Eunice filamentosa Grube & Örsted ex Grube 1856

Eunice filamentosa Grube, 1856

Eunice filamentosa Grube, 1856:56.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Lectotype, ZMC (uncataloged), and paralectotype, ZMB 1855, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, coll. Kröyer.

COMMENTS ON MATERIAL EXAMINED.—The lectotype is very soft and nearly translucent. Because of the condition of the specimen, some parapodial features were not clearly visible. The paralectotype from Berlin is dry and has been dry for some time; it is nevertheless in recognizable condition.

DESCRIPTION.—Lectotype complete, of unknown sex, with 119 setigers; length 25 mm; maximal width 1.5 mm at about setiger 10; length through setiger 10, 3 mm. Anterior part of body is strongly inflated with highly convex dorsum and flattened ventrum; median and posterior part of body is flattened and evenly wide from about setiger 20 to near abruptly tapered posterior end.

Prostomium (Figure 45a,g) distinctly shorter and narrower than peristomium, less than as deep as peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally obliquely truncate, tapering, dorsally flattened; median sulcus deep. Eyes between bases of A-I and A-II. Antennae in horseshoe; A-I and A-II emerging close together near sides of prostomial lobes, well separated from bases of A-III; all similar in thickness. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles digitiform, without articulations. A-I to middle of anterior peristomial ring; A-II and A-III to setiger 1. Peristomium tapering anteriorly. Separation between rings distinct dorsally and ventrally; anterior ring 7/8 of total peristomial length. Peristomial cirri to middle of anterior peristomial ring, slender and digitiform, without articulations.

Jaws not examined.

Branchiae present, palmate, distinctly longer than notopodial cirri, not reduced in mid-body region. Branchiae from setiger 23 (27 in paralectotype) to setiger 119. Branchiae present to near posterior end, present on more than 65% of total number of setigers. Most branchiae single, flattened filaments (Figure 45e); some posterior branchiae with 2 filaments. Filaments increasing in length posteriorly, being nearly as long as body is wide in several far posterior setigers, and distinctly longer than notopodial cirri.

Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes rounded; posterior ones conical; aciculae emerging above midline. Pre- and postsetal lobes are low folds. First 4 ventral cirri thick, tapering. Ventral cirri basally inflated from about setiger 5. Inflated bases thick ventral ridges in setigers 15–50; narrow tips short and button-shaped. Inflated bases rapidly reduced in setigers 50–60. Ventral cirri digitiform in posterior setigers. Notopodial cirri slender and tapering, probably originally basally inflated in anterior setigers, definitely becoming more slender in posterior setigers, articulations absent.

Limbate setae slender, marginally smooth. Pectinate setae (Figure 45c) with very long, thick, cylindrical shafts. Blades distinctly furled; tapering. One marginal tooth longer than other teeth, with ∼12 teeth. Shafts of compound falcigers (Figure 45d) very long, strongly inflated, marginally serrated; distal beaks distinct. Appendages very short with nearly parallel sides, bidentate. Proximal teeth much larger than distal teeth, triangular, directed basally. Distal teeth very short, strongly bent, tapering, directed obliquely distally. Guards symmetrically rounded, marginally serrated; mucros absent. Pseudocompound falcigers and compound spinigers absent. Aciculae (Figure 45f) paired, amber, slender, distally symmetrically hammer-headed; cross-section round. Subacicular hooks (Figure 45b) amber, bidentate. Hooks first present from setiger 17 (22 in paralectotype), present in all setigers thereafter, always single (except for replacements). Hooks strongly beaked with inflated region below distinct heads. Proximal teeth larger than distal teeth, strongly curved. Distal teeth bent or curved, directed laterally. Guards truncate.

UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—Jaw structure; pygidium and anal cirri.

EXPECTED STATES OF SELECTED UNKNOWN FEATURES.—Mx III short, forming part of distal arc with left Mx IV.

CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 22, 34, 56, 58, 59. Unknown Characters: 39–40, 42, 74, 78.

ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—None.

