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Brief Summary ( anglais )

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The 70 south and southeast Asian snake species in the genus Oligodon are known as "kukri snakes", the name being derived from a distinctively shaped Nepalese knife, the kukri. The hind teeth of these snakes are broad and strongly recurved, much like the shape of the kukri. These non-venomous snakes are usually nocturnal and often brightly colored. They feed primarily on the eggs of birds and reptiles. The morphology of their teeth is well suited for opening eggs. These snakes enthusiastically ingest the contents of opened eggs presented to them, as well as ingesting small reptile and bird eggs whole. To take eggs that are apparently too large to swallow, a kukri snake uses its uniquely shaped teeth and jaw articulation to saw a hole in an egg shell that is large enough for it to insert its head and feed on the contents of the egg. Stomach content studies have revealed that kukri snakes also eat small rodents, tadpoles, frogs, and insects. Juveniles appear to be primarily insectivorous. It is not known whether they hunt or scavenge for food. (Green et al. 2010 and references therein)

Oligodon has been a taxonomically challenging group. Green et al. (2010) undertook a mtDNA-based molecular phylogenetic analysis of Oligodon snakes and examined congruence between the resulting phylogeny and hemipenial characters. Green et al. found that the hemipenial morphology of Oligodon appears to be phylogenetically constrained and, therefore, informative. The hemipenes are useful in species identification, and Green et al. speculate that the ornamented organ may even play a role in speciation or maintenance of species. Phylogenetic relationships suggested by Smith based on hemipenial morphology (1943, cited in Green et al. 2010), were supported by the analyses of Green et al. (2010). Green et al. emphasize that descriptions of new Oligodon species should be based on a type series that includes males with described hemipenes.

Much confusion in Oligodon occurs because of extensive intraspecific variation in color and patterning. Although most species of Oligodon have a fairly invariant color pattern, a few species (notably O. cyclurus, O. fasciolatus, O. cinereus, and O. taeniolatus) are highly variable. The highly variable species are also widespread. Oligodon cyclurus and O. fasciolatus range from India eastward through Thailand (at approximately 11°15′N), to Vietnam and southwestern China (Yunnan). A separation of about 500 km on the Thai peninsula separates O. fasciolatus from O. purpurascens, which continues throughout Indonesia. The distribution of O. cinereus closely matches cyclurus+fasciolatus. Ologodon taeniolatus ranges throughout India to eastern Iran and northward to southern Turkmenistan.

According to the molecular phylogenetic and morphological investigation by Lei et al. (2014), Oligodon multizonatum, a Chinese endemic species known only from Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, may not belong in Oligodon at all, but rather in the still somewhat poorly defined genus Lycodon

Green et al. (2010) provide an excellent entry into the literature on Oligodon.

(Green et al. 2010 and references therein)

Références

  • Green, M.D., N.I. Orlov, and R.W. Murphy. 2010. Toward a Phylogeny of the Kukri Snakes, Genus Oligodon. Asian Herpetological Research 1(1): 1-21.
  • Lei, J., X. Sun, K. Jiang, et al. 2014. Multilocus Phylogeny of Lycodon and the Taxonomic Revision of Oligodon multizonatum. Asian Herpetological Research 5(1): 26–37.
  • Smith M. A. 1943. The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia Volume III.—Serpentes. London: Taylor and Francis, 583 pp.

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திருவாங்கூர் குக்குரி பாம்பு ( tamoul )

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திருவாங்கூர் குக்குரி பாம்பு (Travancore kukri snake) 1826 ஆம் ஆண்டு அறியப்பட்ட கலோபெரியா (Colubridae) என்ற பேரினத்தில் காணப்படும் ஊர்வன குடும்பத்தைச் சார்ந்த ஒரு வகைப்பாம்பு இனம் ஆகும். இவை நடு ஆசியா துவங்கி வெப்பமண்டல ஆசியாவின் பல பகுதிகளிலும் காணப்படுகிறது. மேலும் இவை தமிழகப் பகுதியான மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைத்தொடரில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆனை மலைக் காடுகளில் காணப்படுகிறது.

குறிப்புகள்

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திருவாங்கூர் குக்குரி பாம்பு: Brief Summary ( tamoul )

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திருவாங்கூர் குக்குரி பாம்பு (Travancore kukri snake) 1826 ஆம் ஆண்டு அறியப்பட்ட கலோபெரியா (Colubridae) என்ற பேரினத்தில் காணப்படும் ஊர்வன குடும்பத்தைச் சார்ந்த ஒரு வகைப்பாம்பு இனம் ஆகும். இவை நடு ஆசியா துவங்கி வெப்பமண்டல ஆசியாவின் பல பகுதிகளிலும் காணப்படுகிறது. மேலும் இவை தமிழகப் பகுதியான மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைத்தொடரில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆனை மலைக் காடுகளில் காணப்படுகிறது.

