes, Saltator, Spiza, Cyanocompsa, Cyanoloxia, Porphyrospiza, Passerina, Caryothraustes, Periporphyrus, Rhodothraupis, and Cardinalis. The issue that taxonomists had faced, however, was there was no unifying morphological traits that were congruent in various studies.[7] In 2007 a mitochondrial DNA study by Klicka, Burns and Spellman sampling all of the aforementioned genera and 34 of the 42 species found that the genera Parkerthraustes, Saltator, and Porphyrospiza were not members of the cardinal-lineage, but instead are found throughout in the tanager-lineage (Thraupidae). Interestingly enough the genera classified as thraupids at the time, Piranga, Habia, Chlorothraupis, and Amaurospiza, are found to be part of cardinalid radiation. In addition the genus Granatellus, originally classified as a parulid warbler, are also found to be part of Cardinalidae.[8] The authors have found that with this new relationship Cardinalidae can be classified into five subgroups, which have been supported by subsequent studies. The five subclades consists of the Habia lineage (Habia and Chlorothraupis), the “masked” lineage (Piranga, Caryothraustes, Periporphyrus, Rhodothraupis, and Cardinalis), the Granatellus lineage, the “blue” lineage (Cyanocompsa, Amaurospiza, Cyanoloxia, Passerina, and Spiza), and the Pheucticus lineage.[8] These subclades and membership of these genera have been widely supported in subsequent studies.[9][10] In a 2021 paper by Guallar et al. found based on the preformative molting pattern of cardinalids suggested the ancestor of this group was a forest-dwelling bird that dispersed into open habitats on numerous occasions.[6]
The cardinalids are part of a larger grouping of American endemic songbirds, Emberizoidea, which also includes the aforementioned thraupids and parulids, as well as icterids (New World blackbirds), passerellids (New World sparrows), and several families that contain one or a couple of genera. Several studies have placed cardinalids as either the sister group to Thraupidae,[9] Mitrospingidae (a small family whose genera were formerly classified as thraupids),[11] or the sister to a clade containing thraupids and mitrospingids.[10] At least one study suggested that cardinalids could treated as a subfamily of Thraupidae.[12]
Phylogeny of the cardinalid genera after Klicka et al. (2007).[8]
CardinalidaeChlorothraupis – 4 species (tanagers)
Habia – 5 species (tanagers)
Piranga – 11 species (tanagers)
Cardinalis – 3 species (cardinals + pyrrhuloxia)
Caryothraustes – 2 species (grosbeaks)
Rhodothraupis – crimson-collared grosbeak
Periporphyrus – red-and-black grosbeak
Pheucticus – 6 species (grosbeaks)
Granatellus – 3 species (chats)
Spiza – dickcissel
Passerina – 7 species (buntings and blue grosbeak)
Cyanocompsa – blue bunting
Amaurospiza – 4 species (seedeaters)
Cyanoloxia – 4 species (grossbeaks)
These 53 species and 14 genera are recognized by the IOC as of January 2023:[13]
The cardinalids can be found from Canada to northern Argentina and Uruguay, with Central America having the most concentrated amount of species. Species are found year-around in the Central United States and the Eastern United States down to the neotropics. Cardinalids found in the West Indies are non-breeding migrants and those in the Western United States and Canada are breeding migrants.[3] The western tanager is the northernmost species in the family, with their breeding ranges occurring in the southern portions of the Northwest Territories. The northern cardinal has been introduced in Hawaii and Bermuda. They occupy a variety of habitats from forests to grassland and arid scrubland. Most North American cardinalid species migrate south for the winter, whether further south in the continent or extending into the neotropics, except the northern cardinal and pyrrhuloxia which stay year-round. The neotropical species are residential year-round in their range.[2]
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Cardinals, the dickcissel, seedeaters, buntings, and grosbeaks have the thicker, seed-crushing bills that enabled them to feed heavily on fruits and seeds outside of the breeding season (especially in the winter for northern species like the aforementioned dickcissel and northern cardinal). Once their breeding season begins, members of this group will supplement themselves with invertebrate prey, vital when raising their young and refueling their energetic costs of reproduction and other daily activities. The genera Chlorothraupis, Habia, Piranga, and Granatellus have slightly longer and less deep bills, which their diet mostly consists of insects, fruit, nectar and sap, less so on seeds.[4] Cardinalids typically forage alone low level or on the ground, though some like Piranga and grosbeaks will forage high in the tree canopy. Many will come to birdfeeders especially during the winter.[2]
