Pleotrichophorus pseudopatonkus Corpuz-Raros & E. F. Cook 1974

Pleotrichophorus pseudopatonkus

Capitophorus patonkus Hottes and Frison, 1931:287–289 [in part].

Pleotrichophorus patonkus (Hottes and Frison).—Hille Ris Lambers, 1966:605 [in part]; 1969:165 [in part].

DIAGNOSIS.—The size of the last rostral segment has been casually observed as variable in P. patonkus, sensu lato, by the authors of this species (Hottes and Frison, 1931:288). Hille Ris Lambers (1966:605) similarly noted slight differences in the shape of this segment but in his most recent key (1969:165) his description as “on basal half not with strongly concave, and on distal half with more or less convex sides, with never more than distal ⅓ part hairless” apparently refers to P. pseudopatonkus (see discussion below).

Examination of cleared paratypes revealed 2 rostral types, namely: (1) a stout and slightly convex-sided last rostral segment that is less than .12 mm long—among collections from Urbana and Starved Rock, Illinois (Figure 144); and (2) a slender, straight-sided and sharply pointed one that is at least .12 mm long—from Metropolis, Illinois (Figure 143). Rostral type (1) is associated with the presence of short cornicles that are at most i/2 the length of the cauda, and type (2), with longer cornicles (.14—.21) that are ⅔ to ¾ times the caudal length. The presence of sensoria on a.s.IV of alate females from Metropolis (in 84.6% of 13 segments seen) is an added difference.

Whether these differences are seasonal (Metropolis collections were made 30 April while those from Urbana were made 6 to 16 October and from Starved Rock, 13 May), geographic (Metropolis is the most southerly located of these localities), or specific can be resolved only by more careful biological studies. In view of the importance placed here on rostral and cornicular characters in delineating Pleotrichophorus species, a separate specific status for these two forms is preferred and proposed. The name P. patoknus is retained for the form from Metropolis (locality associated with holotype), and P. pseudopatonkus is given for the form from Urbana and Starved Rock.

The occurrence of 2 color forms, pink and green, was reported by Hille Ris Lambers (1966) but it is not known with which of the above rostral types these colors are associated. Hottes and Frison’s (1931) types seem to be of a basically green color.

DESCRIPTION.—Apterous Viviparous Female: Color in life whitish green (J.O. Pepper’s collection notes) to green (C.F. Smith’s collection notes); cleared specimens pale with apices of rostrum and tibiae, entire tarsi, apices of a.s.III and IV and remainder of antennae brown. Body length 1.27–1.88 (1.58, n = 28), width across eyes .39–.45 (.421) mm. Head with moderately developed laterofrontal tubercles, mesofrontal projection rather broad and low; mf usually 1p but 1 or 2 may be added, lf 1–3 (usually 2) on each side, vlf 1p, df 14–25 (18.61 ± 1.12, n = 28), vf 5–10 (usually 6), pc 2p, ac 4–6, md 2–4 (usually 3) on each side; dorsal setae funnel-shaped with anterior ones long, distinctly petiolate and stems about ⅓ to ⅔ of entire length, posterior ones shorter, without distinct stems, more widely expanded; ventral setae with vf slightly flattened to funnel-shaped, remainder blunt, expanded or pointed; mf .0286–.0462 (.0396, n = 58) and df–1 .0396–.0506 (.0426, n = 56) mm long. Antennal segment I produced mesodistally, imbricate, with 4–10 (usually 6 or 7) blunt or knobbed setae aside from usual pointed one on dorsum.A.s.II imbricate, with normally knobbed or pointed setae. A.s.III imbricate; with knobbed or pointed setae, longest about ⅓ to ½ diameter of segment; with 1–8 (2.79, n = 57) sensoria. A.s.IV about ¾ and a.s.V about ⅔, length of a.s.III; a.s.VI with unguis 4¼ to 7¼ (5.16, n = 44) times as long as base.