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දත්කැටි ගණය ( cinghalais )

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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්

දත්කැටි ගණය: Brief Summary ( cinghalais )

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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්

Oligodon ( anglais )

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Oligodon is genus of colubrid snakes that was first described by Austrian zoologist Leopold Fitzinger in 1826.[1] This genus is widespread throughout central and tropical Asia. The snakes of this genus are commonly known as kukri snakes.[3]

Description

The species in the genus Oligodon are egg eaters and are usually under 90 cm (35 in) in total length (including tail). Different species display widely variable patterns and colorations. They subsist mostly by scavenging the eggs of birds and reptiles. Besides eggs, species of this genus also feeds on lizards, frogs, and small rodents.

Oligodon is a rear-fanged snake genus. All member species have a set of enlarged teeth placed in the back of the upper jaws, as well as functional Duvernoy's glands. They are not dangerous to humans, though. Bites by some species have been reported to bleed excessively, suggesting presence of anticoagulants in the Duvernoy's gland secretions.[4] Species of Oligodon are mostly nocturnal, and live on the floor of mature forests.

The common name of the genus comes from the kukri, a distinctively shaped Nepalese knife, which is similar in shape to the broad, flattened, curved hind teeth of Oligodon species. These teeth are specially adapted for their main diet of eggs; the teeth cut open eggs as they are being swallowed by the snake, allowing for easier digestion.

Species

There are 84 recognized species in the genus Oligodon according to Reptile Database as of April 2023[2]

The source column gives direct links to the sources used:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild
CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable
NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern
DD - Data Deficient, NE - Not Evaluated

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Oligodon.

References

  1. ^ a b Fitzinger LJ (1826). Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. zoologischen Museums zu Wien. Vienna: J.G. Heubner. five unnumbered + 67 pp. + one plate. (Oligodon, new genus, p. 56). (in German and Latin).
  2. ^ a b "Search results Genus: Oligodon – Exact match". Reptile Database. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b David P, Vogel G, Pauwels OSG (2008). "A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from northern Vietnam, southern China and central Laos" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1939: 19–37. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1939.1.3.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ^ Wüster W, Cox MJ (1992). "Defensive hemipenis display in the kukri snake Oligodon cyclurus ". Journal of Herpetology. 26 (2): 238–241. doi:10.2307/1564874. JSTOR 1564874.
  5. ^ Bombay Natural History Society (2005). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay Natural History Society. p. 21. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  6. ^ Leong TM, Grismer LL (2004). "A new species of kukri snake, Oligodon (Colubridae), from Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia" (PDF). Asiatic Herpetological Research. 10: 12–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-06.
  7. ^ Mirza, Zeeshan A.; Bhardwaj, Virender Kumar; Patel, Harshil (2021). "A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas". Evolutionary Systematics 5 (2): 335–345. (Oligodon churahensis, new species).
  8. ^ Akonda, A.W.; Khan, M.A.; Khan, S.M.M.H.; Haque, M.N.; Khan, M.M.H.; Ahmed, R.; Ameen, M.; Islam, M.A.; Joarder, N.B.; Nishat, A. (2000). Red book of threatened mammals of Bangladesh. IUCN Bangladesh. p. 29. ISBN 9789847460048. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  9. ^ a b c David P, Vogel G, van Rooijen J (2008). "A revision of the Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) group (Squamata: Colubridae), with the description of three new species from the Indochinese Region" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1965: 1–49. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1965.1.1.
  10. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Oligodon everetti, p. 86).
  11. ^ Beolens et al. (2011). p. 91.
  12. ^ Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Larsen, Henning; Suthanthangjai, Winai; David, Patrick; Sumontha, Montri (2017). "A new kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the first record of O. Deuvei from Thailand". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 531. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.6.
  13. ^ Pauwels OSG, Wallach V, David P, Chanhome L (2002). "A new species of Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Serpentes, Colubridae) from southern peninsular Thailand". Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University. 2 (2): 7–18.
  14. ^ Neang T, Grismer LL, Daltry JC (2012). "A new species of kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine". Zootaxa 3388: 41–55.
  15. ^ Acharji MN, Ray HC (1936). "A new species of Oligodon from the United Provinces (India)". Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 38: 519–520.
  16. ^ Beolens et al. (2011). p. 149.
  17. ^ a b Beolens et al. (2011). p. 183.
  18. ^ David P, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen TT, Jiang K, Chen T, Teynié A, Ziegler T (2012). "A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from northern Vietnam, southern China and central Laos". Zootaxa. 3498: 45–62. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3498.1.3.
  19. ^ Beolens et al. (2011). pp. 70, 205.
  20. ^ Beolens et al. (2011). p. 231.
  21. ^ Sumontha, Montri; Kunya, Kirati; Dangsri, Siriwat; Pauwels, Olivier S. G. (2017). "Oligodon saiyok, a new limestone-dwelling kukri snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand". Zootaxa. 4294 (3): 316. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.2.

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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Oligodon is genus of colubrid snakes that was first described by Austrian zoologist Leopold Fitzinger in 1826. This genus is widespread throughout central and tropical Asia. The snakes of this genus are commonly known as kukri snakes.

