Procambarus lunzi (Hobbs 1940)

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi (Hobbs)

Cambarus lunzi Hobbs, 1940b:3–7, figs. 1–10; 1942b:129, 142, 144.

Procambarus lunzi.—Hobbs, 1942a:343; 1958a:73, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88, fig. 9; 1958b:160, 167; 1959:889; 1962:285, fig. 37; 1966b:70; 1968b:K–10, fig. 25m.—Hoff, 1944:349, 356.—Hart, 1959:203.—Hobbs III, 1969:41.—Hart and Hart, 1974:28, 63, 137.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi.—Hobbs, 1972a:9; 1972b:63*, 151*, 154*, 155, fig. 49f; 1974b:58*, fig. 234.

The above citations are believed to constitute a complete bibliography for the species. References to the occurrence of this crayfish in Georgia are marked with asterisks.

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE.—This crayfish was described and illustrated on the basis of a male and female dug from a single burrow in Hampton County, South Carolina (Hobbs, 1940b). Not until thirty-four years later was the second form male illustrated (Hobbs, 1974b:fig. 234). In revising the genus Cambarus, Hobbs (1942a) assigned the species to the genus Procambarus. Its affinities were discussed by the same author in his account of the evolutionary history of the pictus Group of the genus Procambarus (1958a) and in his treatment of the blandingii Group (1962). The record from the type-locality remained the only one for the species until Hobbs (1972b:63) stated that it had been found in “lentic and sluggish lotic habitats and burrows between the Combahee River, South Carolina and the Altamaha River, Georgia.” Restating the same information, Hobbs (1974b:58) recorded its range to include “Hampton and Beaufort counties, South Carolina, southward to McIntosh County, Georgia.” Hoff (1944) described two new entocytherid ostracods harbored by the types of this crayfish, and Hart (1959) and Hobbs III (1969) repeated Hoff's records. Hart and Hart (1974), in addition to citing Hoff's work, found that P. (O.) lunzi served as a host to a third species of entocytherid, which they had retrieved from topotypes. Thus except for a statement of its habitat and range, the illustration of the first pleopod of the second form male, and its serving as a host to three ostracods, almost nothing has been added to our knowledge of the species since it was first described.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum with or without marginal spines or tubercles, lacking median carina. Carapace with 1 pair of small cervical spines or tubercles. Areola 6.3 to 13.0 (average 8.9) times as long as broad and constituting 31.4 to 34.8 (average 33.1) percent of entire length of carapace (40.5 to 46.4, average 43.1, percent of postorbital carapace length). Antennal peduncle with spine (rarely reduced to tubercle) on ischium. Lateral half of ventral surface of ischium of third maxilliped lacking conspicuous mat of long plumose setae. Basis of cheliped without mesial spine. Mesial surface of palm of chela of male with mesialmost row of tubercles consisting of 7 to 9 (usually 8). Male with simple hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods, in first form male that on third overreaching basioischial articulation and that on fourth not reaching articulation but opposed by prominent protuberance on cephalodistal end of corresponding basis. First pleopods asymmetrical and reaching coxae of third pereiopods; distal part of appendage slightly inclined caudally and bearing conspicuous hump, distal extremity of which situated at base of cephalic process; subapical setae flanking mesial, cephalic, and lateral bases of cephalic process; mesial process spiculiform and directed caudolaterally around mesial half of tumescent distal part of shaft; cephalic process slender, directed caudodistally and extending farther distally than other terminal elements; caudal element obsolete; central projection consisting of rather conspicuous, acute, corneous blade arising from middle of distal end of shaft and directed caudally. Female with sternum cephalic to annulus ventralis bearing or lacking tuberculiform prominences, 1 or more of which extending caudally slightly over cephaloventral face of annulus; latter subovate, with greatest width in transverse plane, ventral surface weakly sculptured but almost always with distinct wide posteromedian depressed area, flanked anteriorly and anterolaterally by ridge, bearing variously contoured sinus; caudal end of latter frequently ending on small median elevation on or jutting from midposterior margin of annulus; tongue oriented either dextrally or sinistrally. Postannular sclerite, frequently partly hidden by caudal region of annulus, at least two-thirds as wide as annulus; first pleopod present.

