Neognathostomata Smith 1981

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy

Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).

Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").

Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).

• family Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
• family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
• order Cassiduloida
  • superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
    • family Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
  • superfamily Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
    • family Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
    • family Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
• order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
  • suborder Clypeasterina
    • family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
    • family Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
    • family Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
  • family Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
  • family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
  • family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
  • family Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
  • suborder Scutellina
    • infraorder Laganiformes
      • family Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
      • family Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
      • family Laganidae Desor, 1858
    • infraorder Scutelliformes
      • family Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
      • family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
      • family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
      • family Rotulidae Gray, 1855
      • superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825
        • family Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
        • family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
        • family Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
        • family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
        • family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
        • family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
        • family Scutellidae Gray, 1825
      • family Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
    • family Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
• family Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
• family Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
• order Echinolampadoida
  • family Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
• family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
• family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
• genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †

References

• Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
• Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.