It is not known if or how humans benefited from Mystacina robusta.
There are no known adverse effects of Mystacina robusta on humans.
In previous times, some Mystacina robusta may have been killed by laughing owls in the North and South Islands. Rattus exulans is believed to have either caused or assisted the extinction of the greater short-tailed bat in the North and South Islands, as well as Stewart Island. The final extinction of M. robusta is believed to have been caused by ship rats in 1962 and 1963 when they were introduced accidentally on Big South Cape and Solomon Islands (Dowding and Murphy, 19990.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Mystacina robusta was a medium-sized and extremely robust bat species. Average size is about one-third larger than their congener, lesser short-tailed bats Mystacina tuberculata. Individuals had stocky bodies with prominent, pointed ears and nostrils and a set of short whiskers. The short tail penetrated the tail membrane on its dorsal surface. The hind legs and feet were very robust, positioned under the body for quadrupedal locomotion on the ground. The fur was dark brown. Mystacina robusta was about 90 mm in total length, with a wingspan of about 290-310 mm. The tail measured approximately 15 mm and the species was estimated to weigh 25-35 g (King, 1990).
Range mass: 25 to 35 g.
Range length: 90 (low) mm.
Range wingspan: 290 to 310 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
It is not known if the effects of ship rats on these bats was the result of predation, competition for food, or continual disturbance of roosting sites. Ship rats readily prey on bats in other areas. Several hundred Mystacina were reported in Puai Cave on Big South Cape, and regular sightings of flying bats were made on both islands as well. In August 1964, the last confirmed M. robusta was collected from Big South Cape. By 1965, there were very few bats at all. J.A. Mackintosh mist-netted the last confirmed M. robusta in 1965 on Solomon Island (Dowding and Murphy, 1999). By 1966, there were no bats on either island.
Mystacina robusta was listed as extinct by the IUCN Red List in 1990.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: critically endangered
Mystacina robusta is thought to have gone extinct around 40 years ago. Therefore, no information is known about how it communicated with other bats, or which senses were especially developed. Vision is well developed in the close relative Mystacina tuberculata in order to see the flowers they sometimes feed on. This species also emits a repetitive, high-frequency call that can be heard by the human ear from a distance of up to 50 meters. The hearing of M. tuberculata is also well developed for echolocation in order to locate prey. It is not known how either species of Mystacina communicates with potential mates.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
Information on lifespan/longevity for Mystacina robusta is not available.
Mystacina robusta does not play any role in the ecosystem of New Zealand because this species is thought to have been extinct for over 40 years. At one time, M. robusta probably played a role as an insectivore, a pollinator of flowers, and a disperser of seeds.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Big South Cape Island, adjacent to Solomon Island, rises to 240 m. The shorelines of both islands are rugged and contain numerous caves. The largest of these caves is at Puwai on the south coast of Big South Cape. This cave was occupied by both species of Mystacina until 1965 (Daniel and Baker, 1986). Individuals were also known to roost in seabird burrows. Mystacina robusta individuals probably foraged in moist forest and muttonbird scrub (Olearia) habitats, as do their smaller relatives, M. tuberculata.
Range elevation: 140 (low) m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: caves
Until 1965, Mystacina robusta was only known to have existed on Big South Cape and Solomon Islands in New Zealand. Subfossils in swamps and caves in the North and South Islands suggest its range was much larger several hundred years ago (King, 1990). Several hundred bats of this species occupied a cave at Puwai on Big South Cape Island until 1964-65. A couple of larger caves on Solomon Island were occupied until the 1950's.
Biogeographic Regions: oceanic islands (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
It is not known what exactly the greater short-tailed bat ate. It is believed to have eaten the same wide range of food as its close relative Mystacina tuberculata. These foods include ground and tree-trunk arthropods, fruit, nectar, and pollen. An analysis done on the stomach contents of two greater short-tailed bats revealed the presence of both rata pollen and fern spores (King, 1990). Both species of short-tailed bats were partly carnivorous and ate fat and meat plucked off muttonbirds from time to time. It is also possible that M. robusta ate nestling birds.
