^Walker, Frances (1852). Diptera. Part III, pp. 157–252, pls. 5-6. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Sauders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. 1. London: Van Voorst. pp. 1–474.