Tergum smooth on disk, becoming finely imbricate-spiculate from about abdominal segment 5; with moderately dense cover of funnel to cone-shaped setae, those on apical segments longer, less expanded than setae on discal segments. Cauda .19–27 (.232, n = 31) mm long; stoutly elongate, constricted on basal ⅓, broadly rounded at apex; spiculate; with 2 pairs lateral and 1 posterodorsal setae. Cornicles .08–. 8 (.099, n = 60) mm long, .31–67 times (.43 ± .02, n = 60) as long as cauda; cylindrical, widest at bases, narrowing to about ⅔ basal diameter; sparsely imbricate-spiculate, slightly wrinkled, spicules rather strong, blunt. Legs with 3, 3, 3 hairs on first tarsal joints; hind tibiae .86–1.22 (1.04, n = 57) and hind ta–2 .11–.13 (.124, n = 57) mm long. Rostrum IV ±V .09–. 11 (.099, n = 30) mm long, .71–.92 (.79 ± .02, n = 54) times as long as second hind tarsal joint; rather thick at base, basal width ½ or more length of segment, tapered to acute tip, margins past pi setae slightly convex; with 1 basal, 2 dorsal, and 3 lateral pairs of setae, ml and pl ⅓ to ½ al setae in length.

Measurements (in mm) of holotype and 6 paratypes from Illinois: B.L. 1.45–1.88 (1.66), We .40.43 (.415); a.s.III .45–.61 (.515), a.s.IV .33–.42 (.372), a.s.V .29–.40 (.338), a.s.VI .10–.13 (.116) + .44–.69 (.599); cornicles .08–.12 (.096), cauda .20.24 (.217); hind tibiae .86–1.09 (.941), hind ta–2 .11–13 (.122), and rostrum IV+V .09–.11 (.097). Proportions of a.s.III:IV:V, 1: .66–.79 (.72): .60–.73 (.66); VIu/VIb 4.40–6.55 (5.25); co/ca .38–.55 (.45); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 .75–.85 (.79).

Alate Viviparous Female: Color in life green (CFS coll. data); cleared specimen with slightly sclerotic head and prothorax and darker brown ring around ocelli; brown mesothorax, pale, membraneous abdomen with dusky or light brown pleural patches; legs from apices of tibiae and antennae from near bases of a.s.III dark brown. Morphologically similar to apterae, with following differences: df setae fewer (10–13, m = 11.64, n = 11); head setae shorter, mf .0220–.0330 (.0265, n = 17), and df–1 .0264–.0440 (.0366, n = 22) long; a.s.III with more sensoria (11–20, m = 14.26, n = 19); dorsal abdominal setae relatively sparser.

Measurements (in mm) of 9 paratypes from Pennsylvania and North Carolina: B.L. 1.43–1.60 (1.53), We .36–.42 (.389); a.s.III .56–.64 (.599), a.s.IV .43–.52 (.461), a.s.V .38–.47 (.420), a.s.VI .12–. 16 (.144) + .65–.87 (.740); cornicles .07–.09 (.079), cauda .21–.23 (.221); hind ta–2 .11–.14 (.129), and rostrum IV+V .09–.10 (.099). Proportions of a.s.III:IV:V, 1: .72–.91 (.77): .65–.80 (.71); VIu/VIb 4.50–5.75 (5.12); co/ca .30–.43 (.36); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 .69–.91 (.77).

Sexuales: Not seen. Probably included in original description of P. patonkus (Hottes and Frison, 1931:288, 289).

HOSTS.—Achillea millefolium, Achillea sp.

DISTRIBUTION.—North central (Wisconsin, Illinois), and eastern (Maine, North Carolina, Pennsylvania) United States and northeastern Canada (New Brunswick).

TYPES.—Holotype: apt.v.f., Urbana, Illinois, 7–X–1929, Frison and Ross, on Achillea millefolium; in INHS coll. Paratypes: ILLINOIS (data like holotype except as indicated, and all in INHS): 1 apt.v.f., with the same data as holotype; 1 apt.v.f., 6–X–1929 by Frison; 1 apt.v.f. and 4 apt.ny., 16–X–1929; 1 apt.v.f., 3–IX–1929, Frison and Hottes, Achillea. NORTH CAROLINA: Highlands, 3 apt.v.f., 1 al.v.f. and 1 altd.ny., 13–V–1930, Starved Rock, on Achillea, NORTH CAROLINA: Highlands, 3 apt.v.f., 1 al.v.f. and 1 apt.ny., 4–IX–1963, JOP, on Achillea millefolium (JOP coll.); and Wilmington, 3 apt.v.f., 11–V–1960, on yarrow (CFS coll.). PENNSYLVANIA (all collected and owned by JOP): Philipsburg at Black Moshannon Dam, 3 apt.v.f. and 4 al.v.f., on A. millefolium; and Red Rock at Ricketts Glen, 8 apt.v.f. and 4 al.v.f., 30–VIII–1950, on A. millefolium.