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Oligodon ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Oligodon es un género de serpientes de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuyen por el este y el sur de Asia. Se trata de serpientes ligeramente venenosas, aunque no son peligrosas para el hombre, que se alimentan principalmente de huevos y residualmente de lagartos, anfibios y roedores de su tamaño. Son básicamente nocturnas y viven en el suelo de la selva.

Especies

Se reconocen las 74 siguientes según The Reptile Database:[1]

Referencias

  1. Uetz, P. & Jirí Hošek (ed.). «Oligodon». Reptile Database. Reptarium. Consultado el 6 de abril de 2016.

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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Oligodon es un género de serpientes de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuyen por el este y el sur de Asia. Se trata de serpientes ligeramente venenosas, aunque no son peligrosas para el hombre, que se alimentan principalmente de huevos y residualmente de lagartos, anfibios y roedores de su tamaño. Son básicamente nocturnas y viven en el suelo de la selva.

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Vähehammasmadu ( estonien )

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Vähehammasmadu (Oligodon) on maoperekond.[2]

Klassifikatsioon

Vähehammasmadude perekonda klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis järgmised maoliigid[3]:

Ajakirjas Zootaxa avaldati 16. detsembril 2015 Anna B. Vassilieva artikkel "A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from coastal southern Vietnam", milles on kirjeldatud vähehammasmadude perekonna uut maoliiki:

2017. aastal on perekonda liigitatud kolm maoliiki:

Levila

Neid võib kohata Aasias.

Viited

  1. Fitzinger, L. J. (1826). Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften. J.G. Heubner, Wien.
  2. Loomade elu 5:285.
  3. Peter Uetz ja Jakob Hallermann, Oligodon Roomajate andmebaasi veebiversioon (vaadatud 01.04.2014) (inglise keeles)
  4. ANNA B. VASSILIEVA, A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from coastal southern Vietnam, 4058. väljaanne, nr 2

Välislingid

Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Oligodon seisuga 01.04.2014.

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Vähehammasmadu: Brief Summary ( estonien )

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Vähehammasmadu (Oligodon) on maoperekond.

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Oligodon ( basque )

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Oligodon Colubridae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asian bizi dira.

Espezieak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( basque )

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Oligodon Colubridae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asian bizi dira.

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Oligodon

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Oligodon est un genre de serpents de la famille des Colubridae[1].

Répartition

Les 78 espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie[1].

Liste des espèces

 src=
Un oligodon huahin dans le parc national de Kaeng Krachan en Thaïlande. Décembre 2018.

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (9 novembre 2017)[2] :

Étymologie

Oligodon, du grec ὀλίγος, oligos, « peu abondant », et ὀδούς, odous, « dent », fait référence au faible nombre de dents présentes à la mâchoire supérieure.

Publication originale

  • Boie, 1826 : Notice sur l'Erpétologie de l'île de Java. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie, vol. 9, no 203, p. 233-240 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté le 9 novembre 2017
  3. Zeeshan A. Mirza, Virender Kumar Bhardwaj et Harshil Patel, « A new species of snake of the genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas », Evolutionary Systematics, vol. 5, no 2,‎ 2 novembre 2021, p. 335–345 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 6 février 2022)
  4. Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Phan, Jiang & Murphy (2017): A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Cu Lao Cham Islands, central Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4286 (3): 333-346.
  5. Pauwels, Larsen, Suthanthangjai, David & Sumontha (2017): A new kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the first record of O. deuvei from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4291 (3): 531-548.
  6. Sumontha, Kunya, Dangsri & Pauwels (2017): Oligodon saiyok, a new limestone-dwelling kukri snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zootaxa, 4294 (3): 316-328.
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Oligodon: Brief Summary

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Oligodon est un genre de serpents de la famille des Colubridae.

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Ular kukri ( indonésien )

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Ular kukri adalah kelompok jenis-jenis ular bertaring belakang yang semuanya terklasifikasi sebagai marga Oligodon. Ular-ular ini tersebar luas di daerah tropis Asia bagian selatan dan tenggara. Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Kukri snake. Ular-ular ini dinamakan demikian karena gigi taring pada rahang ular-ular ini yang tajam dan bentuknya sangat mirip seperti bentuk pisau kukri, yaitu pisau tradisional Nepal. Taring tersebut mapu merobek kulit mangsa atau tangan manusia. Nama ilmiah ular-ular ini sendiri adalah Oligodon, berasal dari kata Oligos="sedikit", dan Odonta="gigi", karena jumlah gigi-gigi pada rahang ular-ular ini hanya sedikit, tidak seperti ular-ular lain pada umumnya.[1][2][3]

Spesies

Berikut adalah daftar spesies menurut situs The Reptile Database:[4]:

Referensi

  1. ^ "Kukri snake". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses 28 April 2011
  2. ^ Stuebing, R.B. & R.F. Inger. 1999. A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. p. 103
  3. ^ Tweedie, M.W.F. 1983. The Snakes of Malaya. Singapore National Printers, Singapore. p. 50-51
  4. ^ The Reptile Database: Genus Oligodon

  • Green, Marc D.; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Murphy, Robert W. (2010). "Toward a Phylogeny of the Kukri Snakes, Genus Oligodon ". Asian Herpetological Research 2 (1): 1-21.
  • Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (Genus Oligodon, pp. 195–201).

