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Figures 1–4.Forewing venation: 1 Parasialis latipennis (Parasialidae; veins named) 2 Xyelidae (based mainly on Triassic Asioxyela paurura and Madygenius primitivus; cells named) 3 Nanosialisponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n. (Nanosialidae) 4 Grimaldiraphidia cf. parvula (Mesoraphidiidae). Black dots, nygmata. Not to scale.
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Figures 7–14.7–8 Parasialidae: 7 Parasialis rozhkovi, holotype male 8 Parasialis latipennis, holotype forewing (arrowheads, nygmata) 9–10 Nanosialidae: 9 Nanosialis ponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2603A (SEM, SE; mirror image) 10 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi, body with superimposed wings PIN 3840/2604A (counterpart; arrowhead, incision of 1st abdominal tergite) 11–12 Xyelidae: 11 Asioxyela paurura (Archexyelinae) forewing PIN 2785/2491 12 female Xyelinae indet., PIN 2452/582 13–14 Mesoraphidiidae: 13 female gen. indet., PIN 2997/2662, halves of ovipositor separated 14 female Nanoraphidiini indet., PIN 2784/1127. Permian of Russia (7–10), Triassic of Madygen, Kyrgyzstan (11), Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan (12–14). Scale bars, 2 mm (7, 8, 11–14), 500 µm (9, 10).
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Figures 15–22.Nanosialidae: 15 Nanosialis ponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2603A (mirror image) 16–17 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi PIN 3840/2604A: 16 body with superimposed wings (part) 17 thorax and base of abdomen (counterpart, SEM, BSE) 18 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., holotype hind wing PIN 3840/2633 19 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2602 20 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing 3840/2601 21 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2600 22 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2009 (mirror image). Scale bars, 500 µm.
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Figures 23–28.Nanosialidae venation: 23 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi, forewing, reconstructed 24 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., hind wing 25 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., forewing PIN 3840/2604A, reconstructed 26 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., forewing 27 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing PIN 3840/2601 28 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., forewing, reconstructed. Scale bars, 500 µm.
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Figures 29–34.Hairs and setae on forewings: 29–31 uniform hair cover on veins and membrane: 29 Parasialidae, Parasialis rozhkovi holotype 30 Sialidae, Sialis sp. 31 Xyelidae, Pleroneura coniferarum 32–34 strong setae on veins only: 32–33 Nanosialidae, Nanosialisponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n., holotype (arrowheads, bases of strong setae on veins) 34 Raphidiidae, Raphidia sp., strong erect setae on veins. Recent (30, 31, 34); SEM, BSE (30–34). Scale bars, 200 µm (29, 30, 32), 100 µm (31, 34), 50 µm (33).
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Figures 15–22.Nanosialidae: 15 Nanosialis ponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2603A (mirror image) 16–17 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi PIN 3840/2604A: 16 body with superimposed wings (part) 17 thorax and base of abdomen (counterpart, SEM, BSE) 18 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., holotype hind wing PIN 3840/2633 19 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2602 20 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing 3840/2601 21 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2600 22 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2009 (mirror image). Scale bars, 500 µm.
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Figures 23–28.Nanosialidae venation: 23 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi, forewing, reconstructed 24 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., hind wing 25 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., forewing PIN 3840/2604A, reconstructed 26 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., forewing 27 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing PIN 3840/2601 28 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., forewing, reconstructed. Scale bars, 500 µm.