Animal Foods: birds; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; terrestrial worms
Plant Foods: fruit; nectar; pollen; flowers
Primary Diet: omnivore
Mystacina robusta is thought to have been monogamous. Other information regarding their mating system is not known. To attract females, males of the related species, M. tuberculata, fly to hollow trees and call with a repetitive, high-intensity noise which can be heard by the human ear from a distance of 50 meters. Other details of the breeding of M. tuberculata are not known.
Mating System: monogamous
Little is known about the reproduction of this species. They were thought to breed once a year. The time of breeding is not known since this species of bat is thought to have gone extinct about 40 years ago. J.A. Mackintosh found a juvenile specimen on Solomon Island and also observed several nursery colonies with adolescents in hollow rata trees and in the burrows of sooty shearwaters from late April to mid May of 1963-65 (Lloyd, 2001). This suggests that M. robusta had one young per year, born around April-May. This is approximately four or five months later than the birth season of Mystacina tuberculata. The time of mating and details of the reproductive cycle are not known, although mating by M. tuberculata occurs sometime between February and April.
Breeding interval: Greater short-tailed bats bred once yearly.
Breeding season: This information is not known for Mystacina robusta, but its closest relative, Mystacina tuberculata breeds between February and April
Range number of offspring: 1 to 1.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
No information is available about the parental investment of Mystacina robusta. However, as in other bat species, females would have nursed and cared for their single offspring until they became independent.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
El ratpenat cuacurt gros de Nova Zelanda (Mystacina robusta) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família Mystacinidae que es podria haver extingit l'abril de l'any 1965.[1]
Menja artròpodes, fruits, nèctar i pol·len, i potser també, cries d'ocells al niu.[4]
El ratpenat cuacurt gros de Nova Zelanda (Mystacina robusta) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família Mystacinidae que es podria haver extingit l'abril de l'any 1965.
Mystacina větší (Mystacina robusta) byl či je kriticky ohrožený druh náležící do čeledi mystacinovití (Mystacinidae) a rodu mystacina (Mystacina).[2] Místním jazykem se nazývala waitoreke.[3]
Mystacina větší byla středně velkým netopýrem dosahujícím velikosti kolem 9 cm, rozpětí křídel činilo až 31 cm a hmotnost až 35 g. Příbuznou mystacinu novozélandskou (M. tuberculata), ke které kdysi patřila mystacina větší jako její poddruh, velikostí přesahovala i o třetinu. Tento druh se dovedl pohybovat na zemi, kdy se pomocí svých ramen mohl prodírat v podrostu, pokud však rozvinul křídla, stal se nepříliš rychlým letcem. Uši jsou zašpičatělé a ocas pouze krátký. Srst má hnědou barvu.[4][5]
Mystacina větší se vyskytovala či vyskytuje na ostrově Nový Zéland (jako jeden ze tří netopýrů) a jedná se o zdejší endemit.[6] Žila na Stewartově ostrově a dalších přilehlých ostrovech (jako ostrov Big South Cape), přestože historický rozsah výskytu mystacin byl mnohem větší.[3] Domovinu mystacin větších představovaly lesy, přičemž den trávily ve vápencových jeskyních; těch je na ostrově Big South Cape velké množství (největší z nich se jmenuje Puwai).[4][6] O chování tohoto druhu se mnoho neví. Ve svém areálu výskytu zastupoval nebo zastupuje ekologickou roli hlodavců, kteří na ostrov nepronikli.[3] Asi tak hodinu až dvě po západu slunce začaly být mystaciny aktivní a o jejich komunikaci nejsou známy informace. Rovněž složení potravy zůstalo u mystaciny větší neznámé. Mystaciny novozélandské žerou například členovce, ovoce, nektar a pyl a podobnou stravou se mohla živit i mystacina větší. Systém páření byl zřejmě monogamní, zdá se, že se rodiče pářili pouze jedenkrát za rok a narodil se (duben−květen) jim jeden netopýr.[4]