Eunice cirrobranchiata McIntosh, 1885

Eunice cirrobranchiata McIntosh, 1885:277–278, pl. 38: figs. 9–11, pl. 19A: figs. 21–24.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Two syntypes, BM(NH) ZK. 1885.12.1.196a. Bermuda, between tidemarks, Jun 1873.

COMMENTS.—Both syntypes are incomplete; the larger one has been frontally dissected and most setae are broken.

DESCRIPTION.—Large syntype with 123 setigers; length 30 mm; maximal width 3 mm; length through setiger 10, 6 mm. Small syntype with 45 setigers; length 18 mm; maximal width 3 mm; length through setiger 10, 5.5 mm. All segments very short and crowded; parapodia supported on high triangular lateral ridges in posterior ends of both fragments.

Prostomium (Figure 31a, illustration of small syntype) distinctly shorter and narrower than peristomium, as deep as of the peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally rounded, dorsally excavate with a thickened rim; median sulcus shallow. Eyes posterior to bases of A-I, black. Antennae in horseshoe, evenly spaced, similar in thickness. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles thick and digitiform, with up to 3 irregular, cylindrical articulations each, in addition to wrinkles. Antennae to middle or posterior end of peristomium; A-I shortest; A-III longest. Peristomium cylindrical with distinct muscular lower lip. Separation between rings distinct dorsally; anterior ring of total peristomial length; a shallow crease dividing ventral side with anterior part of total length of ventral side. Dorsal and ventral grooves not matching. Peristomial cirri to middle of peristomium, without articulations.

Maxillary formula 1+1, 5+5, 6+0, 1+6, and 1+1. Mx VI absent. Mx III short, part of distal arc with Mx IV and V.

Branchiae present, palmate, distinctly longer than notopodial cirri, not reduced in mid-body region. Branchiae from setiger 22 in small and from setiger 30 in large syntype, continued to ends of fragments. Maximally 2 long, narrow branchial filaments present; most segments with single filaments.

Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes truncate, from about setiger 25, acicular lobes reduced, represented by single, large aciculae emerging directly from body wall (Figure 31f); aciculae emerging at midline. Body wall forming high transverse ridges on both sides of the body. Pre- and postsetal lobes follow outline of acicular lobes closely. First 4 ventral cirri thick and digitiform. Bases of ventral cirri increasingly elongated from setiger 5, with short digitiform tips in all setigers. From about setiger 20 ventral cirri elongated, glandular ridges making up lower edge of fleshy ridges supporting setae. All notopodial cirri medially inflated, without articulations, longer in posterior than in anterior setigers.

Shafts of pectinate setae (Figure 31d) slender, cylindrical. Blades flared, furled, forming an open scoop. Both marginal teeth slightly longer than other teeth, with ~15 teeth. Shafts of compound falcigers (Figure 31c,h) inflated, marginally smooth; distal beaks and internal striations absent. Appendages short; heads relatively large, bidentate. Proximal teeth larger than distal teeth, tapering, directed laterally. Distal teeth short, tapering, directed obliquely distally or laterally. Guards symmetrically rounded, marginally frayed in most hooks, without mucros. Pseudocompound falcigers and compound spinigers absent. Aciculae single (Figure 31b,g), very heavy, with light to dark brown cores and clear sheaths, with distinct narrow neck, asymmetrically hammer-headed distally; distal ends of acicular shafts curved in some parapodia; cross-sections round. Subacicular hooks (Figure 31e) with dark brown cores and clear sheaths, bidentate or tridentate with teeth in tandem. Hooks first present from setiger 17 or 24, present in all setigers thereafter, always single (except for replacements). Hooks strongly curved, strongly beaked in appearance. Main fangs very large and curved, with paired lateral denticles in some hooks; distal fangs smaller but similar in shape.

UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—Features associated with far posterior setigers; pygidium and anal cirri.

EXPECTED STATES OF SELECTED UNKNOWN FEATURES.—None.

CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 34, 56, 60. Unknown Characters: 1,2,4,6, 36–40, 63.

ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—37,1; 38,1.