Type Locality: Wales, U.K., Europe.
Distribution: Africa: Angola; Europe: U.K., France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Sweden; Asia: China, Korea, Japan; Australia; New Zealand; South America: Brazil.
“Plants monoecious or dioecious, green to reddish-brown, almost black , up to 4 cm high, 120-240 mm in diameter, irregularly, sparsely to frequently branched; fascicles 2-3, whorls ovoid to conical and separated except in aged plants, compressed; primary fascicles abundantly branched, 3-6 cell-storeys, proximal cells spherical to dome-shaped, terminal hairs absent, sparse or abundant; intertwining cortical filaments well-developed and covering all central axes; secondary fascicles frequent; spermatangia spherical to obovoidal, 4-6 mm in diameter, terminal on fascicles and involucral filaments; carpogonium-bearing branches arising from periaxial cels and fascicles, consisting of 3-5 cells, slightly curved, with few-celled involucral filaments; carpogonia 4-7 mm in diameter at apex, 15-27 mm long, trichgyne inflated-ovoid, urn-shaped or ellipsoidal; carposporophytes single or paired, hemispherical, protruding wart-like from whorls, 100-140 mm in diameter, 50-70 mm high; carposporangia obovoidal, 6-7 mm in diameter, 7-11 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp