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Ular kukri: Brief Summary ( indonésien )

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Ular kukri adalah kelompok jenis-jenis ular bertaring belakang yang semuanya terklasifikasi sebagai marga Oligodon. Ular-ular ini tersebar luas di daerah tropis Asia bagian selatan dan tenggara. Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Kukri snake. Ular-ular ini dinamakan demikian karena gigi taring pada rahang ular-ular ini yang tajam dan bentuknya sangat mirip seperti bentuk pisau kukri, yaitu pisau tradisional Nepal. Taring tersebut mapu merobek kulit mangsa atau tangan manusia. Nama ilmiah ular-ular ini sendiri adalah Oligodon, berasal dari kata Oligos="sedikit", dan Odonta="gigi", karena jumlah gigi-gigi pada rahang ular-ular ini hanya sedikit, tidak seperti ular-ular lain pada umumnya.

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Oligodonai ( lituanien )

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Oligodonai (lot. Oligodon, angl. Kukri snake) – žaltinių (Colubridae) šeimos roplių gentis.

Priklauso nenuodingi kiaušinius dedantys ropliai, paplitę Rytų ir Pietų Azijoje.

Gentyje yra apie 50-60 rūšių. Jos gana įvairių raštų ir spalvų. Naktiniai gyvūnai. Gyvena miško paklotėje.

Nuorodos

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Oligodonai: Brief Summary ( lituanien )

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Oligodonai (lot. Oligodon, angl. Kukri snake) – žaltinių (Colubridae) šeimos roplių gentis.

Priklauso nenuodingi kiaušinius dedantys ropliai, paplitę Rytų ir Pietų Azijoje.

Gentyje yra apie 50-60 rūšių. Jos gana įvairių raštų ir spalvų. Naktiniai gyvūnai. Gyvena miško paklotėje.

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Oligodon ( norvégien )

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Oligodon er en slekt av snoker som ble først oppdaget av den østerrikske zoologen Leopold Fitzinger i 1826.[1].Den geografiske utbredelsen til Oligodon slekten strekker seg gjennom sentrale og tropiske Asia.[2][3]

Beskrivelse

Det vitenskapelige slektsnavnet for artene i denne slekten er Oligodon, disse artene går under det vanlige navnet "kukrislanger" (kukri snakes); Opprinnelsen av ordet "kukri" i navnet kommer fra formen og utseende på en nepalsk kukri kniv, en kniv som tennene på disse slangene minner svært mye om[3]; Slangene i denne slekten er for det meste egg-spisere, og her får slangen godt bruk for disse tennene da de er spesialdesignet til å penetrere og skjære opp eggeskall. Egg fra både fugler og reptiler blir spist[3]; Størrelse kan variere mye fra art til art, noen arter blir sjelden mer enn ca 300mm, mens andre kan bli over 1000mm i total lengde; Ofte så er det store forskjeller mellom artene på utsende og mønster, mens noen sjeldnere ganger kan to forskjellige arter se helt like ut selv for en ekspert; Farge og mønster kan variere stort mellom enkeltindivider fra én enkel art; Ett bitt fra disse slangene medfører ofte ganske kraftige blødninger, noe som er et resultat av de sylskarpe kukri kniv-liknende tennene som kan lage ganske så store skader på vev og blodkar[4]. Noen biologer foreslår også at arter i denne slekten er utstyrt med antikoagulerende sekret[5], da alle disse artene er utstyrt med en funksjonell "duvernoy's kjertel". At de skiller ut antikoagulerende sekret er ikke bevist og ingen gift er påvist i noen arter i denne slekten selv om alle artene skal ha denne kjertelen.[6]; Nakken og hodet går nesten i ett på alle artene, noe som er en fordel da disse slangene stort sett navigerer under topplaget på bakken, mange arter i denne slekten blir nettopp av denne grunnen sjeldent observert av menneskeøyne, men dette kan variere sterkt fra art til art.; De fleste artene, hvis ikke alle, er ovipari (eggleggere)[6], da det ikke er raportert om vivipari i noen av disse artene[7].; De aller fleste artene er skumrings- og nattaktive[3].