Nearly all cardinalids are monogamous breeders and are highly territorial. Despite being monogamous this is only during the breeding season, and each year the birds might partner up with a different bird. The only exception is the dickcissel which is a polygynous species which nest in dense grasses and sedges. Other non-monogamous species include the lazuli and painted buntings which perform extra-copulation with multiple partners. The family is known for their intense brilliant songs. In some species like the lazuli bunting and indigo bunting the bird learn singing by match-based, meaning that first year breeding males will learn by copying the songs of nearby males, as opposed of learning it while they are in the nest. Even more unusual is the females of a few species, such as the scarlet tanager,[1] northern cardinal, pyrrhuloxia, and black-headed grosbeak, which sing as well. In temperate species the breeding season is occurs annual while in tropical species it is year-around. The breeding seasons is in sync with the abundance of insects. Most species build open-cup nests made of grasses and twigs depending on the species. These nests would be in the trees, often high up in the crown. The nest building is done by both partners or by the female alone. The male and female take turns incubating the nest, often the male would feed the female.[2] In a clutch on average there are 1 to 6 six eggs, with tropical species laying the fewest.[14] Cardinalids produce one to three broods per season. As with other passerines, the young are born altricial and fledged between one and two weeks.[14]
As of 2021, the IUCN Red List has nearly 82 percent of cardinalids to be least concern. However, there are a handful of species that are of conservation concern. The rose-bellied bunting is an endemic near-threatened species as they are found in a small area of Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico; the black-cheeked ant-tanager is another endemic species found in Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica and the carrizal seedeater a critically endangered species found in the spiny bamboo thickets in the understory of deciduous forest in a remote southeastern corner of Venezuela. All of these species are threatened with habitat loss and the confinement within their much smaller range. The IUCN has not yet reevaluate the other species of seedeaters in the genus Amaurospiza.[4]
Despite the vast majority of species being classified as least concern, there has been a growing concern in how the ongoing climate crisis will affect the distribution and migration of many species across the globe. One study led by Dr. Brooke L. Bateman published in July 2020 focused on the risk North American birds will face from climate change and the measures needed to protect them. The first study assessed 604 species from the United States found that if the planet warmed by 3.0 degrees Celsius many species, especially arctic birds, waterbirds, and boreal and western forest birds, will be highly vulnerable to climate change and future conservation efforts will need to be in place.[15] Among the species sampled, the North American species of Piranga and Pheucticus are found to be most climate vulnerable of the cardinalids.[16] These species will either lose some substantial amount of their range or they will migrate up north to escape the sudden change in their habitat.
A possible extinct species is the controversial Townsend's bunting, a supposed enigmatic species related to the dickcissel. The Townsend's bunting is only known from a single type specimen collected from Chester County, Pennsylvania by John Kirk Townsend and described by John James Audubon in 1834. The specimen is housed in the National Museum of Natural History. Genetic work has not been done on this bird, but observation of the plumage has been done. The controversy stems from the uncertainty from authors whether the bird is an extinct species, a rare color-variant of the dickcissel, or a hybrid female dickcissel and male blue grosbeak. If the bird is indeed simply a dickcissel it lacks any of the known field characteristics seen in the species in all life stages and sexes.[17]
Cardinalidae (often referred to as the "cardinal-grosbeaks" or simply the "cardinals") is a family of New World-endemic passerine birds that consists of cardinals, grosbeaks, and buntings. It also includes several birds such as the tanager-like Piranga and the warbler-like Granatellus. As such, membership of this group is not easily defined by a single or even a set of physical characteristics, but instead by molecular work. In general they are medium to large songbirds with stout features, some with large heavy bills.