Nebezpečí pro netopýry na Novém Zélandu představuje kácení lesů,[5] pro mystacinu větší se pak stala hlavní hrozbou introdukce krys ostrovních (Rattus exulans).[6] Již zhruba v 19. století obývala svůj zmenšený areál výskytu[6] a poslední netopýři žili na ostrovech Big South Cape a blízkém Putauhina.[7] Zde však došlo v 60. letech 20. století k introdukci krys a pokles byl velice rychlý. Mystaciny nebyly pozorovány už v roce 1967.[3] Roku 1988 mystacinu větší Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody označil za vyhynulou. Na obou ostrovech později došlo k vyhubení nepůvodních krys (populace mystacin novozélandských se rovněž po vyhubení nepůvodních predátorů stala stabilnější[7]) a po těchto krocích přišla hlášení o spatření netopýrů na Putauhině a na Big South Cape. Byla zaznamenáno echolokace, jíž mohl tento druh vydávat.[6] Došlo k přeřazení mezi kriticky ohrožené druhy[7] a pro zachování jsou potřebné další průzkumy. Mohlo by zde žít však pouze méně než 50 dospělců.[6] Úmluva o mezinárodním obchodu s ohroženými druhy volně žijících živočichů a rostlin mystacinu větší nezaznamenává.[4]
Mystacina větší (Mystacina robusta) byl či je kriticky ohrožený druh náležící do čeledi mystacinovití (Mystacinidae) a rodu mystacina (Mystacina). Místním jazykem se nazývala waitoreke.
Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus (Mystacina robusta) ist eine ausgestorbene Fledermausart aus der Familie der Neuseelandfledermäuse. Bei der wissenschaftlichen Erstbeschreibung im Jahre 1962 wurde sie noch als Unterart der Kleinen Neuseelandfledermaus (Mystacina tuberculata) angesehen; 1985 erhielt sie aufgrund der morphologischen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Taxa den Status einer eigenständigen Art (Hill & Daniel 1985).
Die Art ist subfossil und fossil von der Nordinsel und der Südinsel bekannt, wo sie zu Zeiten der Besiedelung Neuseelands durch die Māori weit verbreitet war. Im 20. Jahrhundert kam sie nur noch auf den südlich der Südinsel gelegenen Inseln Stewart Island, Big South Cape und Solomon vor, wo sie 1965 zuletzt gesehen und vermutlich bis 1967 durch die Nachstellung eingeschleppter Ratten ausgerottet wurde. Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus war größer als die nahe verwandte, heute noch existierende Kleine Neuseelandfledermaus. Weitere Unterscheidungsmerkmale waren die kürzeren und breiteren Nasenlöcher, die kürzeren Flügel und der kräftigere Gaumen. Die Länge (einschließlich Schwanz) betrug 90 Millimeter, die Unterarmlänge 46,6 bis 48,3 Millimeter, die Schienbeinlänge 19,0 bis 19,7 Millimeter und die Ohrenlänge 18,8 bis 19,1 Millimeter. Das Körpergewicht betrug 25 bis 35 Gramm.
Neuseelandfledermäuse haben kräftige Beine, mit denen sie geschickt und flink über den Boden krabbeln können. Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus flog langsam und stieg dabei nie mehr als zwei oder drei Meter über dem Boden. Sie ernährte sich vornehmlich von Insekten, die sie am Boden fing, aber auch von Küken des Dunklen Sturmtaucherns (Puffinus griseus). Als Schlafplatz benutzte sie die Bruthöhlen von Sturmtauchern. Die Paarungszeit war von April bis Mai.
Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus (Mystacina robusta) ist eine ausgestorbene Fledermausart aus der Familie der Neuseelandfledermäuse. Bei der wissenschaftlichen Erstbeschreibung im Jahre 1962 wurde sie noch als Unterart der Kleinen Neuseelandfledermaus (Mystacina tuberculata) angesehen; 1985 erhielt sie aufgrund der morphologischen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Taxa den Status einer eigenständigen Art (Hill & Daniel 1985).