Arter

Det er 76 registrerte arter i Oligodon slekten ifølge "Reptile Database", oppdatert august 2017[8]

Vanlig navn Art Autor[a] Geografisk område Bevaringsstatus Kilde Western kukrislange, Malabar brown kukrislange O. affinis Günther, 1862 India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) LC IUCN RDB Light-barred kukrislange O. albocinctus (Cantor, 1839) Nepal, Bangladesh, India (Assam, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), Burma/Myanmar, Vietnam, Kina (Tibet, Yunnan) RDB Northern short-headed snake O. ancorus (Girard, 1858) Filippinene (Mindoro, Luzon) NT IUCN RDB Annam kukrislange O. annamensis Leviton, 1953 Vietnam (Lam Dang-provinsen) DD IUCN RDB Spotted kukrislange, ringed kukrislange O. annulifer (Boulenger, 1893) Brunei, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) LC IUCN RDB Sandy kukrislange O. arenarius Vassilieva, 2015 Sør-Vietnam (Ba Ria-Vung Tau-provinsen) RDB Russet kukrislange, Vanlig kukrislange, Banded kukrislange O. arnensis (Shaw, 1802) Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India (Vest-Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab), Pakistan, Nepal RDB Barron's kukrislange O. barroni (M.A. Smith, 1916) Thailand, Sør-Vietnam, Kambodsja, Sør-Laos LC IUCN RDB Javanese mountain kukrislange, Boie's kukrislange O. bitorquatus F. Boie, 1827 Indonesia (Java, muligens Sør-Sumatra og Sumbawa) LC IUCN RDB Boo-Liat's kukrislange O. booliati[9] Leong & Grismer, 2004 Malaysia (Tioman øya) CR IUCN RDB Short-tailed kukrislange, shorthead kukrislange O. brevicauda Günther, 1862 India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala) VU IUCN RDB Templeton's kukrislange O. calamarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Sri Lanka RDB Assam kukrislange O. catenatus (Blyth, 1854) India, Burma/Myanmar, Vietnam, Kambodsja, Sør-Kina (Guangdong, Guangxi) RDB Cat Tien kukrislange O. cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Van Devender & Böhme, 2013 Vietnam (Đồng Nai Province/Dong Nai) RDB Chinese kukrislange O. chinensis (Günther, 1888) Sør-Kina, Nord-Vietnam LC IUCN RDB Black cross-barred kukrislange, ashy kukrislange, golden kukrislange, Günther's kukrislange O. cinereus (Günther, 1864) India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh), Bangladesh, Kambodsja, Laos, Vietnam, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Kina (Yunnan, Hongkong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong) LC IUCN RDB O. condaoensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Le & Murphy, 2016 Sør-Vietnam (Hon Ba Island) RDB Pegu kukrislange O. cruentatus (Günther, 1868) Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB North-east Indian kukrislange, Cantor's kukrislange O. cyclurus (Cantor, 1839) India (Assam), Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kambodsja, Vietnam, Kina (Yunnan), Nepal, Bangladesh LC IUCN RDB O. deuvei[10] David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008 Kambodsja, Sør-Vietnam, Laos, Nordøst-Thailand[11] LC IUCN RDB Gray's kukrislange, Bengalese kukrislange O. dorsalis (Gray & Hardwicke, 1835) India (Assam), Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand RDB Durheim's kukrislange O. durheimi Vogel G., 2010 Nord-Sumatra i Indonesia (Batak Mountains) DD IUCN RDB Eberhardt's kukrislange O. eberhardti Pellegrin, 1910 Vietnam, Kina (Guangxi, Fujian), muligens Laos, Kambodsja og Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB Nagarkot kukrislange O. erythrogaster Boulenger, 1907 Sentrale-og Østlige-Nepal, India (Sikkim) RDB Red-striped kukrislange, Namsang kukrislange O. erythrorhachis Wall, 1910 India (Arunachal Pradesh) DD IUCN RDB Jewelled kukrislange, Everett's kukrislange[12] O. everetti Boulenger, 1893 Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah) LC IUCN RDB Small-banded kukrislange, Fasciolated kukrislange O. fasciolatus (Günther, 1864) Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kambodsja, Vietnam LC IUCN RDB Forbes' kukrislange O. forbesi (Boulenger, 1883) Indonesia (Selaru og Yamdena på Tanimbar-øyene) LC IUCN RDB Taiwan kukrislange, Formosa kukrislange O. formosanus (Günther, 1872) Vietnam, Taiwan, Sør-Kina (Chekiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Nan'ao øyene, Hainan, Guangxi, Hongkong, Zhejiang, Yunnan) RDB Hampton's kukrislange O. hamptoni Boulenger, 1918 Burma/Myanmar DD IUCN RDB Hua Hin kukrislange O. huahin[11] Pauwels, Larsen, Suthanthangjai, David & Sumontha, 2017 Thailand (Hua Hin Distriktet) NE Inornate kukrislange, unicolored kukrislange O. inornatus (Boulenger, 1914) Kambodsja, Nord- og Sørøst-Thailand LC IUCN RDB Jintakune's kukrislange O. jintakunei[13] Pauwels, Wallach, David, Chanhome, 2002 Sør-Thailand (Krabi) DD IUCN RDB Grey kukrislange, Joynson's kukrislange O. joynsoni (M.A. Smith, 1917) Nord-Thailand, muligens Laos, Burma/Myanmar, Kina (Yunnan) LC IUCN RDB Walnut kukrislange O. juglandifer (Wall, 1909) India (Sikkim), Vest-Bhutan VU IUCN RDB O. kampucheaensis[14] Neang, Grismer L & Daltry, 2012 