Members of this group are beloved for their brilliant red, yellow, or blue plumages seen in many of the breeding males in this family. Most species are monogamous breeders that nest in open-cup nests, with many taking turn incubating the nest and taking care of their young. Most are arboreal species though the dickcissel is a ground-dwelling prairie bird.
In terms of conservation, most members of this family are considered least concern by the IUCN Red List, though a few, such as the Carrizal seedeater and black-cheeked ant tanager, are listed as critically endangered and endangered, respectively.
La Kardinaledoj (Cardinalidae) estas birda familio el la ordo de la Paseroformaj birdoj (Passeriformes).
La Kardinaledoj (Cardinalidae) estas birda familio el la ordo de la Paseroformaj birdoj (Passeriformes).
Los cardinálidos (Cardinalidae) son una familia de aves del orden Passeriformes que habita en Norte y Sudamérica. Las especies sudamericanas del género Paroaria no se incluyen en esta familia sino en Thraupidae.
Los miembros de esta familia son robustos pájaros comedores de semillas. Se asocian típicamente a los bosques abiertos. Los sexos suelen tener apariencias distintas. Se aparean temprano en la primavera. Sus nidos son de entramado suelto construidos sobre arbustos altos como madreselvas y rosales. Sus dietas incluyen semillas y frutos pequeños.
La familia es nombrada así por el color del plumaje de los machos de la especie tipo, Cardinalis cardinalis, que recuerda el color rojo de la vestimenta de los cardenales católicos.
Familia: Cardinalidae
Otros géneros que podrían pertenecer a esta familia:
Un trabajo en proceso de publicación (Klicka et al.) propone una redefinición del grupo Cardinalidae consistente en cinco clados bien definidos:
Además se muestra en este estudio que otros géneros tradicionalmente ubicados en este grupo (Porphyrospiza, Parkerthraustes, y Saltator) tienen afinidad con otras familias.
Hembra de Cardinalis cardinalis
Macho de Cardinalis sinuatus
Macho de Pheucticus ludovicianus
Macho de Passerina amoena
Macho de Piranga rubra
Los cardinálidos (Cardinalidae) son una familia de aves del orden Passeriformes que habita en Norte y Sudamérica. Las especies sudamericanas del género Paroaria no se incluyen en esta familia sino en Thraupidae.
Los miembros de esta familia son robustos pájaros comedores de semillas. Se asocian típicamente a los bosques abiertos. Los sexos suelen tener apariencias distintas. Se aparean temprano en la primavera. Sus nidos son de entramado suelto construidos sobre arbustos altos como madreselvas y rosales. Sus dietas incluyen semillas y frutos pequeños.
La familia es nombrada así por el color del plumaje de los machos de la especie tipo, Cardinalis cardinalis, que recuerda el color rojo de la vestimenta de los cardenales católicos.
Kardinaalit (Cardinalidae) on luokittelutavasta riippuen yhdestätoista kolmeentoista suvun muodostama Uuden mantereen lintuheimo varpuslintujen lahkossa. Sitä pidettiin aiemmin sirkkujen heimon alaheimona Cardinalinae.[1] BirdLife Suomen luokituksen mukaan heimossa on 11 sukua ja 48 lajia[2].
Heimon nimilaji punakardinaali (Cardinalis cardinalis) on yleinen, Kanadan Quebecista Guatemalaan ulottuvalla alueella esiintyvä jykevänokkainen lintu.
Kardinaalit (Cardinalidae) on luokittelutavasta riippuen yhdestätoista kolmeentoista suvun muodostama Uuden mantereen lintuheimo varpuslintujen lahkossa. Sitä pidettiin aiemmin sirkkujen heimon alaheimona Cardinalinae. BirdLife Suomen luokituksen mukaan heimossa on 11 sukua ja 48 lajia.
Heimon nimilaji punakardinaali (Cardinalis cardinalis) on yleinen, Kanadan Quebecista Guatemalaan ulottuvalla alueella esiintyvä jykevänokkainen lintu.
