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Confederate Wakerobin

Trillium reliquum J. D. Freeman

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Trillium reliquum recently has been reported from Alabama; I have not seen specimens from there. Otherwise, the species occurs in Clay, Early, and Richmond counties, Georgia, and in Aiken County, South Carolina. It is currently listed as an endangered species in the United States.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 91, 94, 115, 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Rhizomes short, stout, praemorse. Scapes 1–2, semidecumbent, decumbent, or weakly erect (especially in cultivation), S-shaped, round in cross section, 0.6–1.8 dm, glabrous. Bracts resting on or near ground surface, horizontally spreading, sessile; blade strongly mottled on each side of central light green stripe in shades of light green, dark green, bronze green, and dark purple, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate to elliptic, rounded-tapered ± equally from base to tip from widest point, 5–12 × 6–10 cm, apex rounded or weakly acute. Flower borne directly on bracts, odor of putrid meat; sepals divergent, somewhat recurved, green, maroon streaked, lanceolate, 17–42 × 5–9.5 mm, margins entire, flat, apex rounded-acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark brownish maroon, greenish purple, or streaked with yellow, usually not spirally twisted, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2.5–5.5 × 0.6–1 cm, thick-textured, margins entire, ± flat, apex acute; stamens erect, incurved, 12–20 mm; filaments ± straight, reddish brown, 1–2 mm, slender; anthers ± straight, dark purple, 4–20 mm, ± thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives brown-purple, extending 1–2.5 mm beyond anther sacs, apex acute; ovary green-purple, ovoid, 6-angled, 5–10 mm; stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, linear, 2–4 mm, uniformly thin. Fruits baccate, dark maroon-purple, fragrance unreported, ovoid, 6-winged or -angled apically, 0.7–1 cm, pulpy, moist.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 91, 94, 115, 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Ga., S.C.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 91, 94, 115, 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering late winter--spring (early Mar--Apr).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 91, 94, 115, 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Rich mixed deciduous forested slopes, bluffs, stream-flats, lower slopes at edge of small stream floodplains; of conservation concern; 50--100m.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 91, 94, 115, 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Trillium reliquum ( Azerbaijani )

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Trillium reliquum (lat. Trillium reliquum) — melantkimilər fəsiləsinin trillium cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə


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Trillium reliquum: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

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Trillium reliquum (lat. Trillium reliquum) — melantkimilər fəsiləsinin trillium cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Trillium reliquum

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Trillium reliquum, the relict trillium,[1] Confederate wakerobin,[2] or Confederate trillium, is a monocotyledon species of the genus Trillium, a perennial, flowering, herbaceous plant of the family Liliaceae. It is found only in the southeastern region of the United States: southwest, central and east central Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee. As a relict species, there are a few remaining groups but it was once more abundant when conditions were different. Significant habitat loss has occurred through clearing of forests for agricultural and pine farm uses.[3]

On April 4, 1988, it was officially listed as an endangered species.[4] The common name varies by location.[5] It grows in undisturbed hardwood forests that sometimes include mature pines and that are free of understory plants such as bushes and vines. It likes moist, well-drained soils along the banks of streams and small stream floodplains, mixed with other wildflowers and forest debris.[6]

Trillium reliquum was first collected near Augusta in 1901 but was not described as a new species until 1975.[3] In February 2010, hikers found the plant at the Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park in the Florida Panhandle. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is surveying the plants. February 23rd 2021 a local mountain biker in Cordova Alabama found the endangered species for the first time ever documented in Walker County Alabama.

Description

Trillium reliquum has a sessile flower on a curved stem at the center of its three mottled leaves that are blue-green, to green to silver in color. It flowers from March to April.[3] From the end of a stocky underground rhizome, the plant sprouts a single shoot topped by the three mottled leaves and a single sessile flower; the flower is only half the size of the leaves. The stem is normally not erect, but rather lies along the ground. The flower consists of three petals, alternating with three sepals.[7] The flowers can be greenish to brownish-purple and even pure yellow at times. Its three sepals spread out and usually are a purple color on the inside. The three petals tend to be erect and somewhat twisted, varying from dark purple to yellow in color. The petals are about twice as long as the stamens.[8] The fruit, which is a round, fleshy capsule, appears from May to June.

