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Peppered Moth

Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from The Global Lepidoptera Names Index in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Biston betularia
Species recognized by wikipedia 中文维基百科, wikipedia русскую Википедию, wikipedia NL, wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, wikipedia CZ, wikipedia FI, wikipedia NO, wikipedia UK, wikipedia CA, wikipedia SV, Armenia Species List, Austria Species List, Azerbaijan Species List, Belgium Species List, Bulgaria Species List, Canada Species List, China Species List, Czech Republic Species List, Denmark Species List, Estonia Species List, Finland Species List, France Species List, Georgia Species List, Germany Species List, Hungary Species List, Iran Species List, Ireland Species List, Isle of Man Species List, Italy Species List, Kazakhstan Species List, Kyrgyzstan Species List, Liechtenstein Species List, Lithuania Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Norway Species List, Poland Species List, Russia Species List, Slovakia Species List, Slovenia Species List, Spain Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, The Netherlands Species List, Turkey Species List, Ukraine Species List, United Kingdom Species List, Uzbekistan Species List, wikipedia ID, Japan Species List, wikipedia CY, North Atlantic Species List, North Pacific Species List, wikipedia ET, wikipedia SL, wikipedia PMS, wikipedia GA, NCBI, wikipedia gl Galician, and United States Species List
Biston betularia
Recognized by CalPhotos, Arkive, Biopix Nature Photos, Furui 2020, and Animal Diversity Web
Biston betularia (L.)
Recognized by University of Alberta Museums
Biston betularia (Linnaeus 1758)
Species recognized by GBIF classification and GBIF national node type records UK
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Biston betularia
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia DE, wikipedia ES, wikipedia IT, wikipedia PT, wikipedia FR, wikipedia 한국어 위키백과, Kawahara et al 2018, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikipedia (inferred records), Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK, Global Biotic Interactions, and Global Biotic Interactions
Biston betularia
Recognized by Flickr Group, Animal Diversity Web Traits and images, Flickr BHL, and AmericanInsects
Biston betularia (Linnaeus 1758)
Species recognized by Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023, iNaturalist, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, and TreatmentBank
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758
Species recognized by Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Biston betularius
Recognized by Invertebrate phenology

Alternative Names

Biston betularium
Synonym according to NCBI
Biston betularius
Synonym according to NCBI
Amphidasys doubledayaria Millière 1870
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston albapicata Cockayne 1953
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston alexandrina Wehrli 1941
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston benesignata Lempke 1952
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston betularius Stephens 1831
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston brunnea Lempke 1970
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston carbonaria Jordan 1869
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston centrisignata Lempke 1970
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston decoloraria Cockayne 1940
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston destrigata Lempke 1952
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston fasciata Prout 1915
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston funebraria Lambillion 1905
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston griseata Smith 1954
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston insularia Thierry-Mieg 1886
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston lomasaria Cottam 1923
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston marmoraria Sepp
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston morleyi Chalmers-Hunt 1964
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston nigra Heylaerts 1870
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston nigricans Meves 1914
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston nigricosta Cockayne 1953
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston nigromarginata Lempke 1952
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston ochrearia Mansbridge 1908
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston parvula Wnukowsky 1925
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston semivirgata Cockayne 1953
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston soffneri Tykac 1941
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston suffusa Cockayne 1953
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston svejbekia Hoffmeyer 1960
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Biston variegata Lempke 1970
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Phalaena (Geometra) betularia Linnaeus 1758
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Phalaena p-graecum Poda 1761
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Phalaena ulmaria Borkhausen 1794
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023

Common Names

English

Pepper & Salt Geometer
prefer
Recognized by University of Alberta Museums
peppered moth preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
Peppered moth
prefer
Recognized by Arkive

Arabic

عثة مفلفلة preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Bulgarian

Брезова педомерка preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Catalan; Valencian

papallona del bedoll preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chinese

桦尺蠖 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Czech

drsnokřídlec březový preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Dutch; Flemish

Peper-en-zoutvlinder preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
peper-en-zoutvlinder
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Estonian

Kase-kedrikvaksik preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Finnish

Koivumittari
prefer
Recognized by admin
koivumittari preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

French

phalène du bouleau preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

German

Birken-Dickleibspanner
prefer
Recognized by admin
Birkenspanner preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
Dunkler Birkenspanner
prefer
Recognized by admin
Englische Motte
prefer
Recognized by admin