Les Cardinalidae (ou Cardinalidés) sont une famille de passereaux dont la taxinomie est encore très incertaine.
Ce sont des oiseaux granivores qui vivent dans les forêts denses ou clairsemées d’Amérique du Nord et du Sud. La couleur du plumage est habituellement différente selon le sexe. La famille doit son nom à la couleur rouge du mâle de l'espèce type, le cardinal rouge (Cardinalis cardinalis), qui rappelle les vêtements rouges des cardinaux catholiques.
D'après la classification de référence (version 5.2, 2015) du Congrès ornithologique international (ordre phylogénique) :
Les Cardinalidae (ou Cardinalidés) sont une famille de passereaux dont la taxinomie est encore très incertaine.
Dhá speiceas atá dúchasach do Mheiriceá: an t-éan cairdinéalach dúscarlóideach, agus an t-éan cairdinéalach flanndearg, a bhfuil an fireannach dúscárlóideach.
I Cardinalidi (Cardinalidae Ridgway, 1901) sono una famiglia di uccelli passeriformi diffusa in America.[1]
Gli appartenenti a questa famiglia sono passeriformi di dimensioni medio-piccole (dai 12 cm e 11,5 g di peso dello zigolo dal petto arancio ai 25 cm e 85 g del saltatore testanera), spesso dai colori sgargianti e dal marcato dimorfismo sessuale.
Principalmente granivori e abitatori delle aree boschive.
La famiglia è strettamente imparentata con quella dei Parulidi e dei Thraupidi, famiglia questa con la quale i rapporti filogenetici non sono stati ancora del tutto chiariti: spesso specie di cardinalidi vengono spostate in questa famiglia e viceversa[2].
Secondo il Congresso Ornitologico Internazionale (2018) la famiglia comprende i seguenti generi e specie:[1]
I generi Saltator e Parkerthraustes, in precedenza inclusi in questa famiglia, sono attualmente inquadrati tra i Thraupidi.[3]
I Cardinalidi (Cardinalidae Ridgway, 1901) sono una famiglia di uccelli passeriformi diffusa in America.
Kardinoliniai (lot. Cardinalidae) - žvirblinių paukščių (Passeriformes) šeima.
Būdingas lytinis dimorfizmas. Pavadinta dėl raudonos spalvos plunksnų apdaro. Turi tvirtą snapą. Kūno ilgis - 12-25 cm, svoris - 11,5-85 g.
Gyvena miškuose.
Lizdą suka medžiuose.
Minta sėklomis, vaisiais ir vabzdžiais.
Paplitę Pietų ir Šiaurės Amerikoje.
Kardinoliniai (lot. Cardinalidae) - žvirblinių paukščių (Passeriformes) šeima.
De kardinaalachtigen (Cardinalidae) zijn een familie uit de orde zangvogels.
Het zijn robuust uitziende, zaadetende vogels met dikke, sterke snavels. Soorten uit deze familie variëren in lengte tussen de 12 cm bij de regenbooggors (Passerina leclancherii) tot de 25 cm bij de zwartkopsaltator (Saltator atriceps). De seksen verschillen sterk in uiterlijk. De familie heet naar de soorten uit het geslacht Cardinalis, waarbij de mannetjes prachtig roodgekleurd zijn; dezelfde kleur als het gewaad van een kardinaal.
Deze vogels komen voor in Noord- en Zuid-Amerika. Ze komen doorgaans voor in open bosgebieden.
Rode granaatzanger (Granatellus venustus)
Deze familie is het nauwst verwant aan de Thraupidae en behoort tot een clade (Passeroidea) met veel meer zaadetende vogels zoals gorzen en vinkachtigen. De familie telt meer dan 50 soorten.[1]
De kardinaalachtigen (Cardinalidae) zijn een familie uit de orde zangvogels.
Kardinalar, kardinalfamilien, er ein familie, Cardinalidae, med habitat i Amerika. Fuglane er robuste, frøetande fuglar, med kraftige nebb. Oftast kan dei sjåast i opent skoglandskap. Kjønna har som regel ulike utsjånadar. Gruppa har fått namn etter arten raudkardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) med sin raude drakt, som kappa til kardinalar.