COLOR NOTES (Figure 136d).—Carapace reddish brown dorsally, with orange tan and black markings. Cephalic section with median longitudinal orange tan stripe extending from acumen to cervical groove, otherwise lacking conspicuous markings although becoming more pinkish ventrally. Thoracic section with orange tan median longitudinal stripe almost reaching charcoal caudal ridge. Saddle reduced to pair of black longitudinal stripes, representing horns, and pair of much less conspicuous dark markings lateral to caudal margins of branchiocardiac grooves and abutting black caudal ridge; flange and branchiostegite ventral to black stripe pinkish lavender with faint lavender cream spots. Abdomen with broad, median longitudinal brownish red stripe, flanked laterally by narrower pink one; each tergum with paired dark brown spots dorsolaterally. Bases of pleura with scalloped black line basally, otherwise reddish except for small centrally located pinkish spot. Markings on telson similar to those of P. (O.) epicyrtus; uropods reddish brown with dark brown keels and lateral margins on both rami. Antennular and antennal peduncles pinkish cream, marked with reddish brown; flagella olive tan. Antennal scale pinkish cream with reddish brown lateral border and similarly colored area mesial to lateral thickened part. Cheliped with merus greenish cream basally, changing to olive brown dorsally; carpus and chela brown with olive mottlings and bearing orange cream to brownish orange tubercles, major ones on merus and carpus cream tipped; ventral surface of both orange tan. Remaining pereiopods bright olive from base of ischium distally, distal part of each podomere darker green, dactyl almost emerald green. Ventral surface of body cream.

TYPES.—Holotype and allotype, USNM 79301 (I, ).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Roadside ditch 1.4 miles southwest of Early Branch on State Route 28, Hampton County, South Carolina.