Die Art ist subfossil und fossil von der Nordinsel und der Südinsel bekannt, wo sie zu Zeiten der Besiedelung Neuseelands durch die Māori weit verbreitet war. Im 20. Jahrhundert kam sie nur noch auf den südlich der Südinsel gelegenen Inseln Stewart Island, Big South Cape und Solomon vor, wo sie 1965 zuletzt gesehen und vermutlich bis 1967 durch die Nachstellung eingeschleppter Ratten ausgerottet wurde. Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus war größer als die nahe verwandte, heute noch existierende Kleine Neuseelandfledermaus. Weitere Unterscheidungsmerkmale waren die kürzeren und breiteren Nasenlöcher, die kürzeren Flügel und der kräftigere Gaumen. Die Länge (einschließlich Schwanz) betrug 90 Millimeter, die Unterarmlänge 46,6 bis 48,3 Millimeter, die Schienbeinlänge 19,0 bis 19,7 Millimeter und die Ohrenlänge 18,8 bis 19,1 Millimeter. Das Körpergewicht betrug 25 bis 35 Gramm.
Neuseelandfledermäuse haben kräftige Beine, mit denen sie geschickt und flink über den Boden krabbeln können. Die Große Neuseelandfledermaus flog langsam und stieg dabei nie mehr als zwei oder drei Meter über dem Boden. Sie ernährte sich vornehmlich von Insekten, die sie am Boden fing, aber auch von Küken des Dunklen Sturmtaucherns (Puffinus griseus). Als Schlafplatz benutzte sie die Bruthöhlen von Sturmtauchern. Die Paarungszeit war von April bis Mai.
The New Zealand greater short-tailed bat (Mystacina robusta) is one of two species of New Zealand short-tailed bats, a family (Mystacinidae) unique to New Zealand. Larger than the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat, there have been no confirmed sightings of this species since 1965[3] and it is considered to be critically endangered, if not extinct.[4] In prehistoric times it lived in the North and South Islands but by the time of European arrival was restricted to small islands near Stewart Island/Rakiura. A rat invasion of Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island in 1963 was thought to have led to the species' extinction,[5] however, recent surveys have raised hopes that the species may still exist.[6]
M. robusta was not considered to be separate from the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) until 1962, when it was suggested as a subspecies.[7] It was not recognized as a completely separate species within Mystacinidae until 1985, long after it was thought to have become extinct.[8] Morphologically, M. robusta is larger than M. tuberculata with specimens of the former having a mean forearm length of 45.3-47.5mm as opposed to the latter, 40-45mm, which also has larger ears that reach beyond the muzzle when pushed forward.[7] It is described as having a wingspan of 300mm[9] and a body length of 90mm.[10]
Very little is known about the biology of the species, since it was not recognized as a separate species until after it is believed to have become extinct.[8] Edgar Stead visited Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island in 1936 and made several observations. He described the species as flying no more than “ten feet above the ground” and always after dusk.[11] At one point he found seven bats roosting in a tree cavity in a state of torpor. After capturing a few and putting them in a cage they crawled around on the floor,[11] much like New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats are known to do. As well as roosting in tree cavities, it is known that they roosted in granite caves on Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island and Rerewhakaupoko/Solomon Island.[5]
The few existing photos show that this species had dark-brown fur and darker wings.[5] Nothing is known about their natural diet; however, it is likely to be similar to the diet of the closely related lesser short-tailed bat, which eats insects, especially beetles, flies, and moths, as well as flowers, fruit, nectar, and pollen.[12] As a highly endangered member of an ancient evolutionary family, the species is accorded a high ranking on the EDGE list of mammals, sitting ninth.[10]
Sub-fossil evidence suggests that M. robusta was widespread throughout New Zealand until the arrival of the Polynesian rat/Kiore.[13][14] There are no records of this species from the North Island and South Island since the arrival of Europeans and it was probably restricted to several islands near Stewart island/Rakiura by this time.[13] The only records from the twentieth century are from caves on Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island and Rerewhakaupoko/Solomon Island.[15] Here it survived in the absence of rats until the 1960s.