Dette robuste, frøetande sporvefuglar med kraftige nebb. Vanlegvis er dei knytt til open skogsterreng. Mange artar syner kjønnsdimorfisme i fjørdrakta. Raudkardinal fekk namn etter den raude fjørtoppen som minnar om ein mitra til ein katolsk kardinal.[1]
Dei fleste artane er vurderte til å vere livskraftige, jamvel om nokre er nær truga og carrizalsporv er kritisk truga[2]
Kardinalar i rekkjefølgje etter Clementslista versjon 6.8 frå august 2013[3] med norske namn etter Norske navn på verdens fugler.[4]
Slekt Piranga
Slekt Habia
Slekt Chlorothraupis
Slekt Caryothraustes
Slekt Periporphyrus
Slekt Rhodothraupis
Slekt Cardinalis
Slekt Pheucticus
Slekt Granatellus
Slekt Amaurospiza
Slekt Cyanoloxia
Slekt Cyanocompsa
Slekt Passerina
Slekt Spiza
Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Kardinalar Kardinalar, kardinalfamilien, er ein familie, Cardinalidae, med habitat i Amerika. Fuglane er robuste, frøetande fuglar, med kraftige nebb. Oftast kan dei sjåast i opent skoglandskap. Kjønna har som regel ulike utsjånadar. Gruppa har fått namn etter arten raudkardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) med sin raude drakt, som kappa til kardinalar.
Dette robuste, frøetande sporvefuglar med kraftige nebb. Vanlegvis er dei knytt til open skogsterreng. Mange artar syner kjønnsdimorfisme i fjørdrakta. Raudkardinal fekk namn etter den raude fjørtoppen som minnar om ein mitra til ein katolsk kardinal.
Dei fleste artane er vurderte til å vere livskraftige, jamvel om nokre er nær truga og carrizalsporv er kritisk truga
Kardinaler (Cardinalidae) er ei gruppe spurvefugler som fins i Nord- og Sør-Amerika. Fuglene er robuste, frøetende fugler, med kraftige nebb. De er som regel forbundet med åpent skoglandskap. Kjønnene har som regel forskjellig utseende. Gruppa har fått navn etter fuglen rødkardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) røde drakt, akkurat som kardinalenes røde kapper.
Kardinaler (Cardinalidae) er ei gruppe spurvefugler som fins i Nord- og Sør-Amerika. Fuglene er robuste, frøetende fugler, med kraftige nebb. De er som regel forbundet med åpent skoglandskap. Kjønnene har som regel forskjellig utseende. Gruppa har fått navn etter fuglen rødkardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) røde drakt, akkurat som kardinalenes røde kapper.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Kardynały[2] (Cardinalidae) – rodzina ptaków z rzędu wróblowych (Passeriformes).
Do kardynałów zaliczanych jest ponad 40 gatunków występujących w Północnej i Południowej Ameryce[3].
Są to małe, przysadziste ptaki odżywiające się nasionami. Występują w lasach. Charakteryzują się wyraźnym dymorfizmem płciowym. Nazwa rodziny wywodzi się od ubarwienia samca kardynała szkarłatnego, którego czerwone pióra przypominają kolorystycznie szaty noszone przez hierarchów kościelnych.
Do rodziny zaliczane są następujące rodzaje[2]:
Kardynały (Cardinalidae) – rodzina ptaków z rzędu wróblowych (Passeriformes).
Os cardinalídeos — também conhecidos como cardeais — integram a família Cardinalidae cujos representantes são encontrados exclusivamente no continente americano. Em muitas espécies os machos são exuberantemente coloridos e de hábito monogâmico sociável, haja vista que exercem notável papel na criação dos jovens. Os cardinalídeos são observados em um amplo espectro de hábitat, a exemplo de florestas, pastagens e savanas.