Kambodsja RDB O. kheriensis[15] Acharji & Ray, 1936 India (Uttar Pradesh), Sørvestlige Nepal RDB Lacroix kukrislange O. lacroixi Angel & Bourret, 1933 Kina (Sichuan, Yunnan), Vietnam VU IUCN RDB O. lungshenensis Zheng & Huang, 1978 Kina (Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan) NT IUCN RDB Angel's kukrislange O. macrurus (Angel, 1927) Vietnam DD IUCN RDB Barred short-headed snake, spotted kukrislange O. maculatus (Taylor, 1918) Filippinene (Mindanao) LC IUCN RDB Arakan kukrislange, McDougall's kukrislange O. mcdougalli Wall, 1905 Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB Bluebelly kukrislange O. melaneus Wall, 1909 India RDB Abor Hills kukrislange O. melanozonatus Wall, 1922 India, Kina (Tibet) RDB Sulu short-headed snake, Meyerink's kukrislange O. meyerinkii (Steindachner, 1891) Filippinene (Bongao, Jolo, Papahang, Sibutu, Tawi-Tawi i Sulu Archipelago), muligens Malaysia (Sabah) EN IUCN RDB Spotted-bellied short-headed snake, Luzon kukrislange O. modestus GüntherDD, 1864 Filippinene (Mindanao, Negros, Tablas, Panay, Cebu, muligens Luzon) VU IUCN RDB Morice's kukrislange O. moricei[10] David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008 Sør-Vietnam DD IUCN RDB Cambodian kukrislange, Mouhot’s kukrislange O. mouhoti (Boulenger, 1914) Kambodsja, Øst og Vest-Thailand LC IUCN RDB O. nagao[16] David, Q. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynié & Ziegler, 2012 Nord-Vietnam, Sørvestlige-Kina (Guangxi), Laos RDB Nikhil's kukrislange O. nikhili Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982 India (Tamil Nadu) DD IUCN RDB O. notospilus Günther, 1873 Filippinene (Palawan, Busuanga, Balabac, Mindanao) RDB Eyed kukrislange, Ocellated kukrislange O. ocellatus (Morice, 1875) Kambodsja, Laos, Sør-Vietnam LC IUCN RDB Eight-lined kukrislange, eight-striped kukrislange, Grace's kukrislange O. octolineatus (Schneider, 1801) Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra), Malaysia (Malaysia halvøya, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore LC IUCN RDB Ornate kukrislange O. ornatus Van Denburgh, 1909 Kina (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Taiwan LC IUCN RDB Perkin's short-headed snake O. perkinsi (Taylor, 1925) Filippinene (Palawan, Culion og Calauit øyene) NT IUCN RDB Petronella's kukrislange O. petronellae Roux, 1917 Indonesia (Sumatra) DD IUCN RDB O. planiceps (Boulenger, 1888) Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB Pulau Weh kukrislange O. praefrontalis F. Werner, 1913 Indonesia (Weh Island) DD IUCN RDB Bleeker's kukrislange O. propinquus Jan, 1862 Indonesia (Java) RDB False striped kukrislange O. pseudotaeniatus[10] David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008 Thailand LC IUCN RDB O. pulcherrimus F. Werner, 1909 Indonesia (Sumatra) VU IUCN RDB Purple kukrislange, Brown kukrislange O. purpurascens (Schlegel, 1837) Brunei, Indonesia (Bali, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (Malaysia halvøya, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore, Thailand LC IUCN RDB Saint Giron's kukrislange O. saintgironsi[2] David, Vogel & Pauwels, 2008 Vietnam, Kambodsja DD IUCN RDB Sai Yok kukrislange O. saiyok[17] Sumontha, Kunya, Dangsri & Pauwels, 2017 Thailand (Kanchanaburi) NE Half-keeled kukrislange, Barred kukrislange, Banded kukrislange O. signatus (Günther, 1864) Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Malayahalvøya, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore LC IUCN RDB Splendid kukrislange O. splendidus (Günther, 1875) Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB Duméril's kukrislange O. sublineatus A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854 Sri Lanka LC IUCN RDB Striped kukrislange O. taeniatus (Günther, 1861) Kambodsja, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Burma/Myanmar, muligens Kina (Yunnan) LC IUCN RDB Streaked kukrislange, Loos snake O. taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkmenistan LC IUCN RDB Mandalay kukrislange, Theobald's kukrislange O. theobaldi (Günther, 1868) Bangladesh, Burma/Myanmar LC IUCN RDB O. torquatus (Boulenger, 1888) Burma/Myanmar DD IUCN RDB Travancore kukrislange O. travancoricus Beddome, 1877 India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) DD IUCN RDB Three-lined kukrislange O. trilineatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) Indonesia (Nias, Siberut, Sumatra) LC IUCN RDB O. unicolor (Kopstein, 1926) Indonesia (Selaru og Yamdena) LC IUCN RDB Jerdon's kukrislange O. venustus (Jerdon, 1853) India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) LC IUCN RDB Dark-spined kukrislange, vertebral kukrislange O. vertebralis (Günther, 1865) Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah) DD IUCN RDB Bleeker's kukrislange O. waandersi (Bleeker, 1860) Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Buton, Sula Islands) RDB Wagner’s kukrislange O. wagneri David & Vogel, 2012 Indonesia (Nias) RDB O. woodmasoni (Sclater, 1891) India (Nikobarene, muligens Andaman) RDB