Hungarian

nyírfaaraszoló preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Irish

brocóg preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Japanese

オオシモフリエダシャク preferred
Recognized by Furui 2020 and Wikidata Common Names

Kazakh

Қайын пяденицасы preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Korean

회색가지나방 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Norwegian

bjørkelurvemåler preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Persian

شاپرک فلفلی preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Polish

Krępak nabrzozak preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Russian

Пяденица берёзовая preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Serbian

Биберасти мољац preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Slovak

piadivka brezová preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Spanish; Castilian

Brezov pedic preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Swedish

Björkmätare preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ukrainian

П'ядун березовий preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Welsh

gwyfyn brith [golau] preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Arz

عثه مفلفله preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Yue

樺尺蠖 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Cn

桦尺蛾 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Tw

桦尺蛾 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
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Curated hierarchies for Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Endopterygota
Amphiesmenoptera
Lepidoptera
Glossata
Coelolepida
Myoglossata
Neolepidoptera
Heteroneura
Eulepidoptera
Ditrysia
Apoditrysia
Obtectomera
Macroheterocera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Biston
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758 (this page)
Biston betularia cognataria Guenée 1858
Biston betularia contrasta Barnes & Benjamin 1923
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli 1941
Biston betularia fumosaria Alphéraky 1897
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue 1982
Biston betularia parva Leech 1897
Biston betularia vlachi
Biston achyra Wehrli 1936
Biston brevipennata Inoue 1982
Biston comitata Warren 1899
Biston emarginaria Leech 1897
Biston erilda Oberthür 1910
Biston exotica Inoue 1977
Biston falcata Warren 1893
Biston fasciaria Motschulsky 1866
Biston giganteus Inoue 1985
Biston huberaria Ballion 1866
Biston hypoleucos Kusnetzov 1902
Biston luculentus Inoue 1992
Biston marginata Shiraki 1913
Biston melacron Wehrli 1941
Biston multidentata Guedot 1941
Biston porphyria Butler 1889
Biston quercii Oberthür 1910
Biston regalis Moore 1888
Biston robustum Butler 1879
Biston sinuata Hampson 1895
Biston strataria Hüfnagel 1767
Biston subflavus Inoue 1985
Biston subregalis Inoue 1992
Biston takeuchii Matsumura 1931
Biston thoracicaria Oberthür 1884

Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023

Biota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Ennominae
Biston Leach
Biston betularia (Linnaeus 1758) (this page)
Biston betularia cognataria (Guenée)
Biston betularia contrasta (Barnes & Benjamin 1923)
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli 1941
Biston betularia fumosarius Alphéraky 1897
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue 1982
Biston betularia parva Leech 1897
Biston betularia vlachi
Biston abruptaria (Walker 1869)
Biston achyra Wehrli 1936
Biston annulata (Warren 1897)
Biston bengaliaria (Guenée 1858)
Biston bistonaria (Walker 1866)
Biston brevipennata Inoue 1982
Biston contectaria (Walker)
Biston dargei (Herbulot 1973)
Biston edwardsi (Prout 1938)
Biston emarginaria Leech 1897
Biston erilda (Oberthür 1910)
Biston falcata (Warren 1893)
Biston fasciaria Motschulsky 1866
Biston fessa (Warren 1896)
Biston giganteus Inoue 1985
Biston homoclera (Prout 1938)
Biston huberaria (Ballion 1866)
Biston hypoleucos Kuznetzov 1901
Biston inouei Holloway
Biston insularis (Warren 1894)
Biston jaculatrix Prout
Biston johannaria (Oberthür 1913)
Biston leucocrossa (Prout 1928)
Biston luculentus Inoue 1992
Biston marginata Shiraki 1913
Biston melacron Wehrli 1941
Biston multidentata (Guedet 1941)
Biston nephelistis (Meyrick 1897)
Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Grey 1853)
Biston perclara (Warren 1899)
Biston porphyria (Butler 1889)
Biston praeparva (Prout 1937)
Biston prinodes (West 1929)
Biston pteronyma (Prout 1938)
Biston pura (Warren 1894)
Biston pustulata (Warren 1896)
Biston quercii (Oberthür 1910)
Biston regalis (Moore 1888)
Biston robustum Butler 1879
Biston semifusca (Swinhoe 1902)
Biston sinuata Hampson 1895
Biston strataria (Hufnagel 1767)
Biston strigaria (Moore 1879)
Biston subflavus Inoue 1985
Biston subocularia (Mabille 1893)
Biston subregalis Inoue 1992
Biston suppressaria (Guenée)
Biston takeuchii Matsumura 1931
Biston thibetaria (Oberthür 1886)
Biston thoracicaria (Oberthür 1884)
Biston varianaria Swinhoe 1889