É observado que via de regra os cardinalídeos são monogâmicos com hábito de criação de filhotes biparental. Entretanto, de ocorrência casual em algumas espécies, observa-se poliginia, ninhos compartilhados e criação cooperativa; a exemplo daqueles pertencentes ao gênero Spiza, notavelmente políginos, no qual o macho defende um amplo território onde atrai até 6 fêmeas.
Os ninhos são construídos no molde de um vaso côncavo aberto, por materiais como gramíneas, galhos, raízes e outros resíduos vegetais, esses são entrelaçados com materiais mais finos, a exemplo de pêlos; ocasionalmente, observa-se também a inclusão de pele de serpentes e seda de aranhas.
Os membros desta família são robustos pássaros comedores de sementes e pequenos frutos, dotados de fortes bicos. Os sexos podem apresentar dimorfismo sexual.
A família é assim denominada devido à cor da plumagem dos machos da espécie-tipo, Cardinalis cardinalis, que lembra a coloração vermelha da vestimenta dos cardeais católicos.
Fêmea de Cardinalis cardinalis
Macho de Cardinalis sinuatus
Macho de Pheucticus ludovicianus
Macho de Passerina amoena
Macho de Cyanocompsa parellina
Fêmea de Piranga bidentata
Juvenil de Pheucticus melanocephalus
Os cardinalídeos — também conhecidos como cardeais — integram a família Cardinalidae cujos representantes são encontrados exclusivamente no continente americano. Em muitas espécies os machos são exuberantemente coloridos e de hábito monogâmico sociável, haja vista que exercem notável papel na criação dos jovens. Os cardinalídeos são observados em um amplo espectro de hábitat, a exemplo de florestas, pastagens e savanas.
É observado que via de regra os cardinalídeos são monogâmicos com hábito de criação de filhotes biparental. Entretanto, de ocorrência casual em algumas espécies, observa-se poliginia, ninhos compartilhados e criação cooperativa; a exemplo daqueles pertencentes ao gênero Spiza, notavelmente políginos, no qual o macho defende um amplo território onde atrai até 6 fêmeas.
Os ninhos são construídos no molde de um vaso côncavo aberto, por materiais como gramíneas, galhos, raízes e outros resíduos vegetais, esses são entrelaçados com materiais mais finos, a exemplo de pêlos; ocasionalmente, observa-se também a inclusão de pele de serpentes e seda de aranhas.
Os membros desta família são robustos pássaros comedores de sementes e pequenos frutos, dotados de fortes bicos. Os sexos podem apresentar dimorfismo sexual.
A família é assim denominada devido à cor da plumagem dos machos da espécie-tipo, Cardinalis cardinalis, que lembra a coloração vermelha da vestimenta dos cardeais católicos.
Kardinaler (Cardinalidae) är en familj med tättingar som lever i Nord- och Sydamerika.
Familjen består av robusta fåglar med kraftiga konformiga näbbar. De är fröätare men äter även frukt och insekter. De förknippas med öppna skogsmarker och häckar i träd. Könen har vanligtvis distinkta dräktskillnader och familjens trivialnamn kommer av den röda fjäderdräkt som hanen av typarten, röd kardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) har och som påminner om en katolsk kardinals klädnad.
Precis som med många andra familjer av tättingar är taxonomin kring familjen kardinaler i förändring. Släkten som tidigare placerats i familjen har visat sig vara närmare besläktade med exempelvis tangaror (Thraupidae) och släkten som placerats i familjerna fältsparvar (Emberizidae), tangaror och skogssångare (Parulidae) har istället visat sig vara närmre besläktade med kardinaler.[1]
DNA-studier från 2007 visar att familjens släkten kan listas enligt följande:[2]
Tidigare inkluderas även följande släkten, numera placerade i familjen tangaror:
Röd kardinal, hona
Ökenkardinal (Cardinalis sinuatus), hane
Lazulifink (Passerina amoena), hane
Dicksissel (Spiza americana)
Sommartangara (Piranga rubra), hane
Delar av artikeln är översatt från engelska wikipedias artikel Cardinal (bird), läst 2008-05-04, där följande källor anges:
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Familjen kardinaler.