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—3 apt.v.f. and 5 ny., South Chicago, Illinois, 7–VII–1936, on A. millefolium (EOE coll.); 4 apt.v.f., 1 al.v.f., Presque Isle, Maine, 30–VIII–1956, on traps (EOE coll.); and 1 al.v.f., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 28–VIII–1956, from traps on Achillea (M.E.MacG. coll.), large individual, with rostrum IV+V .12 mm long but distally convex-sided.

Pleotrichophorus pullus (Gillette and Palmer)

Capitophorus pullus Gillette and Palmer, 1933:353–354 [type: al.v.f., Chimney Rock, Colorado, 26–VI–1932, MAP, on Artemisia longifolia; USNM 49293]; 1934:155.—Patch, 1938:245.—Palmer, 1952:266–267.—Knowlton, 1954:9. Pleotrichophorus pullus (Gillette and Palmer).—Hille Ris Lambers, 1953:115; 1969:168.

DIAGNOSIS.—This species is distinctive from all others with its combination of long (at least .17 mm), needle-tipped rostrum IV+V; brown appendages; triangular cauda; and long, pointed or, at most, blunt mf and lf setae.

DESCRIPTION.—Apterous Viviparous Female: Rather large individuals, 1.68–2.00 (1.87, n = 6) mm long, .45–47 (.462, n = 6) mm wide across eyes; body stoutly spindle-shaped. Cleared specimen with light brown body, slightly darker head, basal 2 antennal segments, intersegmental pleural thickenings, cauda and anal plate; legs dark brown except most of anterior areas of fore femora, extreme bases of mid and hind femora, and most of middle portions of all tibiae are concolorous with body; antennal flagellum with apices of a.s.III and IV and entire a.s.V and VI dark brown; cornicles and distal 2 rostral segments also dark brown. Laterofrontal tubercles rather poorly developed, mesofrontal area broad, conspicuous; mf setae 2p, lf 2–3 on each side, vlf 1p, df 33–43 (37.50 ± 4.19, n = 6), vf 8–11, pc 2p, ac 4, md 3 or 4 on each side; mf and lf setae elongate, slender, usually pointed apically but sometimes blunt, mf .0242–.0506 (.0399, n = 17) mm long; df setae with anterior pairs and some of posterior ones long (e.g. df–1 .0330–.0418 mm, m = .0383, n = 12), slender, distal 14 flaring to about twice basal diameter; remainder of df’s shorter, funnel- to cone-shaped; ventral setae all long, pointed. Antennal segment I slightly produced mesally, almost smooth, with 4–6 long, pointed setae in addition to usual pointed smaller one on dorsum. A.s.II with basically long, pointed setae but 1 sometimes added or missing. A.s.111 faintly imbricate, with rather long, pointed to slightly knobbed setae, longest ¾ to equal basal diameter of segment; with 1–2 (1.4, n = 10) sensoria. A.s.IV and V subequal and about ⅔ length of a.s.III; unguis 2½ to 4⅔ times (m = 3.88, n = 9) base of a.s.VI.

Dorsal body integument smooth on disk, becoming finely imbricate-spiculate from abdominal segment 6; 2 pairs of pleural sclerites present on discal segments or at least abd.s. 3 to 5, 2 pleural bars also on 6 and 7, 2 thin spinal dashes on some discal segments, median areas of posterior 3 segments indistinctly thickened. Dorsal body cover of setae quite dense, setae funnel- to fan-shaped, those of tapered segments slightly longer than those on disk. Cauda .19–.22 (.202, n = 6) mm long; triangular, not distinctly constricted basally, apex acute but rounded; spiculate; usually with 2 lateral pairs and 1 posterodorsal setae. Cornicles .29–.50 (.443, n = 12) mm long, 1½ to 2½ times (m = 2.11 ± .32, n = 12) length of cauda; cylindrical, widest at base, of uniform diameter for remainder of length; imbricate, wrinkled, very sparsely armed with spicules. Legs with 3, 3, 3 hairs on first tarsal joints; hind tibiae .83–1.07 (.98, n = 10), hind ta–2 .13–15 (.144, n = 9) mm long. Rostrum IV+V .17–18 (.173, n = 6) mm long, slightly longer to 1⅓ times (1.19 ± .82, n = 9) as long as hind ta–2; slender, with thin, cylindrical, needle-like distal ½; setae of normal set of 1 basal, 2 dorsal, and 3 lateral pairs, ml and pl about ⅓ to ½ size of al setae.

