Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
This South American freshwater fish, a species of pacu, is a close relative of the piranhas and is often encountered in the aquarium trade. In its native range, it is a popular fish for human consumption. Mylossoma duriventre occur in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Paraguay-Paraná River basins in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. (Jégu 2003). These fish are found in soft-bottomed rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds with a pH ranging from 5 to 7.8. (Riede 2004, cited in Froese and Pauly 2011). Rivers in the Amazon basin are commonly classified as white water, clear water, or black water based on their color, which results from different mineral and ionic composition. White water rivers are often mud-colored and rich in dissolved minerals. Different fish species may be limited to one or more types of water. In the Amazon Basin, white water rivers are thought to function as spawning grounds for many fish species, including M. duriventre, with the associated floodplains functioning as nursery grounds. Although adult M. duriventre are found in clear, black, and white rivers, larval and early juvenile have been found only in white waters. White water habitats may function as “sources” of M. duriventre that supply fish to black and clear river “sinks”, i.e., populations in black and clear rivers may be regularly replenished from productive white river populations. Mylossoma duriventre lay eggs, which then hatch into planktonic larvae. (De Lima and Araujo-Lima 2004). Mylossoma duriventre are omnivorous. In a study of an Amazonian tropical floodplain lake, Oliveira et al. (2006) found that these fish consumed mainly fruit and seeds during the rising water, high water, and receding water periods, whereas during the low water period they consumed mainly plant material, insects, and zooplankton. Leite and Araujo-Lima (2000) studied the larval diet of this species in the central Amazon. Reported body length for Mylossoma duriventre is 6 to 19.5 cm (Oliveira et al 2006). The longest known record is 25 cm SL (standard length, excluding tail) (Jégu 2003).
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- Sara Eckert and Leo Shapiro
Mylossoma duriventre
provided by EOL authors
This South American freshwater fish, a species of pacu, is a close relative of the piranhas and is often encountered in the aquarium trade. In its native range, it is a popular fish for human consumption. Mylossoma duriventre occur in the Amazon, Orinoco and Paragua-Parana River basins (Froese and Pauly 2011). These fish are found in soft-bottomed rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds with a pH ranging from 5 –7.8. (Riede 2004, cited in Froese and Pauly 2011) Rivers in the Amazon basin are commonly classified as white water, clear water, or black water based on their color, which results from different mineral and ionic composition. White water rivers are often mud-colored and rich in dissolved minerals. Different fish species may be limited to one or more types of water. In the Amazon Basin, white water rivers are thought to function as spawning grounds for many fish species, including M. duriventre, with the associated floodplains functioning as nursery grounds. Although adult M. duriventre are found in clear, black, and white rivers, larval and early juvenile have been found only in white waters. White water habitats may function as “sources” of M. duriventre that supply fish to black and clear river “sinks”, i.e., populations in black and clear rivers may be regularly replenished from productive white river populations. Mylossoma duriventre lay eggs, which then hatch into planktonic larvae. (De Lima and Araujo-Lima 2004). Mylossoma duriventre are omnivorous . In a study of an Amazonian tropical floodplain lake, Oliveira et al. (2006) found that these fish consumed mainly fruit and seeds during the rising water, high water, and receding water periods, whereas during the low water period they consumed mainly plant material, insects, and zooplankton. Reported body length for Mylossoma duriventre is 6 – 19.5 cm (Oliveira et al 2006). The longest known record is 25 cm, and the maximum published weight is 1,000 g (Jego 2003, cited in Froese and Pauly 2011)
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
This species differs from M. aureum by having the last abdominal spine reaching the anal-fin origin or almost so (vs. last abdominal spine clearly separated from the anal-fin origin), vertebrae 35-36 (vs. 38-39), and a conspicuous black blotch on opercle (vs. no black blotch or inconspicuous); differs from M. albiscopum by anal-fin with branched rays 26-32 (vs. 31-38); differs from M. unimaculatum by having circumpeduncular scales 30-34 (vs. 34-40), perforated scales on lateral line 74-98 (vs. 95-110) and vertebrae 35-36 (vs. 37) (Ref. 117280).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Migration
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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Morphology
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Vertebrae: 35 - 36
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Trophic Strategy
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Occurs over mud and silt in streams and lakes. Feeds on fish, insects, and plants (Ref. 9133).
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
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Reported to be an herbivore fish, which is highly dependent from the floodplains and of great economic importance for both commercial and sport fisheries (Ref. 117280).
Importance
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fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Mylossoma duriventris
provided by wikipedia EN
Mylossoma duriventre, the silver mylossoma, is a species of freshwater serrasalmid fish endemic to tropical and subtropical South America. It grows to a maximum length of about 25 cm (10 in) and a weight of 1 kg (2.2 lb).[1] It is the subject of a local fishery, being known as 'pacu' in Brazil and 'palometa' in Venezuela (names it shares with several relatives).[2]
Distribution and habitat
As traditionally defined, Mylossoma duriventre is native to the Amazon, Orinoco and Río de la Plata basins,[1] and to the Tocantins River and its western tributary, the Araguaia River. It prefers nutrient-rich waters but also occurs in the lower stretches of nutrient-poor rivers.[2]
In 2018, a review based on DNA and morphometrics restricted its range to the Río de la Plata Basin (Paraguay, lower Paraná and Uruguay rivers). Two species formerly considered synonyms of M. duriventre have been revalidated: M. albiscopum of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and M. unimaculatum of the Tocantins–Araguaia basin.[3]
Ecology
This species is potamodromous, migrating entirely within freshwater habitats. The migration pattern is not fully understood, but in the flood season in the Amazon, between December and March, the fish migrate from the lakes and pools on the floodplain to the larger rivers. Here they move upstream in large numbers to the spawning areas, although precisely where the fish spawn is unclear. The adults then move out of the rivers and onto the floor of the forest when this floods.[2] The larvae meanwhile are swept downstream, and when the forest floods, spread out into nursery areas on the floodplain where their planktonic food is more readily available. When the waters recede, both adults and juvenile fish move back into the rivers and move upstream to the floodplain lakes.[2][4] In the seasonally-flooded várzea forest, this fish is often found living in close association with Potamorhina altamazonica.[5]
Juvenile M. duriventre feed on insects and adults feed on fruits and seeds.[4]
Threats
In parts of its range, M. duriventre is considered to be a vulnerable species. The threats it faces include the encroachment of agriculture on the forest habitat, mining, hydroelectric schemes, overfishing, tourism and recreational activities.[6] The seasonal flooding of the forest is important for the survival of the larvae of this fish.[4]
References
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Mylossoma duriventris: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Mylossoma duriventre, the silver mylossoma, is a species of freshwater serrasalmid fish endemic to tropical and subtropical South America. It grows to a maximum length of about 25 cm (10 in) and a weight of 1 kg (2.2 lb). It is the subject of a local fishery, being known as 'pacu' in Brazil and 'palometa' in Venezuela (names it shares with several relatives).
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