The last refuge of this species was Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island until ship rats (Rattus rattus) were accidentally introduced in 1963. This rodent invasion decimated the bird life of the island, leading to the extinction of Stead's bush wren (Xenicus longipes variabilis) and South Island snipe (Coenocorypha iredalei). The South Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus) was only saved by the translocation of 36 individuals to a nearby island.[5] M. robusta, not recognized as a separate species at the time, was not considered a priority for conservation effort and was believed to have subsequently become extinct, last seen in 1965.[3]
In the late 2000s, eyewitness reports of bats from Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island and nearby Putauhina Island spurred new searches for this species.[16] In 1999 an expedition to the islands recorded unusual "mystacinid-like" echolocation calls on Putauhina Island, but no bats were seen or caught on this or a subsequent expedition in 2009.[16] As a result of this evidence the IUCN status of the species, formerly listed as extinct, has been changed to 'critically endangered'[4] and the New Zealand threat classification is currently 'data deficient'.[16] Further searches are required to ascertain if the species still persists on these islands. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction.[17] The bat is among the 25 "most wanted lost" species that are the focus of Global Wildlife Conservation's "Search for Lost Species" initiative.[18]
The New Zealand greater short-tailed bat (Mystacina robusta) is one of two species of New Zealand short-tailed bats, a family (Mystacinidae) unique to New Zealand. Larger than the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat, there have been no confirmed sightings of this species since 1965 and it is considered to be critically endangered, if not extinct. In prehistoric times it lived in the North and South Islands but by the time of European arrival was restricted to small islands near Stewart Island/Rakiura. A rat invasion of Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island in 1963 was thought to have led to the species' extinction, however, recent surveys have raised hopes that the species may still exist.
Mystacina robusta es una especie de murciélago de la familia Mystacinidae.[2]
Es endémica de Nueva Zelanda. No se han confirmado los registros de la especie desde 1967 cuando fue encontrada en la Isla Grande del Sur del Cabo (cerca de la Isla Stewart). Es posible que aún persista en algunas otras islas pequeñas cerca de la isla Stewart.[1]
Mystacina robusta es una especie de murciélago de la familia Mystacinidae.
Mystacina robusta Mystacina generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Mystacinidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Mystacina robusta Mystacina generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Mystacinidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Mystacina robusta est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Mystacinidae.
Cette espèce est endémique de Nouvelle-Zélande[1]. Elle n'a pas été observée depuis 1965[2],[3].
Mystacina robusta est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Mystacinidae.
Il pipistrello dalla coda corta della Nuova Zelanda maggiore (Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962) è un pipistrello della famiglia endemico della Nuova Zelanda.[1][2]
Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 61 e 66 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 46,6 e 48,3 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 16,6 e 18,6 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 18,8 e 19,1 mm.[3]
Il corpo è più grande e robusto rispetto al pipistrello dalla coda corta della Nuova Zelanda minore. La pelliccia è corta, vellutata ed estremamente densa. Il colore generale del corpo è marrone scuro. Il muso è corto, appuntito e con le narici tubulari. Le orecchie sono lunghe, strette e ben separate tra loro. Il trago è lungo, sottile ed affusolato. Sui fianchi sono presenti delle tasche cutanee dove le ali vengono riposte per muoversi più agilmente sul terreno. Gli arti inferiori sono corti e tozzi. L'estremità della coda fuoriesce dall'uropatagio sulla sua superficie dorsale.
Si rifugia all'interno di grotte e talvolta nidi di uccelli marini. Forma vivai. Il volo è lento ed effettuato fino a 2-3 metri dal suolo. anche se non osservato direttamente potrebbe avere un comportamento terricolo del tutto simile all'altra specie del genere. L'attività predatoria inizia una o due ore dopo il tramonto. Non entra in ibernazione nei periodi più freddi.