Alate Viviparous Female: Head and thorax brown; appendages much like those of aptera but relatively darker or blackish brown. Morphologically also like aptera, differing only as follows: df setae fewer (12–13, m = 12.67, n = 3), mf setae blunt at apices, lf a mixture of blunt and pointed setae; a.s.III bearing 6–8 (m = 7, n = 4) sensoria; unguis of a.s.VI slightly longer, cornicles and cauda slightly shorter; abdominal pleural sclerotizations more pronounced, marginal sclerites also present; abdominal setae sparser.

Measurements (in mm) of 2 paratypes: B.L. 1.72 and 1.87, We .38 and .39; a.s.III .47–.49 (.48), a.s.IV .32–.35 (.335), a.s.V .28–.31 (.295), a.s.VI .13–.15 (.135) + .53–.56 (.545); cornicles .37–.38 (.372), cauda both .18; hind tibiae 1.11–1.13 (1.12), hind ta–2 .15–.16 (.158), rostrum IV+V both .18; mf .0264–.0440 (.0356) and df–1 .0330–.0418 (.0369). Proportions of a.s.III:IV: V, 1: .67–.73 (.69): .59–.65 (.62); VIu/VIb 3.73–4.23 (4.05); co/ca 2.06–2.11 (2.08); rostrum IV+V/ hind ta–2 1.13–1.20 (1.15).

Sexuales: Unknown.

HOSTS.—Artemisia cana and A. longifolia.

DISTRIBUTION.—Aside from type-locality in northern Colorado, records include sporadic collections from northern Utah (Logan), southwestern Montana (Forsyth), and western North Dakota (Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Two paratype slides containing 5 apt.v.f., 2 al.v.f. and 16 ny., with same data as holotype (CSU); 1 apt.v.f., 1 al.v.f., and 1 ny., Roosevelt National Memorial Park, 11–VI–1954, G. and L. Wheeler, on Artemisia cana (USNM).

Pleotrichophorus pycnorhysus (Knowlton and Smith)

Capitophorus pycnorhysus Knowlton and Smith, 1936a: 111 [lectotype: apt.v.f., Curlew, Utah. 9–VI–1930, GFK, on Chrysothamnus; in EOE coll.]; 1937:152.—Palmer, 1952: 267–268.

Capitophorus pycnorhisus [sic] Knowlton and Smith.—Knowlton, 1941:138 [misspelling].

Pleotrichophorus pycnorhysus (Knowlton and Smith).—Hille Ris Lambers, 1969:167.

DIAGNOSIS.—P. pycnorhysus can be distinguished from other species with short, stout and blunt rostrum IV + V (viz., P. acanthovillus, P. magnautensus and P. utensis) by the presence of the longest cornicles (averaging more than .55 mm vs. less than .40 mm in these species), greatest co/ca ratio (2.25 ± .06, n = 72 vs. less than 1½ in these species) and by having only the cornicle apex dark (entirely dark in those species). It resembles P. gregarius and P. xerzoous in possessing spino-pleural abdominal papillae; but can be similarly differentiated from them by its pale cornicles (also dark on distal ½ to ⅔ in these species).