Kardinaler (Cardinalidae) är en familj med tättingar som lever i Nord- och Sydamerika.
Familjen består av robusta fåglar med kraftiga konformiga näbbar. De är fröätare men äter även frukt och insekter. De förknippas med öppna skogsmarker och häckar i träd. Könen har vanligtvis distinkta dräktskillnader och familjens trivialnamn kommer av den röda fjäderdräkt som hanen av typarten, röd kardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) har och som påminner om en katolsk kardinals klädnad.
Precis som med många andra familjer av tättingar är taxonomin kring familjen kardinaler i förändring. Släkten som tidigare placerats i familjen har visat sig vara närmare besläktade med exempelvis tangaror (Thraupidae) och släkten som placerats i familjerna fältsparvar (Emberizidae), tangaror och skogssångare (Parulidae) har istället visat sig vara närmre besläktade med kardinaler.
Кардиналові (Cardinalidae) — родина птахів з ряду горобцеподібних (Passeriformes), мають схожість з костогризами (Coccothraustes). До складу родини входить 12 родів та 42 види. Птахи цієї родини поширені на території Північної та Південної Америки. Мешкають вони у лісах, живляться насінням, фруктами, комахами. Гніздяться на деревах.
Виражений статевий диморфізм. Родину названо кардиналовими через червоне оперення деяких представників (подібне до червоного одягу католицьких кардиналів).
Роди:
Це незавершена стаття з орнітології.
Кардиналові (Cardinalidae) — родина птахів з ряду горобцеподібних (Passeriformes), мають схожість з костогризами (Coccothraustes). До складу родини входить 12 родів та 42 види. Птахи цієї родини поширені на території Північної та Південної Америки. Мешкають вони у лісах, живляться насінням, фруктами, комахами. Гніздяться на деревах.
Виражений статевий диморфізм. Родину названо кардиналовими через червоне оперення деяких представників (подібне до червоного одягу католицьких кардиналів).
Họ Hồng tước (Cardinalidae) là một họ chim trong bộ Passeriformes.[1]
Họ Hồng tước (Cardinalidae) là một họ chim trong bộ Passeriformes.
Кардиналовые (лат. Cardinalidae) - семейство птиц из отряда воробьинообразные (Passeriformes), имеют сходство с дубоносами. В семейство входит 12 родов и 42 вида. Птицы этого семейства распространены на территории Северной и Южной Америки. Живут они в лесах, питаются семенами, фруктами, насекомыми. Гнездятся кардиналовые на деревьях.
Имеют половой диморфизм. Семейство названо кардиналовыми из-за своего красного оперения (сходно с красной одеждой католических кардиналов).
Это заготовка статьи по орнитологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Кардиналовые (лат. Cardinalidae) - семейство птиц из отряда воробьинообразные (Passeriformes), имеют сходство с дубоносами. В семейство входит 12 родов и 42 вида. Птицы этого семейства распространены на территории Северной и Южной Америки. Живут они в лесах, питаются семенами, фруктами, насекомыми. Гнездятся кардиналовые на деревьях.
Имеют половой диморфизм. Семейство названо кардиналовыми из-за своего красного оперения (сходно с красной одеждой католических кардиналов).