Si nutre di polline, spore di felci, artropodi e talvolta di grasso e carne di berte lasciate essiccare la notte dai locali e probabilmente anche di pulcini di uccelli nativi.
Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta all'anno. Gli accoppiamenti avvengono ad aprile e maggio.
I resti sub-fossili indicano che in passato questo pipistrello fosse diffuso sulle due isole principali della Nuova Zelanda. La sua graduale scomparsa iniziò poco dopo l'arrivo dei primi colonizzatori europei agli inizi del XIX secolo, rimanendo confinato soltanto su due piccole isole, Big South Cape e Solomon, vicino alla più grande isola di Stewart. Nel 1962 o 1963, con l'introduzione del ratto nero, anche queste ultime popolazioni relitte furono decimate. L'ultimo avvistamento confermato risale all'aprile del 1967, sebbene successivamente siano state riportate osservazioni non confermate che potrebbero riferirsi a questa specie, in particolare alcune registrazioni di ultrasuoni effettuate nel 1999 sull'isola di Putauhina che apparterrebbero ad una forma diversa dalla più comune M.tuberculata.
Vive nelle foreste di latifoglie del genere Olearia e di Metrosideros umbellata.
La IUCN Red List, considerato che non ci sono state più osservazioni confermate dall'ultima risalente al 1967 e che se effettivamente sopravvive su alcune piccole isole la popolazione dovrebbe essere notevolmente ridotta a non più di 50 individui maturi, classifica M.robusta come specie in grave pericolo (CR).[1]
La Società Zoologica di Londra, in base ad alcuni criteri evolutivi e demografici, la considera una delle 100 specie di mammiferi a maggior rischio di estinzione.
Il pipistrello dalla coda corta della Nuova Zelanda maggiore (Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962) è un pipistrello della famiglia endemico della Nuova Zelanda.
De grote Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis (Mystacina robusta) is een uitgestorven vleermuis uit de familie der Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuizen (Mystacinidae) die voorkwam in Nieuw-Zeeland. Deze soort is bekend van subfossiel en fossiel materiaal van Noordereiland en Zuidereiland, een aantal exemplaren uit het Zuidereiland uit 1902, en van dieren uit de eilanden Big South Cape en Solomon ten zuiden van het Zuidereiland, waar de soort in het midden van de jaren 60 door ingevoerde ratten werd uitgeroeid.
De grote Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis was groter dan zijn verwant, de nog levende Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis (M. tuberculata), en had bredere en kortere neusgaten, een relatief kortere vleugel, en een sterker gehemelte. De kop-romplengte bedroeg 61 tot 66 mm, de staartlengte 16,6 tot 18,6 mm, de voorarmlengte 46,6 tot 48,3 mm, de tibialengte 19,0 tot 19,7 mm en de oorlengte 18,8 tot 19,1 mm.
Waarschijnlijk at dit dier zowel plantaardig materiaal als stuifmeel en varens als dierlijk materiaal als vogels en geleedpotigen. De vlucht was langzaam en ze kwamen nauwelijks meer dan twee of drie meter boven de grond. De paartijd was voor zover bekend in april-mei.
De grote Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis (Mystacina robusta) is een uitgestorven vleermuis uit de familie der Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuizen (Mystacinidae) die voorkwam in Nieuw-Zeeland. Deze soort is bekend van subfossiel en fossiel materiaal van Noordereiland en Zuidereiland, een aantal exemplaren uit het Zuidereiland uit 1902, en van dieren uit de eilanden Big South Cape en Solomon ten zuiden van het Zuidereiland, waar de soort in het midden van de jaren 60 door ingevoerde ratten werd uitgeroeid.
De grote Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis was groter dan zijn verwant, de nog levende Nieuw-Zeelandse vleermuis (M. tuberculata), en had bredere en kortere neusgaten, een relatief kortere vleugel, en een sterker gehemelte. De kop-romplengte bedroeg 61 tot 66 mm, de staartlengte 16,6 tot 18,6 mm, de voorarmlengte 46,6 tot 48,3 mm, de tibialengte 19,0 tot 19,7 mm en de oorlengte 18,8 tot 19,1 mm.