RANGE.—From the Ashepoo River drainage in Colleton County, South Carolina, southwestward to the Satilla (Turtle River) watershed in Georgia, including Sapelo and Saint Simons islands, Georgia. In both states it is apparently confined to the Coastal Plain Province, and in Georgia it is restricted to the Barrier Island Sequence and southeastern part of the Vidalia Upland districts.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—I have examined a total of 392 specimens of this species—164 from several localities in Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, and Jasper counties, South Carolina, and 224 from the following places in Georgia. Bryan County: (1) drainage ditch 7.9 mi W of US Hwy 17 on St Rte 67, 1II, 3, 28 May 1969, E. T. Hall, Jr., HHH, collectors; (2) Ogeechee River at US Hwy 17, 1I, 1, 4 May 1970, R. W. Heard; (3) Savage Creek and connecting roadside ditches 1.9 to 2.3 mi S of Pembroke on St Rte 119, 3j, 3j, 27 Dec 1971, G. K. Williamson; 2I, 1II, 8, 6j, 5j, 20 Apr 1977, C. E. Carter, J. E. Pugh, HHH. Chatham County: (4) roadside ditch 3.2 mi SSW of Bloomingdale, 1II, 2, 2j, 2j, 30 Jan 1971, GKW, T. Roe; (5) cypress pond and ditch 3.5 mi SSW of Pooler on Quacco Rd, 7II, 8, 14j, 10j, 21 Jan 1971, GKW; (6) 2 mi NE of Richmond Hill on US Hwy 17, 8II, 4, 4j, 2j, 20 Jan 1972, GKW; (7) Ogeechee Creek at Bush Rd 12.6 mi WSW of Savannah, 1, 20 Jan 1972, GKW. Effingham County: (8) creek 12 mi SE of Guyton on Pineora Rd, 1I, 1II, 2, 5 Nov 1967, J. J. Sullivan; (9) cypress pond 4.5 mi SE of Pineora, 2II, 5, 5j, 1j, 14 Dec 1971, GKW. Glynn County: (10) 2.3 mi SW of US Hwy 17 on St Rte 99, 1I, 1II, 2j, 28 Dec 1971, GKW; (11) pools on Demene Rd, Saint Simons Island, 1j, 4 Jul 1962, G. C. Miller; 1j, 4 Aug 1963, GCM. Liberty County: (12) roadside ditch 11.8 mi N of Eulonia on US Hwy 17, 1, 19 Dec 1939, G. B. Hobbs, HHH; (13) roadside ditch in Riceboro, 5j, 7 Sep 1938, HHH; (14) Goshen Swamp Creek 2 mi SE of Flemington on US Hwy 82, 1j, 27 May 1969, ETH, HHH. Long County: (15) Goose Run Creek 7.7 mi NW of McIntosh Co line on St Rte 99, 1II, 1, 2j, 4j, 28 May 1969, ETH, HHH; (16) flood plain E of Beards Creek, 3.2 mi E of Glennville on St Rte 144, 1, 27 May 1969, ETH, HHH; (17) 1.5 mi NW of St Rte 99 and Goose Run Creek, 2II, 1, 1j, 31 Jan 1971, GKW, TR; (18) Goose Run Creek 7.8 mi SE of Ludowici on St Rte 99, 1II, 1, 2j, 2j, 31 Jan 1971, GKW, TR; 3II, 1, 1j, 6 Feb 1971, GKW; 3II, 3, 3j, 3j, 16 Mar 1971, GKW; 8II, 4, 18 Dec 1971, GKW. McIntosh County: (19) burrows in roadside ditch 10 mi S of Riceboro on US Hwy 17, 1j, 1j, 7 Sep 1938, HHH; (20) roadside ditch 4.9 mi SE of Eulonia, 1II, 1, 28 May 1969, ETH, HHH; (21) roadside ditch 3.2 mi NW of Darien on St Rte 251, 1j, 2j, 28 May 1969, ETH, HHH; (22) Sapelo Island, 2, 3j, 3j, 23 Jun 1964, W. L. Richards; 2II, 4, 7j, 7j, 3 Sep 1964, WLR, RWH; 3, Aug 1965, T. Linton; 3II, 1, 2j, 1j, 10 May 1970, RWH. Tattnall County: (23) Watermelon Creek at St Rte 144, 1II, 27 May 1969, ETH, HHH; (24) trib to Watermelon Creek about 3 mi W of Glenville on St Rte 144, 1II, 27 May 1969, ETH, HHH.

VARIATIONS.—Except for the shape of the rostrum and the proportionate width of the areola, there are few conspicuous variations in this crayfish, and none of them seems to be characteristic in a limited part of the range of the species. The rostrum (Figure 168) varies considerably. In general, those individuals in which it is long and slender and bears marginal spines live in bodies of water that are less likely to become dry. Those animals in which the rostrum is shorter, with strongly tapering margins devoid of marginal spine or tubercles (Figure 168c,d), have been found in burrows or in bodies of water that fluctuate considerably, the latter depending directly on rainfall for recharge. In dry seasons the water disappears in such habitats and the crayfish are forced to seek water or at least high humidity below the surface of the ground.

That the ranges of variation noted in the ratio of the length to the width of the areola and that of the length of the areola to the total length of the carapace do not appear to be invariably correlated with the type of habitat occupied by the crayfish seems evident in comparing the following limited data obtained from adult specimens collected in four localities.

The ratio of areola length (AL) to areola width (AW) is expressed directly, while that of the areola length to carapace length (CL) is a percentage. Averages are in parentheses following the ranges for the ratios.

Obviously no conclusions on possible adaptations to the environment can be drawn from these limited data. I should have predicted, however, that the individuals living in streams would have had shorter and broader areolae than do those collected in ponds and ditches. Surprisingly enough, those from the river have the longest and narrowest areolae, those from the creek the shortest and next to the narrowest, and the broadest areolae occur in specimens inhabiting the pond and ditch.