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Endopterygota
Amphiesmenoptera
Lepidoptera
Glossata
Coelolepida
Myoglossata
Neolepidoptera
Heteroneura
Eulepidoptera
Ditrysia
Apoditrysia
Obtectomera
Macroheterocera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Biston
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758 (this page)
Biston betularia cognataria Guenée 1858
Biston betularia contrasta Barnes & Benjamin 1923
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli 1941
Biston betularia fumosaria Alphéraky 1897
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue 1982
Biston betularia parva Leech 1897
Biston betularia vlachi
Biston achyra Wehrli 1936
Biston brevipennata Inoue 1982
Biston comitata Warren 1899
Biston emarginaria Leech 1897
Biston erilda Oberthür 1910
Biston exotica Inoue 1977
Biston falcata Warren 1893
Biston fasciaria Motschulsky 1866
Biston giganteus Inoue 1985
Biston huberaria Ballion 1866
Biston hypoleucos Kusnetzov 1902
Biston luculentus Inoue 1992
Biston marginata Shiraki 1913
Biston melacron Wehrli 1941
Biston multidentata Guedot 1941
Biston porphyria Butler 1889
Biston quercii Oberthür 1910
Biston regalis Moore 1888
Biston robustum Butler 1879
Biston sinuata Hampson 1895
Biston strataria Hüfnagel 1767
Biston subflavus Inoue 1985
Biston subregalis Inoue 1992
Biston takeuchii Matsumura 1931
Biston thoracicaria Oberthür 1884

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Endopterygota
Amphiesmenoptera
Lepidoptera
Glossata
Coelolepida
Myoglossata
Neolepidoptera
Heteroneura
Eulepidoptera
Ditrysia
Apoditrysia
Obtectomera
Macroheterocera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Biston
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758 (this page)
Biston betularia cognataria Guenée 1858
Biston betularia contrasta Barnes & Benjamin 1923
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli 1941
Biston betularia fumosaria Alphéraky 1897
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue 1982
Biston betularia parva Leech 1897
Biston betularia vlachi
Biston achyra Wehrli 1936
Biston brevipennata Inoue 1982
Biston comitata Warren 1899
Biston emarginaria Leech 1897
Biston erilda Oberthür 1910
Biston exotica Inoue 1977
Biston falcata Warren 1893
Biston fasciaria Motschulsky 1866
Biston giganteus Inoue 1985
Biston huberaria Ballion 1866
Biston hypoleucos Kusnetzov 1902
Biston luculentus Inoue 1992
Biston marginata Shiraki 1913
Biston melacron Wehrli 1941
Biston multidentata Guedot 1941
Biston porphyria Butler 1889
Biston quercii Oberthür 1910
Biston regalis Moore 1888
Biston robustum Butler 1879
Biston sinuata Hampson 1895
Biston strataria Hufnagel 1767
Biston subflavus Inoue 1985
Biston subregalis Inoue 1992
Biston takeuchii Matsumura 1931
Biston thoracicaria Oberthür 1884

GBIF classification

Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometridae
Biston Leach 1815
Biston betularia (Linnaeus 1758) (this page)
Biston betularia betularia
Biston betularia cognataria Guenée 1858
Biston betularia contrasta Barnes & Benjamin 1923
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli 1941
Biston betularia fumosaria Alphéraky 1897
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue 1982
Biston betularia parva Leech 1897
Biston betularia vlachi
Biston achyra Wehrli 1936
Biston antecreta (Prout L. B. 1938)
Biston basanga Karisch 2005
Biston bengaliaria Guenee 1858
Biston brevipennata Inoue 1982
Biston comitata Warren 1899
Biston contectaria Walker 1863
Biston emarginaria Leech 1897
Biston erilda Oberthür 1910
Biston exotica Inoue 1977
Biston exsilia Karisch 2005
Biston falcata Warren 1893
Biston fasciaria Motschulsky 1866
Biston giganteus Inoue 1985
Biston gloriosaria Karisch 2005
Biston huberaria Ballion 1866
Biston hypoleucos Kusnetzov 1902
Biston luculentus Inoue 1992
Biston marginata Shiraki 1913
Biston melacron Wehrli 1941
Biston multidentata Guedot 1941
Biston panterinaria Bremer & Grey 1853
Biston pljushtschi Viidalepp 2003
Biston porphyria Butler 1889
Biston pustulata Warren 1896
Biston quercii Oberthür 1910
Biston regalis Moore 1888
Biston robustum Butler 1879
Biston sinuata Hampson 1895
Biston strataria (Hufnagel 1767)
Biston stuningi Viidalepp 2003
Biston subflavus Inoue 1985
Biston subregalis Inoue 1992
Biston suppressaria Guenee 1858
Biston takeuchii Matsumura 1931
Biston thibetaria Oberthuer 1886
Biston thoracicaria Oberthür 1884