Waarschijnlijk at dit dier zowel plantaardig materiaal als stuifmeel en varens als dierlijk materiaal als vogels en geleedpotigen. De vlucht was langzaam en ze kwamen nauwelijks meer dan twee of drie meter boven de grond. De paartijd was voor zover bekend in april-mei.
Mystacina robusta é uma espécie de morcego da família Mystacinidae. Endêmico da Nova Zelândia. Não há registros confirmados para a espécie desde 1967 quando ela foi encontrada na ilha Big South Cape (próxima a ilha Stewart). É possível que ainda persista em algumas outras pequenas ilhas próximas a ilha Stewart.
Mystacina robusta é uma espécie de morcego da família Mystacinidae. Endêmico da Nova Zelândia. Não há registros confirmados para a espécie desde 1967 quando ela foi encontrada na ilha Big South Cape (próxima a ilha Stewart). É possível que ainda persista em algumas outras pequenas ilhas próximas a ilha Stewart.
Mystacina robusta[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av John Duncan Dwyer 1962. Mystacina robusta ingår i släktet Mystacina och familjen markfladdermöss.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]
Levande individer av arten är bara kända från några mindre öar sydväst om Stewart Island i Nya Zeeland. Den senaste bekräftade iakttagelsen gjordes 1967 och det befaras att arten är utdöd. Kvarlevor av arten hittades även i andra regioner i Nya Zeeland.[1]
Arten var (eller är) större än markfladdermusen (Mystacina tuberculata) med en kroppslängd av cirka 9 cm, inklusive en 1,5 cm lång svans, en vingspann av 29 till 31 cm och en vikt mellan 25 och 35 g. Mystacina robusta hade en robust bål och spetsiga öron. Den korta svansen var inte helt inbäddad i flygmembranen mellan bakbenen. Arten extremiteter var anpassade för en rörelse på fyra fötter på marken. Pälsen hade allmänt en brunaktig färg.[6]
Levnadssättet är inte känt men det antas att arten hade samma beteende som markfladdermusen. Kvarlevor hittades bland annat i kalkstensgrottor som troligen var artens viloplats.[1]
Som orsak för artens decimering (eller utdöende) utpekas den introducerade polynesiska råttan (Rattus exulans). För att skydda den hypotetiska kvarvarande populationen dödades alla råttor på de öar där fladdermusen iakttogs senast. En expedition från 1999 registrerade ljud som fladdermöss använder vid ekolokalisering. Det liknade markfladdermusens ljud men var inte helt likadant. Olika lekman berättade att de hittade fladdermöss på öarna vad som behöver bekräftas av zoologer. De närmaste kända populationerna av markfladdermusen och av långsvansad fladdermus (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) lever 50 km längre norrut.[1]
Wikispecies har information om Mystacina robusta.
Mystacina robusta är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av John Duncan Dwyer 1962. Mystacina robusta ingår i släktet Mystacina och familjen markfladdermöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Levande individer av arten är bara kända från några mindre öar sydväst om Stewart Island i Nya Zeeland. Den senaste bekräftade iakttagelsen gjordes 1967 och det befaras att arten är utdöd. Kvarlevor av arten hittades även i andra regioner i Nya Zeeland.
Arten var (eller är) större än markfladdermusen (Mystacina tuberculata) med en kroppslängd av cirka 9 cm, inklusive en 1,5 cm lång svans, en vingspann av 29 till 31 cm och en vikt mellan 25 och 35 g. Mystacina robusta hade en robust bål och spetsiga öron. Den korta svansen var inte helt inbäddad i flygmembranen mellan bakbenen. Arten extremiteter var anpassade för en rörelse på fyra fötter på marken. Pälsen hade allmänt en brunaktig färg.
