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Vallisneria americana plus various species of Sagittaria, Sparganium, and Blyxa aubertii form usually sterile basal rosettes of long, linear leaves in shallow water in North America. Vallisneria can easily be separated from the others by the following combination of char acter states: base of leaves nearly flat in cross section, broad band of lacunae along each side of midvein, roots without cross septa, and absence of milky juice. The three other genera have a different combinations for these characters.

Vallisneria spiralis Linnaeus has been reported in some of the older literature as being represented in North America. These reports are all based on a misapplication of the name V. spiralis and are actually V. americana. In warmer waters of southeastern United States are some populations of Vallisneria with much larger leaves that have been given the name V. neotropicalis. After considerable study of populations in the field, the plants formerly known as V. neotropicalis were determined to be just larger individuals of V. americana (R. M. Lowden 1982).

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Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Scapes: staminate scapes 30--50 mm, submersed; pistillate scapes elongate, projecting flowers to surface. Leaves 10--110 ´ 0.3--1.5 cm; leaf blade 3-zoned longitudinally, margins entire to serrate. Flowers: staminate flowers 1--1.5 mm wide; stamens 2, filaments basally connate; pistillate flowers solitary, rarely in umbel-like clusters. 2n = 20.
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Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; Asia.
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Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering summer--fall.
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Habitat

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Fresh to brackish waters of streams, lakes, rivers, and bays; 0--500m.
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Synonym

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Vallisneria neotropicalis Victorin
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Comprehensive Description

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Vallisneria americana Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 220. 1803
Leaves thicker than in the preceding, linear, 3-6 dm. long, 6-20 mm. wide, obtuse, often minutely denticulate on the margin ; peduncles of the pistillate plant 5-10 dm. long, curved, but scarcely spirally twisted in fruit ; spathe 2-2.5 cm. long, rather loose ; hypanthium in flowers 2.5-3 cm. long, fully 2 mm. thick, in fruit about 1 dm. long ; sepals oval, 5-6 mm. long, rounded at the apex ; petals about 2 mm. long ; stigmas large, about
5 mm. long, 2-cleft to near the base ; each division obliquely obovate, abruptly shortacuminate .
Type locality : Mississippi River.
Distribution : Florida to Mississippi.
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Percy Wilson, Per Axel Rydberg, Norman Taylor, Nathaniel Lord Britton, John Kunkel Small, George Valentine Nash. 1909. PANDANALES-POALES; TYPHACEAE, SPARGANACEAE, ELODEACEAE, HYDROCHARITACEAE, ZANNICHELLIACEAE, ZOSTERACEAE, CYMODOCEACEAE, NAIADACEAE, LILAEACEAE, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, ALISMACEAE, BUTOMACEAE, POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Vallisneria americana ( German )

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Vallisneria americana (Amerikanische Wasserschraube, Riesen-Vallisnerie) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Froschbissgewächse (Hydrocharitaceae).

Beschreibung

Die Blätter messen 10 bis 110 × 0,3 bis 1,5 Zentimeter. Die Blattspreite ist in Längsrichtung in drei Zonen unterteilt und ihr Rand ist ganz oder gesägt. Der Schaft der männlichen Blüten ist 30 bis 50 Millimeter lang und untergetaucht. Die Blüten sind 1 bis 1,5 Millimeter breit. Staubblätter sind 2 vorhanden. Die Staubfäden sind am Grund verwachsen. Der Schaft weiblicher Blüten ist verlängert, so dass die Blüten die Wasseroberfläche erreichen. Die Blüten sind meist einzeln, seltener in doldenähnlichen Büscheln angeordnet.

Die Blütezeit reicht vom Sommer bis zum Herbst.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 20.[1]

Vorkommen

Vallisneria americana wächst in Süß- und Brackwasser in Flüssen, Seen und Buchten in Höhenlagen von 0 bis 500 Meter. Die Art kommt in Kanada, den USA, Mexiko, in der Karibik und Mittelamerika und in Kolumbien vor.[2]

Systematik

Vallisneria americana wurde 1803 von Michaux erstbeschrieben. Ein Synonym ist Vallisneria neotropicalis Victorin.

Literatur

  • Robert R. Haynes: Vallisneria americana. In: Flora of North America Vol. 22 Hydrocharitaceae (online)
  • Christel Kasselmann: Aquarienpflanzen. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5, S. 433 (var. americana) und 434 (var. biwaensis).