Future

The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service lists this plant as surviving in 21 sites in Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina.[7] The relict trillium has also been found in Tennessee and Florida. The reasons for the restrictions of this formerly widespread plant to only a few locations is not entirely clear. It is not commonly collected in the wild (for aesthetic or other uses) and is therefore considered relatively safe, in spite of its endangerment. There is no evidence that its numbers have declined recently.[7]

References

  1. ^ Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium reliquum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford. Retrieved July 16, 2019 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trillium reliquum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Georgia Department of Natural Resources. "trillium reliquum Freeman" (PDF). www.georgiawildlife.org. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  4. ^ "Species Profile for Relict trillium (Trillium reliquum)". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  5. ^ "Profile for Trillium reliquum (Confederate wakerobin)". USDA PLANTS. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  6. ^ "Endangered Species - Species ID". www.sas.usace.army.mil. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  7. ^ a b c Rumsey, Frank (2001). Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 1540. ISBN 9780761471943.
  8. ^ "Relict Trillium (Trillium reliquum) Species Profile". www.goldendelighthoney.com. Retrieved November 15, 2009.

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wikipedia EN

Trillium reliquum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Trillium reliquum, the relict trillium, Confederate wakerobin, or Confederate trillium, is a monocotyledon species of the genus Trillium, a perennial, flowering, herbaceous plant of the family Liliaceae. It is found only in the southeastern region of the United States: southwest, central and east central Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee. As a relict species, there are a few remaining groups but it was once more abundant when conditions were different. Significant habitat loss has occurred through clearing of forests for agricultural and pine farm uses.

On April 4, 1988, it was officially listed as an endangered species. The common name varies by location. It grows in undisturbed hardwood forests that sometimes include mature pines and that are free of understory plants such as bushes and vines. It likes moist, well-drained soils along the banks of streams and small stream floodplains, mixed with other wildflowers and forest debris.

Trillium reliquum was first collected near Augusta in 1901 but was not described as a new species until 1975. In February 2010, hikers found the plant at the Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park in the Florida Panhandle. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is surveying the plants. February 23rd 2021 a local mountain biker in Cordova Alabama found the endangered species for the first time ever documented in Walker County Alabama.

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Trillium reliquum ( French )

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Trillium reliquum est une plante herbacée, vivace et rhizomateuse de la famille des liliacées (classification classique) ou des mélanthiacées (classification APG II, 2003).

Description

Cette plante rare et très locale, qui ressemble au Trillium decumbens, a été longtemps méconnue. On ne la rencontre que dans quelques stations isolée du sud-est des États-Unis, où elle fleurit au printemps dans les forêts décidues et les plaines alluviales. Les pétales de 2,5 à 5,5 cm sont pourpres ou marron avec parfois des stries jaunes. Les sépales sont divergents, parfois renversés. Les feuilles sessiles ovales à elliptiques sont fortement tachées de part et d’autre d’une strie centrale vert pâle. Le fruit est une baie ovoïde, de couleur marron.

Aire de répartition

Très local en Géorgie et en Caroline du Sud.

Divers

En anglais son nom est Relict Trillium. Une forme albinos (f. luteum J.D. Freeman) à pétales jaune verdâtre a été découverte le long de la Chattahoochee River.

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Trillium reliquum: Brief Summary ( French )

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Trillium reliquum est une plante herbacée, vivace et rhizomateuse de la famille des liliacées (classification classique) ou des mélanthiacées (classification APG II, 2003).

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Trillium reliquum ( Vietnamese )

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Trillium reliquum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Melanthiaceae. Loài này được J.D.Freeman miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1975.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Trillium reliquum. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 2013.

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Trillium reliquum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Trillium reliquum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Melanthiaceae. Loài này được J.D.Freeman miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1975.

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