Levnadssättet är inte känt men det antas att arten hade samma beteende som markfladdermusen. Kvarlevor hittades bland annat i kalkstensgrottor som troligen var artens viloplats.
Som orsak för artens decimering (eller utdöende) utpekas den introducerade polynesiska råttan (Rattus exulans). För att skydda den hypotetiska kvarvarande populationen dödades alla råttor på de öar där fladdermusen iakttogs senast. En expedition från 1999 registrerade ljud som fladdermöss använder vid ekolokalisering. Det liknade markfladdermusens ljud men var inte helt likadant. Olika lekman berättade att de hittade fladdermöss på öarna vad som behöver bekräftas av zoologer. De närmaste kända populationerna av markfladdermusen och av långsvansad fladdermus (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) lever 50 km längre norrut.
Країни поширення: Нова Зеландія. Не було підтвердженого спостереження виду з 1967 року, можливо, вимер. Ймовірно, як і Mystacina tuberculata, це був лісовий вид. Останки цього виду знайдені в вапнякових печерах, отже він спочивав у печерах, і не виключено, що цей вид також спочивав у дуплах дерев, хоча немає прямих доказів цього.
Загальна довжина 90 мм і розмах крил 290-310 мм. Вага від 25 до 35 гр. Вуха загострені. Хвіст короткий (15 мм). Хутро темно-коричневе.
Споживав членистоногих, фрукти, нектар і пилок. Ймовірно був моногамним.
Dơi đuôi ngắn lớn New Zealand (Mystacina robusta) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Mystacinidae, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Dwyer mô tả năm 1962.[1]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Mystacina robusta tại Wikimedia Commons
Dơi đuôi ngắn lớn New Zealand (Mystacina robusta) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Mystacinidae, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Dwyer mô tả năm 1962.
強壯短尾蝠（Mystacina robusta）或稱作大短尾蝠，是紐西蘭特有的一種短尾蝠。史前牠們已經分佈在北島及南島，但後來就只有在斯圖爾特島出沒。牠們在地上爬行的能力，能夠如同飛行般熟練。牠們的雙翼可以在身體兩側摺曲成小袋，使牠們能夠穿越山洞或叢林。
強壯短尾蝠在毛利人到達紐西蘭前數量仍很多。牠們會棲息在海鳥的巢。牠們飛行得很慢，從不飛高於地面2-3米的高度。牠們是吃花蜜，或是會吃其他鳥類。牠們最後的棲息地是在Big South Cape Island，但可能因黑鼠的到來而消失。最後的標本是於1965年採集到的。
強壯短尾蝠（Mystacina robusta）或稱作大短尾蝠，是紐西蘭特有的一種短尾蝠。史前牠們已經分佈在北島及南島，但後來就只有在斯圖爾特島出沒。牠們在地上爬行的能力，能夠如同飛行般熟練。牠們的雙翼可以在身體兩側摺曲成小袋，使牠們能夠穿越山洞或叢林。
強壯短尾蝠在毛利人到達紐西蘭前數量仍很多。牠們會棲息在海鳥的巢。牠們飛行得很慢，從不飛高於地面2-3米的高度。牠們是吃花蜜，或是會吃其他鳥類。牠們最後的棲息地是在Big South Cape Island，但可能因黑鼠的到來而消失。最後的標本是於1965年採集到的。
뉴질랜드큰짧은꼬리박쥐(Mystacina robusta)는 짧은꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐이다.[2] 뉴질랜드의 토착종으로 짧은꼬리박쥐속의 현존하는 2종 중 하나이다.
중간 크기의 박쥐로 머리부터 몸까지 길이는 61~66mm, 전완장은 46.6~48.3mm, 꼬리 길이는 16.6~18.6mm이다. 귀 길이는 18.8~19.1mm이다.[3] 뉴질랜드작은짧은꼬리박쥐보다 크고 좀더 튼튼하다. 털은 짧고 부드러우며 아주 무성하다. 보통 짙은 갈색을 띤다. 주둥이 짧고 뾰족하며 콧구멍이 관 형태를 띤다.
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