Einzelnachweise

  1. Vallisneria americana bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  2. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Vallisneria americana. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 22. August 2016.
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Vallisneria americana: Brief Summary ( German )

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Vallisneria americana (Amerikanische Wasserschraube, Riesen-Vallisnerie) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Froschbissgewächse (Hydrocharitaceae).

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Vallisneria americana

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Vallisneria americana, commonly called wild celery, water-celery, tape grass, or eelgrass,[1] is a plant in the family Hydrocharitaceae, the "tape-grasses". V. americana is a fresh water species that can tolerate salt, living in salinities varying from fresh water (0 parts per thousand) to 18 parts per thousand, although the limit to the salt tolerance is unclear, and is generally dependent on the duration and intensity of the plants’ exposure to the saline water.[2][3][4] V. americana is a deep rooted plant with leaves, approximately one inch wide, with the ability to rise two or more meters above the clustered base of the plant.[5][6] Contrary to the implications of one of its common names, wild celery bears little to no resemblance to the celery used as a vegetable. V. americana grows under water and is consumed by various animals, including the canvasback. The plants themselves are long, limp, flat, and have a green mid-ridge.

Despite its name, it is not restricted to the Americas. It occurs naturally in Iraq, China, Japan, Korea, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Australia, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Venezuela.[1] It is found primarily in eastern North America, occurring west from Nova Scotia to South Dakota and South to the Gulf of Mexico. It has also been reported in the western states of Washington, Nebraska, New Mexico and Arizona.[5]

V. americana is cultivated for the aquarium trade, where it is a sold as a background plant.[7]

Habitat and importance

Like many seagrass ecosystems, V. americana beds provide a rich abundance of prey as food for other species, and is a refuge for many species, including commercial, recreational, endangered and invasive organisms, and also acts as a nursery for fishery species.[3][8] Beds of V. americana, especially in Louisiana, have been known to be homes to many crustacean, gastropods, invertebrates and fish, and have been known to be grazed on by West Indian Manatees.[2][8][9] The beds of V. americana are great at stabilizing sediment and shorelines, facilitating detrital food webs, and improving water quality by filtering the surrounding water.[2][3][4][9]

Factors for growth

The salinity tolerance of V. americana has been up to debate, and has been topic of many scientific research and experiments. It has been suggested that the difference between the collected data sets is due to the varying duration of the experiments and the different methodology used in each experiment.[3] The highest tolerance range is generally noted to be anywhere from ten parts per thousand to twenty parts per thousand.[2][3][4] Many experiments have shown that the general trend of growth is that as the salinity of the water goes up, the growth of the plant decreases, but the roots of the plants are known to show greater tolerance to salinity than the shoots do.[3]

Reproduction

V. americana generally maintains its population by clonal reproduction through the use of runners, but they are also capable of reproducing through the use of seeds.[5][10] Salinity seems to affect the germination process in the same way it does the growth of the plant.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b "Vallisneria americana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Doering, P; Chamberlain, R; Donohue, K; Steinman, A (1999). "Effect of salinity on the growth of Vallisneria americana Michx. From the Caloosahatchee estuary, Florida". Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science. 62 (2): 89–105.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Boustany, Ronald; Michot, Thomas; Moss, Rebecca (2010). "Effects of salinity and light on biomass and growth of Vallisneria americana from Lower St. Johns River, FL, USA". Wetlands Ecology and Management. 18 (2): 203–217. doi:10.1007/s11273-009-9160-8. S2CID 24446372.
  4. ^ a b c Lauer, N; Yeager, M; Kahn, A; Dobberfhl, D; Ross, C (2011). "The effects of short term salinity exposure on the sublethal stress respons of Vallisneria americana Michx (Hydrocharitaceae)". Aquatic Botany. 95 (3): 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.06.002.
  5. ^ a b c Korschgen, Carl; Green, William (1988). American Wildcelery (Vallisneria americana):Ecological Considerations for Restoration (19 ed.). La Crosse, Wisconsin: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report. pp. 1–24.
  6. ^ Wigand, Cathleen; Wehr, John; Limburg, Karin; Gorham, Bernadette; Longergan, Sean; Findlay, Stuart (2000). "Effects of Vallisneria americana (L.) on community structure and ecosystem function in lake mesocosms". Hydrobiologia. 418: 137–146. doi:10.1023/a:1003808220424. S2CID 31959546.
  7. ^ Wilson, Rhonda. "Vallisneria". Tropical Fish Hobbyist. TFH Publications. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  8. ^ a b Rozas, Lawrence; Minello, Thomas (2006). "Nekton Us of Vallisneria americana Michx. (Wild Celery) Beds and Adjacent Habitats in Coastal Louisiana". Estuaries and Coasts. 29 (2): 297–310. doi:10.1007/bf02781998. S2CID 84128307.
  9. ^ a b Doering, P.; Chamberlain, R.; McMunigal, J (2001). "Effects of simulated saltwater intrusions on the Growth and Survival of Wild Celery, Vallisneria americana, from the Caloosahatchee Estuary (South Florida)". Estuaries. 24 (6A): 894–903. doi:10.2307/1353180. JSTOR 1353180. S2CID 84460897.
  10. ^ a b Jarvis, Jessie; Moore, Kenneth (2008). "Influence of environmental factors on Vallisneria americana seed germination". Aquatic Botany. 88 (4): 283–294. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.001.