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Animalia
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
Neoptera
Holometabola
Lepidoptera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Ennominae Duponchel 1845
Boarmiini Duponchel 1845
Biston Leach 1815
Biston betularia (Linnaeus 1758) (this page)
Biston betularia betularia (Linnaeus 1758)
Biston betularia cognataria (Guenée ex Boisduval & Guenée 1858)

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda
Mandibulata
Pancrustacea
Hexapoda
Insecta
Dicondylia
Pterygota
Neoptera
Holometabola
Amphiesmenoptera
Lepidoptera
Glossata
Neolepidoptera
Heteroneura
Ditrysia
Obtectomera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Ennominae
Biston
Biston betularia (this page)
Biston betularia cognataria
Biston abruptaria
Biston achyra
Biston bengaliaria
Biston brevipennata
Biston contectaria
Biston falcata
Biston gloriosaria
Biston mediolata
Biston panterinaria
Biston perclara
Biston quercii
Biston regalis
Biston robustus
Biston stratarius
Biston suppressaria
Biston thibetaria
Biston thoracicaria
unclassified Biston

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Insecta
Dicondylia
Pterygota
Metapterygota
Neoptera
Eumetabola
Endopterygota
Lepidoptera
Glossata
Coelolepida
Myoglossata
Neolepidoptera
Heteroneura
Eulepidoptera
Ditrysia
Apoditrysia
Obtectomera
Macroheterocera
Geometroidea
Geometridae
Ennominae
Bistonini
Biston
Biston betularia (this page)
Biston abruptaria
Biston achyra
Biston albapicata
Biston albescens
Biston albicollis
Biston alexandrina
Biston antecreta
Biston approximata
Biston atra
Biston basanga
Biston benesignata
Biston berus
Biston betularius
Biston bloeckeri
Biston breigneti
Biston brunnea
Biston brunneotegulae
Biston carbonaria
Biston centrisignata
Biston cognataria
Biston comita
Biston comitata
Biston concinna
Biston conjunctarius
Biston contrasta
Biston coreae
Biston coreibia
Biston cotangens
Biston crassestrigata
Biston dargei
Biston decoloraria
Biston destrigata
Biston dorinda
Biston doubledayaria
Biston edwardsi
Biston emarginaria
Biston engonia
Biston erilda
Biston exotica
Biston exsilia
Biston extrema
Biston fasciaria
Biston fasciata
Biston fortitaria
Biston fragilis
Biston fumosaria
Biston funebraria
Biston giganteus
Biston gloriosaria
Biston griscaria
Biston griseata
Biston hasegawai
Biston herefordi
Biston homoclera
Biston huberaria
Biston hypoleucos
Biston insularia
Biston jesoensis
Biston jezoensis
Biston johannaria
Biston kiangsua
Biston laeta
Biston latefasciata
Biston limbojuncta
Biston lomasaria
Biston luculentus
Biston marmoraria
Biston marmorata
Biston mediolata
Biston melanaria
Biston meridionalis
Biston mesle
Biston morleyi
Biston multidentata
Biston nepalensis
Biston nigra
Biston nigricans
Biston nigricosta
Biston nigromarginata
Biston obsoleta
Biston ochrearia
Biston octodurensis
Biston parva
Biston parvula
Biston porphyria
Biston prophaeos
Biston pteronyma
Biston robiniaria
Biston ryukyuense
Biston satura
Biston sinuata
Biston stringeri
Biston subflavus
Biston subocularia
Biston subregalis
Biston suffusa
Biston svejbekia
Biston swettaria
Biston takeuchii
Biston terraruis
37 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.
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