Variations in the annulus ventralis are rather marked but none can be associated with local or regional populations. The features cited in the “Diagnosis” are about all that are uniform among the adults. Likewise, the sternum immediately anterior to the annulus may or may not bear prominences even in specimens from a single locality, and the prominences, if present, are variable in size, ranging from mere vestiges to ones that are perhaps even slightly larger than those illustrated.

SIZE.—The largest specimen from Georgia is a second form male, having a carapace length of 37.0 (postorbital carapace length 28.0) mm. Corresponding lengths of the smallest and largest first form males are 26.2 (21.0) mm and 30.3 (23.3) mm. The only ovigerous female available (see “Life History Notes”), collected in the type-locality, has corresponding lengths of 26.6 (21.2) mm.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi (Hobbs)

Cambarus lunzi Hobbs, 1940b:3, figs. 1–10.

Procambarus lunzi.—Hobbs, 1942a:343.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi.—Hobbs, 1972a:9.

TYPES.—Holotype and allotype, USNM 79301 (I, ♀).

TYPES-LOCALITY.—1.4 miles southwest of Early Branch on State Route 28, Hampton County, South Carolina.

RANGE.—Hampton and Beaufort counties, South Carolina, southward to McIntosh County, Georgia.

HABITAT.—Lentic situations and burrows (secondary or tertiary burrower).

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) mancus Hobbs and Walton

Procambarus mancus Hobbs and Walton, 1957:44, figs. 13–23.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) mancus.—Hobbs, 1972a: 10.

TYPES.—Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 99578, 99579, 99580 ( I, , II); paratypes, TU, USNM.

TYPES-LOCALITY.—Roadside ditch, 5 miles south of Meridian, Lauderdale County, Mississippi.

RANGE.—Known only from Lauderdale and Newton counties, Mississippi.

HABITAT.—Burrows (secondary burrower).

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) orcinus Hobbs and Means

Procambarus orcinus Hobbs and Means, 1972:394, fig. 1.

TYPES.—Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 132031, 132032, 132033 (I, , II); paratypes, USNM.

TYPES-LOCALITY.—Gopher Sink, 3.1 miles southwest of Florida Road 61 and 0.2 mile east of Florida Road 369 (SW¼NW¼NE14, sec. 16, T. 2 S., R. 1 W.), Leon County, Florida.

RANGE.—Known from four localities in Leon and Wakulla counties, Florida.

HABITAT.—Subterranean waters.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi (Hobbs)

Cambarus lunzi Hobbs, 1940b:3, figs. 1–10.

Procambarus lunzi.—Hobbs, 1942a:343.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi.—Hobbs, 1972a:9; 1974b:58, fig. 234; 1981:424, figs. 14c, 136d, 138i, 166–168, 252.

TYPES.—Holotype and allotype, USNM 79301 (male I, female).

TYPE LOCALITY.—1.4 miles (2.2 km) southeast (not southwest) of Early Branch on State Route 68, Hampton County, South Carolina.

RANGE.—Lower coastal plain from Aiken, Bamberg, and Colleton counties, South Carolina, southward to McIntosh County, Georgia (between the Edisto and Satilla rivers).

HABITAT.—Sluggish lotic and lentic situations and burrows (secondary or tertiary burrower).

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) mancus Hobbs and Walton

Procambarus mancus Hobbs and Walton, 1957:44, figs. 13–23.

Procambarus (Ortmannicus) mancus.—Hobbs, 1972a:10; 1974b:58, fig. 251.

TYPES.—Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 99578, 99579, 99580 (male I, female, male II); paratypes, TU, USNM.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Roadside ditch, 5 miles (8 km) south of Meridian, Lauderdale County, Mississippi.

RANGE.—Pascagoula and Tombigbee river basins of Mississippi between the 31st and 34th parallels.

HABITAT.—Burrows (secondary burrower).