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Vallisneria americana: Brief Summary

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Vallisneria americana, commonly called wild celery, water-celery, tape grass, or eelgrass, is a plant in the family Hydrocharitaceae, the "tape-grasses". V. americana is a fresh water species that can tolerate salt, living in salinities varying from fresh water (0 parts per thousand) to 18 parts per thousand, although the limit to the salt tolerance is unclear, and is generally dependent on the duration and intensity of the plants’ exposure to the saline water. V. americana is a deep rooted plant with leaves, approximately one inch wide, with the ability to rise two or more meters above the clustered base of the plant. Contrary to the implications of one of its common names, wild celery bears little to no resemblance to the celery used as a vegetable. V. americana grows under water and is consumed by various animals, including the canvasback. The plants themselves are long, limp, flat, and have a green mid-ridge.

Despite its name, it is not restricted to the Americas. It occurs naturally in Iraq, China, Japan, Korea, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Australia, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Venezuela. It is found primarily in eastern North America, occurring west from Nova Scotia to South Dakota and South to the Gulf of Mexico. It has also been reported in the western states of Washington, Nebraska, New Mexico and Arizona.

V. americana is cultivated for the aquarium trade, where it is a sold as a background plant.

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Natura celerio ( Esperanto )

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Natura celerioAmerika valisnerio laŭ la latina scienca nomo (Vallisneria americana) estas planto de la familio de Hidrokaritacoj. Male al sugestoj de la nomo, la natura celerio ne similas al la celerio uzata kiel manĝebla vegetalo. La natura celerio kreskas sub akvo kaj estas konsumata de diversaj animaloj, kiaj la Blankadorsa anaso.

Spite la specia nomo, ĝi ne estas limigita al Ameriko. Ĝi vivas naturale en Irako, Ĉinio, Japanio, Koreio, Barato, Papuo-Nov-Gvineo, Filipinoj, Aŭstralio, Kanado, Usono, Meksiko, Gvatemalo, Honduro, Kubo, la Dominga Respubliko, Haitio kaj Venezuelo.[1]

Notoj

  1. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?400354
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Natura celerio: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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Natura celerio aŭ Amerika valisnerio laŭ la latina scienca nomo (Vallisneria americana) estas planto de la familio de Hidrokaritacoj. Male al sugestoj de la nomo, la natura celerio ne similas al la celerio uzata kiel manĝebla vegetalo. La natura celerio kreskas sub akvo kaj estas konsumata de diversaj animaloj, kiaj la Blankadorsa anaso.

Spite la specia nomo, ĝi ne estas limigita al Ameriko. Ĝi vivas naturale en Irako, Ĉinio, Japanio, Koreio, Barato, Papuo-Nov-Gvineo, Filipinoj, Aŭstralio, Kanado, Usono, Meksiko, Gvatemalo, Honduro, Kubo, la Dominga Respubliko, Haitio kaj Venezuelo.

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Vallisnérie d'Amérique ( French )

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Vallisneria americana

La vallisnérie d'Amérique[1] (Vallisneria americana) aussi connue sous les noms de vallisnérie américaine, vallisnérie géante ou d'herbe à la barbotte[2],[1], est une plante de la famille des Hydrocharitaceae. Cette plante pousse dans les milieux aquatiques et peut donner des feuilles de plus de 80 cm de long.

