Fissidens rufulus W. P. Schimper ex B. S. G. 1851

Fissidens rufulus B.S.G. Bryol. Eur. (46-47:)
Fiss. Suppl. 2: 1. 1851.
Fissidens veniricosus I^esq. Mem. Calif. Acad. 1: 7. 1868. Fissidens hydrophilus Jaeger, Enum. Fissid. 20. 1869.
Plants the largest of the Bryoidiaj 1-3 cm. high, rarely more, dark green, blackish below, sparingly branched, with dark rhizoids among the leaves; leaves oblong-cnltriform, obtuse to apiculate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, the border nearly or quite as large in the upper quarter of the leaf as elsewhere, almost reaching the apex, the costa strong, ending in the apex; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina reaching the stem; leafcells irregularly hexagonal, the upper median 8-12 /x in longest dimension, the lower larger; dioicous; seta 3-4 mm. long; capsule symmetric, erect or sUghtly inclined, the urn 1-1.4 mm. long, the operculum conic; peristome-teeth less roughened above and with spiral thickenings more pronounced than in other North American Bryoidia; spores 20-28 ju in diameter, maturing in winter.
Type locality : Germany.
Distribution: On submerged rocks in streams; California to Washington and Idaho; rare.