DESCRIPTION.—Apterous Viviparous Female: Color in life pale to apple green, somewhat shiny (original description); cleared specimen pale with tips of rostrum and tibiae, apical 1/10 to 1/5 of cornicles, entire tarsi and antennae from about distal ⅔ of a.s.III brown. Body 1.65–2.25 (1.86, n = 35) mm long, .37–.49 (.436, n = 39) mm wide across eyes. Laterofrontal and mesofrontal tubercles of head moderately developed; mf 1p, lf 1–3 (usually 2 on each side), vlf 1p, df 11–18 (13.25 ± .59, n = 40), vf 5–8 (usually 6), pc 2p, ac 4, md 3–5 (usually 3) p; dorsal setae funnel-shaped, without-distinct stems; vf and pc similar but less expanded, ac, md elongate with pointed or blunt tips; mf .0220–.0418 (.0307, n = 75) and df–1 .0176–.0418 (.0318, n = 74) mm long. Antennal segment I moderately produced mesodistally, faintly imbricate, with 7–14 blunt or knobbed setae in addition to basal pointed one on dorsum. A.s.II with usually similarly shaped setae. A.s.III faintly imbricate, with small rod-shaped setae, not more than ⅓ basal diameter of segment; 1–4 (2.27, n = 60) sensoria. A.S.IV about ¾ and a.s.V about ⅔ the length of a.s.III; unguis of a.s.VI 5⅔ to 8 times (6.71, n = 36) as long as its base.

Dorsum of body smooth on disk, becoming faintly striate posteriorly; 2 pairs of rows of papillae present around bases of spinal and pleural setae, papillae becoming increasingly developed caudally; setae funnel- or cone-shaped, rather sparse, with 2 or 3 setae borne on spino-pleural papillae. Cauda .18–.30 (.257, n = 37) mm long; elongate with very slight basal constriction, acutely rounded apex; spiculate; with 2 lateral pairs and 1 posterodorsal setae. Cornicles .43–.68 (.567, n = 80) mm long, 1.80–3.13 times (2.25 ± .06, n = 80) length of cauda; cylindrical, with thinnest diameter about middle; moderately imbricate-spiculate. Legs with 3, 3, 3 hairs on first tarsal joints; hind tibiae 1.03–1.53 (1.25, n = 57) and hind ta–2 .10–.12 (.116, n = 53) mm long. Rostrum IV+V .08–.10 (.092, n = 41) mm long, .67–.91 times (.78 ± .02, n = 54) as long as hind ta–2; stout at base, narrowing only slightly to blunt apex; with 1 basal, 2 dorsal and 3 lateral pairs of setae, al, ml, and pi setae subequal in length.

Measurements (in mm) of lectotype: B.L. 2.05, We .44; a.s.III .56 and .59, a.s.IV .50 and .49, a.s.V .43 and .40, a.s.VI both incomplete; cornicles both .59, cauda .28; hind tibia (one side only) 1.29, hind ta–2 .11, and rostrum IV+V .09 mm.

Alate Viviparous Female: Not seen. Data from Knowlton and Smith’s (1936a:111) original description include: B.L. 1.25; a.s.III .65–.72, a.s.IV .52.55, a.s.V .42–50, a.s.VI .12–.14 + .96; cornicles .45–.58, cauda .25, hind tibiae 1.25–1.27, hind ta–2 .11–.13, rostrum IV+V .08–.09 and hairs on vertex (probably mf setae) .034 mm. Number of sensoria on a.s.III 5–10.

Sexuales; Unknown.

HOSTS.—Artemisia tridentata, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Chrysothamnus sp. and Gutierrezia sp.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widely distributed in northern Utah (north of Great Salt Lake), but also recorded as far south as Beaver; also known from southern Idaho and Logan, Montana.

TYPES (designated from “paratype” slides).—Lectotype, apt.v.f. with data given above. Paralectotypes: 3 apt.v.f., 1 altd.ny., and 3 apt.ny. with same data as lectotype, in EOE coll.; and 3 apt.v.f. and 2 apt.ny., Dayton, Idaho, 21–VI–1935, GFK, on Chrysothamnus (GFK coll.).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—In addition to types, all collected by GFK and CFS: IDAHO: Riverdale, 11 apt.v.f. on 27–VI–1936 and 2 apt.v.f. on 24–VII–1936, on Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (CFS coll.). UTAH: Eureka, 7 apt.v.f., 21–VII–1955, on Gutierrezia (EOE coll.); Hoytsville, 2 apt.v.f., 16–VIII–1956 on Artemisia tridentata (EOE coll.); Ouray Valley, 10 apt.v.f., 14–IX–1956 on Chrysothamnus sp. (EOE coll.); Vernal, 1 apt.v.f., 15–IX–1959 on C. viscidiflorus (JOP coll.); and Wild Cat Canyon, Beaver Co., 4 apt.v.f., 18–VIII–1956 on C. viscidiflorus.