Synonymes (d'après ITIS)
  • Vallisneria spiralis var. asiatica (Michx.) Torr.
  • Vallisneria spiralis var. americana (Michx.) Torr.
  • Vallisneria spiralis auct. non L.
  • Vallisneria asiatica Michx.
  • Vallisneria neotropicalis Vict.

Pollinisation

La vallisnérie d'Amérique forme au fond de l’eau ses fleurs mâles et femelles sur des individus différents (diécie). Elle libère ensuite ses fleurs mâles qui montent jusqu’à la surface où elles s’ouvrent. Les fleurs femelles, quant à elles, poussent jusqu’à la surface où elles s’ouvrent à leur tour, parmi les fleurs mâles qui flottent autour. Après la fécondation, qui s’opère dans l’air, la fleur femelle se referme et retourne au fond de l’eau pour mûrir son fruit.

Notes et références

  1. a et b Luc Brouillet et al., « Vallisneria americana Michaux », sur VASCAN, la Base de données des plantes vasculaires du Canada, 2010 (consulté le 1er août 2011)
  2. Aquaportail, Vallisneria americana, description

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Vallisnérie d'Amérique: Brief Summary ( French )

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Vallisneria americana

La vallisnérie d'Amérique (Vallisneria americana) aussi connue sous les noms de vallisnérie américaine, vallisnérie géante ou d'herbe à la barbotte,, est une plante de la famille des Hydrocharitaceae. Cette plante pousse dans les milieux aquatiques et peut donner des feuilles de plus de 80 cm de long.

Synonymes (d'après ITIS) Vallisneria spiralis var. asiatica (Michx.) Torr. Vallisneria spiralis var. americana (Michx.) Torr. Vallisneria spiralis auct. non L. Vallisneria asiatica Michx. Vallisneria neotropicalis Vict.
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Nurzaniec amerykański ( Polish )

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Nurzaniec amerykański, n. olbrzymi (Vallisneria americana Michx.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny żabiściekowatych (Hydrocharitaceae). Pochodzi z ciepłych wód Ameryki Północnej i środkowej, Australii i Azji południowej i wschodniej. Zawleczony w wiele innych miejsc[2]. W Polsce uprawiany jako roślina akwariowa. Bylina dwupienna, rozrastająca się za pomocą kłącza. Ma długie równowąskie liście osiągające do ponad 150 cm długości.

Uprawa

Wymaga wody o pH 6,0-8,0 i temperaturze 18-30°C. Ma przeciętne wymagania świetlne i odżywcze. Jako roślina akwariowa zalecana jest do sadzenia w tylnej części wysokich akwariów, bądź zbiorników, w których roślina porastać ma częściowo lustro wody. Gatunek łatwy w hodowli, szybko się rozrasta i rozmnaża poprzez rozłogi, ma ozdobny wygląd, daje schronienie małym rybkom. Dobrze znosi okresowe wahania temperatur.

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2010-06-23].
  2. Vallisneria americana (ang.). USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [dostęp 28 grudnia 2008].
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Nurzaniec amerykański: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Nurzaniec amerykański, n. olbrzymi (Vallisneria americana Michx.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny żabiściekowatych (Hydrocharitaceae). Pochodzi z ciepłych wód Ameryki Północnej i środkowej, Australii i Azji południowej i wschodniej. Zawleczony w wiele innych miejsc. W Polsce uprawiany jako roślina akwariowa. Bylina dwupienna, rozrastająca się za pomocą kłącza. Ma długie równowąskie liście osiągające do ponad 150 cm długości.

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Vallisneria americana ( Turkish )

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İkili adlandırma Vallisneria americana
Michx.

Vallisneria americana, yaygın olarak yabani kereviz (vahşi kereviz),[1] su kerevizi,[1] çim bant (şerit),[1] eelgrass [1] veya flumine-Mississippi [1] (flumine Latince nehir anlamına gelmektedir.) adlarıyla bilinen Hydrocharitaceae ailesinden şerit-ot bitkisidir. Ortak ve bilinen isimlerinin aksine yabani kerevizin bilinen kereviz sebzesiyle çok az ve neredeyse hiç benzerlik taşımamaktadır. Vallisneria americana su altında büyür ve Canvasback gibi çeşitli hayvan türleri tarafından besin olarak tüketilir. Bitki uzun, gevşek ve yassı bir yapıda olup, yemyeşil bir orta sırt bölümü vardır.