Fotnoter

Type numrering
  1. ^ En binomial autor i parentes indikerer at arten har først vært beskrevet til en annen slekt enn Oligodon

Referanser

  1. ^ Fitzinger LJ. (1826). Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. zoologischen Museums zu Wien. Vienna: J.G. Heubner. 5 unnumbered + 67 pp. + one plate. (Oligodon, new genus, p. 56). (på Tysk og Latin).
  2. ^ a b «A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from northern Vietnam, southern China and central Laos» (PDF). Zootaxa. 1939: 19–37. 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d Marc David Green (2010) Molecular phylogeny of the snake genus Oligodon (Serpentes: Colubridae), with an annotated checklist and key. Master of Science Thesis, University of Toronto, i–viii + 1–161.
  4. ^ https://zenodo.org/record/256800/files/figure.png
  5. ^ «Defensive hemipenis display in the kukri snake Oligodon cyclurus ». Journal of Herpetology. 26: 238–241. 1992. doi:10.2307/1564874.
  6. ^ a b Rare Animals of India https://books.google.co.th/books?id=BUPcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false
  7. ^ http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?genus=Oligodon&submit=Search
  8. ^ «Søk i The Reptile Database». Besøkt 6. august 2017.
  9. ^ «A new species of kukri snake, Oligodon (Colubridae), from Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia» (PDF). Asiatic Herpetological Research. 10: 12–16. 2004. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 6. mai 2012.
  10. ^ a b c «A revision of the Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) group (Squamata: Colubridae), with the description of three new species from the Indochinese Region». Zootaxa. 1965: 1–49. 2008.
  11. ^ a b Pauwels, O. & Larsen, H. & Suthanthangjai, W. & David, P. & Sumontha, M. (2017). «A new kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the first record of O. deuvei from Thailand». Zootaxa. Vol. 4291 (No. 3): 531–548. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.6.
  12. ^ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Oligodon everetti, p. 86).
  13. ^ «A new species of Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Serpentes, Colubridae) from southern peninsular Thailand». Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University. 2 (2): 7–18. 2002.
  14. ^ Neang T, Grismer, Daltry JC. (2012). "A new species of kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia". Zootaxa 3388: 41–55.
  15. ^ Acharji MN, Ray HC. (1936). "A new species of Oligodon from the United Provinces (India)". Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 38: 519–520.
  16. ^ «A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from northern Vietnam, southern China and central Laos». Zootaxa. 3498: 45–62. 2012.
  17. ^ Sumontha, M. & Kunya, K. & Dangsri, S. & Pauwels, O. (2017). «Oligodon saiyok, a new limestone-dwelling kukri snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand». Zootaxa. Vol. 4294 (No. 3). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.2.

Eksterne lenker

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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( norvégien )

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Oligodon er en slekt av snoker som ble først oppdaget av den østerrikske zoologen Leopold Fitzinger i 1826..Den geografiske utbredelsen til Oligodon slekten strekker seg gjennom sentrale og tropiske Asia.

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Oligodon ( polonais )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Oligodonrodzaj węża z podrodziny Colubrinae w rodzinie połozowatych (Colubridae).

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Iranie, Turkmenistanie, Afganistanie, Pakistanie, Indiach, na Sri Lance, w Chinach (włącznie z Tajwanem), Nepalu, Bangladeszu, Bhutanu, Mjanmie, Tajlandii, Wietnamie, Laosie, Kambodży, Malezji, Singapurze, na Filipinach, Brunei i Indonezji[6].

Systematyka

Etymologia

  • Oligodon: gr. ολιγος oligos „mały, krótki”[7]; οδους odous, οδοντος odontos „ząb”[8].
  • Simotes: gr. σιμοτης simotēs, σιμοτητος simotētos „zadarty kształt nosa”, od σιμος simos „zadarty nos, płaskonosy”[3]. Gatunek typowy: Coluber russelius Daudin, 1803 (= Coluber arnensis Shaw, 1802).
  • Holarchus: gr. ὁλος holos „kompletny, cały”[9]; αρχος arkhos „odbyt”[10]. Gatunek typowy: nie podany.
  • Dicraulax: gr. δικρος dikros „rozwidlony”[11]; αυλαξ aulax, αυλακος aulakos „bruzda”[12]. Gatunek typowy: Simotes trinotatus A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854 (= Xenodon purpurascens Schlegel, 1837).

