Comments
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Subtropical Himalayas in India and Pakistan where it is found in the foothill zone. It is not a common plant in our area.
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Comments
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The rhizomes are used medicinally.
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Description
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Plants 10-35 cm tall. Root tubers elongated. Leaves radical, lanceolate, plicate, sparsely long ciliate. Scape short, hidden among the leaf bases. Flowers in racemes, subsessile, the upper staminate, lower hermaphrodite, bracteate; bracts lanceolate. Tepals elliptic-oblong, 5-7 mm long, yellow, ciliate. Stamens about half the length of the perianth segments, anther linear. Ovary pubescent, separated from the perianth by a stipe, lanceolate, locules imperfect; ovules 6-8; stigmas 3. Fruit 1-4-seeded, beaked. Seeds oblong, grooved.
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Description
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Rhizomes erect, subcylindric, ca. 10 × 1 cm. Leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; leaf blade lanceolate to linear, usually 10--45(--90) × 0.5--2.5 cm, laxly pilose or glabrous, base tapering, apex narrowly acuminate. Flowering stems nearly enclosed in base of sheathing petiole, 6--7 cm, pilose; bracts lanceolate, 2.5--5 cm, margin ciliate. Inflorescences umbel-like racemes, 4--6-flowered. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Perianth yellow; segments oblong-lanceolate, 8--12 × 2.5--3 mm, outer ones sometimes abaxially laxly pilose. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as perianth segments; filament 1.5--2.5 mm; anther 2--4 mm. Ovary narrowly oblong, to 7.5 mm, pilose. Stigma lobes longer than style. Berry subfusiform, 1.2--1.5 × ca. 0.6 cm; beak ca. 2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr--Sep.
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Distribution
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Himalaya (Kashmir to Assam), India, Ceylon, east to Japan, Malaysia, Australia.
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Distribution
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Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
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Elevation Range
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500 m
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: July-August.
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Habitat
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Forests, open grassy slopes; near sea level to 1600 m.
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Synonym
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Curculigo orchioides var. minor Bentham.
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Curculigo orchioides
provided by wikipedia EN
Curculigo orchioides (commonly called golden eye-grass, xian mao, weevil-wort,[1] कालो मुस्ली (in Nepal) black musli,[2] Kali musli,[3] or Kali Musali[4]) is an endangered flowering plant species in the genus Curculigo. It is native to Nepal, China, Japan, the Indian subcontinent, Papuasia, and Micronesia.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Names
C. orchidoides is known as Nilappana (നിലപ്പന) meaning ground palm in Malayalam, କୁଆକେନ୍ଦା in Odiya, ତାଳମୂଳୀ in Bengali-Tallur, and நிலப்பனை in Tamil.
Chemical compounds
From C. orchidoides, several chemical compounds of the curculigoside class including curculigoside A, B, C and D[14] and curculigine A and D[15] have been isolated.[16]
References
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^ Hean Chooi Ong (2004). Tumbuhan liar: khasiat ubatan & kegunaan lain. Utusan Publications. p. 24. ISBN 9676116300.
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^ Kerala Agricultural University, Aromatic And Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, list of publications Archived 2014-01-10 at the Wayback Machine
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^ Francis, S. V.; Senapati, S. K.; Rout, G. R. (2007). "Rapid clonal propagation of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an endangered medicinal plant". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 43 (2): 140. doi:10.1007/s11627-007-9041-x. S2CID 40396225.
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^ Saba Irshad; J Singh; S P Jain; S P S Khanuja (2006). "Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Kali Musali): An endangered medicinal plant of commercial value". Natural Product Radiance. 5: 369–372.
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^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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^ Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 272 仙茅 xian mao Curculigo orchioides Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 63. 1788.
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^ Dassanayake (ed.) (2000). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 14: 1-307. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
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^ Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
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^ Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
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^ Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
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^ Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1992-1994). Flora Malesiana 11: 1-768. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
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^ Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1987). A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 20: 19-129.
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^ Guillaumin, A. (1948). Flore Analytique et Synoptique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie: 1-369. Office de la recherche scientifique coloniale.
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^ Valls, Josep; Richard, Tristan; Larronde, Fabienne; Leblais, Véronique; Muller, Bernard; Delaunay, Jean-Claude; Monti, Jean-Pierre; Ramawat, K.G.; Mérillon, Jean-Michel (2006). "Two new benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides". Fitoterapia. 77 (6): 416–9. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.05.013. PMID 16814485.
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^ Jiao, Lei; Cao, Da-Peng; Qin, Lu-Ping; Han, Ting; Zhang, Qiao-Yan; Zhu, Zheng; Yan, Fei (2009). "Antiosteoporotic activity of phenolic compounds from Curculigo orchioides". Phytomedicine. 16 (9): 874–881. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.01.005. PMID 19328665.
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^ Rivière, Céline; Richard, Tristan; Vitrac, Xavier; Mérillon, Jean-Michel; Valls, Josep; Monti, Jean-Pierre (2008). "New polyphenols active on β-amyloid aggregation". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (2): 828. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.028. PMID 18042380.
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Curculigo orchioides: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Curculigo orchioides (commonly called golden eye-grass, xian mao, weevil-wort, कालो मुस्ली (in Nepal) black musli, Kali musli, or Kali Musali) is an endangered flowering plant species in the genus Curculigo. It is native to Nepal, China, Japan, the Indian subcontinent, Papuasia, and Micronesia.
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