Verilen taksonomik ada rağmen bitkinin florası yalnızca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile sınırlı değildir. Bitki doğal olarak Irak, Çin, Japonya, Kore, Hindistan, Papua Yeni Gine, Filipinler, Avustralya, Kanada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Meksika, Guatemala, Honduras, Küba, Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Haiti ve Venezuela florasında da bulunur.[1]

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 src= Wikimedia Commons'ta Vallisneria americana ile ilgili medyaları bulabilirsiniz.
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Vallisneria americana: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Vallisneria americana, yaygın olarak yabani kereviz (vahşi kereviz), su kerevizi, çim bant (şerit), eelgrass veya flumine-Mississippi (flumine Latince nehir anlamına gelmektedir.) adlarıyla bilinen Hydrocharitaceae ailesinden şerit-ot bitkisidir. Ortak ve bilinen isimlerinin aksine yabani kerevizin bilinen kereviz sebzesiyle çok az ve neredeyse hiç benzerlik taşımamaktadır. Vallisneria americana su altında büyür ve Canvasback gibi çeşitli hayvan türleri tarafından besin olarak tüketilir. Bitki uzun, gevşek ve yassı bir yapıda olup, yemyeşil bir orta sırt bölümü vardır.

Verilen taksonomik ada rağmen bitkinin florası yalnızca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile sınırlı değildir. Bitki doğal olarak Irak, Çin, Japonya, Kore, Hindistan, Papua Yeni Gine, Filipinler, Avustralya, Kanada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Meksika, Guatemala, Honduras, Küba, Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Haiti ve Venezuela florasında da bulunur.

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Hẹ thẳng ( Vietnamese )

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Hẹ thẳng, danh pháp khoa học Vallisneria americana, là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hydrocharitaceae. Loài này được Michx. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Vallisneria americana. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2013.

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Hẹ thẳng: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Hẹ thẳng, danh pháp khoa học Vallisneria americana, là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hydrocharitaceae. Loài này được Michx. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.

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Валлиснерия американская ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Lilianae
Семейство: Водокрасовые
Подсемейство: Валлиснериевые
Вид: Валлиснерия американская
Международное научное название

Vallisneria americana Michx., 1803

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ITIS 38951NCBI 29649EOL 1089032GRIN t:400354IPNI 431972-1TPL kew-308958

Валлиснерия американская (лат. Vallisneria americana) — водное растение из рода Валлиснерия.

Валлиснерия американская растёт под водой и потребляется в пищу различными животными, в том числе и таким видом как Американский красноголовый нырок (Aythya valisineria). Сами растения длинные, вялые. Животные могут поедать все части растения: листья и подземные клубни.

Несмотря на название, ареал не ограничен Америкой. Он встречается в Ираке, Китае, Японии, Корее, Индии, Папуа — Новой Гвинее, Филиппинах, Австралии, Канаде, США, Мексике, Гватемале, Гондурасе, Кубе, Доминиканской Республике, Гаити и Венесуэле.[2]

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса однодольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Однодольные».
  2. Vallisneria americana Архивная копия от 3 сентября 2009 на Wayback Machine


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Валлиснерия американская: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Валлиснерия американская (лат. Vallisneria americana) — водное растение из рода Валлиснерия.

Валлиснерия американская растёт под водой и потребляется в пищу различными животными, в том числе и таким видом как Американский красноголовый нырок (Aythya valisineria). Сами растения длинные, вялые. Животные могут поедать все части растения: листья и подземные клубни.

Несмотря на название, ареал не ограничен Америкой. Он встречается в Ираке, Китае, Японии, Корее, Индии, Папуа — Новой Гвинее, Филиппинах, Австралии, Канаде, США, Мексике, Гватемале, Гондурасе, Кубе, Доминиканской Республике, Гаити и Венесуэле.

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美洲苦草 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Vallisneria americana
Michx.

美洲苦草学名Vallisneria americana)为水鱉科苦草屬下的一个种。

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美洲苦草: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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美洲苦草(学名:Vallisneria americana)为水鱉科苦草屬下的一个种。

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