Marchantiopsida

Lazio, Italy

Cerveteri, Lazio, Italy

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaMale antheridiophores (center of the picture)Dat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaFemale archegoniophore.Dat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees syn.: Preissia commutata NeesOrder: Marchantiales Limpr.Family: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) linflayGenus: Preissia CordaEN: Blister ribbon, Narrow Mushroom-headed Liverwort, DE: Preiss-Lebermoos, Quadratisches PreissmoosSlo.: robata stisnjenkaDat.: May 19. 2010Lat.: 46.31178 Long.: 13.55632Code: Bot_420/2010_DSC2259 Habitat: roadside of forest road escarpment, mixed wood edge; fairly steep mountain slope, north aspect; relatively cool and moist place; mostly in shade; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 510 m (1.670 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy moist soil.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Polovnike ridge, south of village ezsoa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Preissia quadrata is a thallose liverwort widely distributed in north hemisphere. As a member of liverworts it possibly belongs to the most early-evolved group of plants colonizing land environments. It is strictly bound to calcareous ground. Thalli produce male and female sexual organs in a form of up to 2 cm long stalks with flat or lobed discs at their apices. Smaller, male stalks are called antheridiophore and taller female stalks archegoniophore arpocephalum. Sometimes both appear on the same thallus (monoicous plants) or thalli have gametophytes that produce only sperm or eggs but never both (dioicous plants). Sperms are distributed by splashing rain drops but they can also swim the whole way to the female receptacles. This is of cause possible only if both male and female receptacles are surrounded by water (Ref.: 2). So water is essential for sexual propagation of these creatures.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 257; available at: rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/activities/liverworts/Preissia%2... (2) www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/quick-notes-on-marcha... (accessed Dec. 26.2018)(3) botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2015/05/preissia-quadr... (accessed Dec. 26. 2018)

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