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 鳥綱 Aves 目 : スズメ目 Passeriformes 亜目 : スズメ亜目 Passeri 小目 : スズメ小目 Passerida 上科 : スズメ上科 Passeroidea 階級なし : “nine-primaried oscines” 科 : ショウジョウコウカンチョウ科 Cardinalidae 英名 Cardinals16属
ショウジョウコウカンチョウ科（ショウジョウコウカンチョウか、Cardinalidae）は、鳥類スズメ目の科である。
以前はコウカンチョウ科と訳した。また、分類によってはコウカンチョウ亜科 Cardinalinae やコウカンチョウ族 Cardinalini ともなった。
9枚の初列風切をもつ nine-primaried oscines の1科である。
かつてはコウカンチョウ科と訳した。これはかつてコウカンチョウ Paroaria coronata がこの科に含まれていたためである。しかしコウカンチョウ属 Paroaria の科分類は流動的で、Tordoff & Arbor (1954)[1]がホオジロ科に移し、さらに Yuri & Mindell (2002) がフウキンチョウ科に移した[2]ため、現在はこの科に含まれない。
Klicka et al. (2007)[3]; Weir et al. (2009)[4]などより。伝統的には他の科だった属には ★、伝統的にはコウカンチョウ科だった属を含む他の科には ☆ をつけた。
nine-primaried oscines分子系統から、New World nine-primaried oscines 内でいくつかの属が移動させられた。Weir et al. (2009)[4]による移動は次のとおり（キガタイカル属 Parkerthraustes・シコンコメワリ属 Amaurospiza を追加[3]）。国際鳥類学会議 (IOC)[5]・アメリカ鳥学会 (AOU)[6]・AOU南アメリカ分類委員会 (SACC)[7]の対応を示す（×: 伝統的な科に留める; ○: 系統的な科に移す; Thr: フウキンチョウ科; Emb: ホオジロ科; ?: 未定 incertae sedis）。
ショウジョウコウカンチョウ科へ 属 学名 伝統的な科 IOC AOU SACC オナガシトド属 Saltatricula ホオジロ科 Thr - - アリフウキンチョウ属 Habia フウキンチョウ科 ○ ○ ○ オリーブフウキンチョウ属 Chlorothraupis ○ ○ ○ ヨゴレフウキンチョウ属 Mitrospingus × × - ムネアカアメリカムシクイ属 Granatellus アメリカムシクイ科 ○ ○ ○ シコンコメワリ属 Amaurospiza ホオジロ科 ○ ○ ○ フウキンチョウ属 Piranga フウキンチョウ科 ○ ○ ○オナガシトド Saltatricula はDNAハイブリダイゼーションや Klicka et al. (2007)[3]ではフウキンチョウ科という結果が出ており、IOCはそれに従っている。
ショウジョウコウカンチョウ科から 属 学名 分子系統による科 IOC AOU SACC キガタイカル属 Parkerthraustes フウキンチョウ科 × - - コウカンチョウ属 Paroaria ○ Emb ○ マミジロイカル属 Saltator × ? ○マミジロイカル属 Saltator の1種ノドグロイカル Saltator atricollis は、同属他種と異なりショウジョウコウカンチョウ科内のオナガシトドと姉妹群に位置するという結果が出ているが、同属他種と同系統だとした Klicka et al. (2007) を踏まえ、Weir et al. (2009) はマミジロイカル属全体をフウキンチョウ科とした。
詳細は移動先の科を参照。
伝統的には、コウカンチョウ科、あるいは、他の科と統合しその中のコウカンチョウ亜科 Cardinalinae とされてきた。古くは Pyrrhuloxiinae や Richmondeninae とも呼ばれた。コウカンチョウ亜科あるいは Pyrrhuloxiinae や Richmondeninae が属する科には、フウキンチョウ科[1]、アトリ科[1]、ホオジロ科[8]などがあった。Sibley & Ahlquist (1970) や Sibley et al. (1988) では、アトリ科ホオジロ亜科コウカンチョウ族 Cardinalini となった。
ショウジョウコウカンチョウ科（ショウジョウコウカンチョウか、Cardinalidae）は、鳥類スズメ目の科である。
以前はコウカンチョウ科と訳した。また、分類によってはコウカンチョウ亜科 Cardinalinae やコウカンチョウ族 Cardinalini ともなった。
홍관조과(紅冠鳥科; Cardinalidae)는 참새목에 속하는 조류 과이다.[1] 북아메리카와 남아메리카에서 발견되는 명금류이다. 남아메리카의 파로아리아속(Paroaria) 홍관조는 다른 과 풍금조과(이전에는 멧새과로 분류)로 분류한다.
다음은 2019년 올리버로스(Oliveros) 등의 연구에 의한 멧새상과의 계통 분류이다.[2]
멧새상과Calyptophilidae
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