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[6]:

Przypisy

  1. Oligodon, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. F. Boie. Notice sur l’Erpétologie de l’ile de Java. „Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie”. 9, s. 236, 1826 (fr.).
  3. a b A.M.C. Duméril & G. Bibron: Erpétologie générale, ou, Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. T. 7. Cz. 1. Paris: Roret, 1854, s. 624–625. (fr.)
  4. E.D. Cope. An Analytical Table of the Genera of Snakes. „Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society”. 23, s. 488, 1886 (ang.).
  5. E.D. Cope. Prodromus of a new system of non-venomous snakes. „The American Naturalist”. 27, s. 480, 1893 (ang.).
  6. a b P. Uetz & J. Hallermann: Genus: Oligodon (ang.). The Reptile Database. [dostęp 2019-04-07].
  7. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 152.
  8. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 151.
  9. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 105.
  10. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 21.
  11. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 71.
  12. Jaeger 1944 ↓, s. 27.
  13. Praca zbiorowa: Zwierzęta: encyklopedia ilustrowana. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2005, s. 404. ISBN 83-01-14344-4.

Bibliografia

  1. E.C. Jaeger: Source-book of biological names and terms. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1944, s. 1–256. (ang.)
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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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Oligodon – rodzaj węża z podrodziny Colubrinae w rodzinie połozowatych (Colubridae).

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Oligodon ( roumain ; moldave )

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Oligodon[1] este un gen de șerpi din familia Colubridae.[1]

Specii[1]

Referințe

  1. ^ a b c Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)


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Oligodon: Brief Summary ( roumain ; moldave )

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Oligodon este un gen de șerpi din familia Colubridae.

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Chi Rắn khiếm ( vietnamien )

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Chi Rắn khiếm (danh pháp khoa học: Oligodon) là một chi rắn bản địa của khu vực ĐôngNam Á.

Các loài rắn của chi Oligodon là những động vật bò sát ăn trứng và thường có chiều dài dưới 90 cm (35 inch). Các loài thể hiện các kiểu màu và sọc không giống nhau. sinh sống chủ yếu nhờ việc lùng sục trứng chimbò sát. Ngoài trứng ra, chúng cũng ăn cả thằn lằn, ếch nhái và các loài động vật gặm nhấm nhỏ.

Các loài rắn của chi Oligodon có răng nọc ở phía sau. Chúng có một bộ các răng to nằm ở phía cuối miệng cũng như các tuyến nọc chức năng. Tuy vậy nhưng chúng lại không nguy hiểm cho con người. Các loài rắn này chủ yếu kiếm ăn ban đêm, và sống trên mặt đất trong các khu rừng trưởng thành.

Tên gọi trong tiếng Anh của rắn khiếm là kukri snake, do các răng sau rộng, phẳng và cong của chúng trông rất giống như kukri, một loại dao có hình dáng đặc biệt của người Nepal. Những chiếc răng này là sự thích nghi đặc biệt của rắn khiếm với loại hình thức ăn chủ yếu của chúng (trứng).

Các loài

Ghi chú


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan phân họ rắn Colubrinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Chi Rắn khiếm: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Chi Rắn khiếm (danh pháp khoa học: Oligodon) là một chi rắn bản địa của khu vực ĐôngNam Á.

Các loài rắn của chi Oligodon là những động vật bò sát ăn trứng và thường có chiều dài dưới 90 cm (35 inch). Các loài thể hiện các kiểu màu và sọc không giống nhau. sinh sống chủ yếu nhờ việc lùng sục trứng chimbò sát. Ngoài trứng ra, chúng cũng ăn cả thằn lằn, ếch nhái và các loài động vật gặm nhấm nhỏ.

Các loài rắn của chi Oligodon có răng nọc ở phía sau. Chúng có một bộ các răng to nằm ở phía cuối miệng cũng như các tuyến nọc chức năng. Tuy vậy nhưng chúng lại không nguy hiểm cho con người. Các loài rắn này chủ yếu kiếm ăn ban đêm, và sống trên mặt đất trong các khu rừng trưởng thành.

Tên gọi trong tiếng Anh của rắn khiếm là kukri snake, do các răng sau rộng, phẳng và cong của chúng trông rất giống như kukri, một loại dao có hình dáng đặc biệt của người Nepal. Những chiếc răng này là sự thích nghi đặc biệt của rắn khiếm với loại hình thức ăn chủ yếu của chúng (trứng).

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小頭蛇屬 ( chinois )

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小頭蛇屬學名Oligodon)是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個蛇,主要分布於亞洲南亞地區。

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小頭蛇屬: Brief Summary ( chinois )

fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科

小頭蛇屬(學名:Oligodon)是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個蛇,主要分布於亞洲南亞地區。

licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
维基百科作者和编辑