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Langur gris meridional ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El langur gris meridional (Semnopithecus priam) és un mico del Vell Món. Igual que els altres langurs grisos, es tracta d'una espècie folívora. Viu al sud-est de l'Índia i a Sri Lanka.[1] És una de les diverses espècies del gènere Semnopithecus que foren anomenades en honor a personatges de la Ilíada, juntament amb Semnopithecus hector i Semnopithecus ajax. N'hi ha dues subespècies: Semnopithecus priam thersites, de Sri Lanka i els Ghats Occidentals (Índia), i Semnopithecus priam priam, que viu en una zona que s'estén d'Andhra Pradesh a Tamil Nadu.

Referències

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  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 175. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)


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Langur gris meridional: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El langur gris meridional (Semnopithecus priam) és un mico del Vell Món. Igual que els altres langurs grisos, es tracta d'una espècie folívora. Viu al sud-est de l'Índia i a Sri Lanka. És una de les diverses espècies del gènere Semnopithecus que foren anomenades en honor a personatges de la Ilíada, juntament amb Semnopithecus hector i Semnopithecus ajax. N'hi ha dues subespècies: Semnopithecus priam thersites, de Sri Lanka i els Ghats Occidentals (Índia), i Semnopithecus priam priam, que viu en una zona que s'estén d'Andhra Pradesh a Tamil Nadu.

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Südlicher Hanuman-Langur ( German )

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Der Südliche Hanuman-Langur (Semnopithecus priam) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen und ist eine der sechs Arten, in die die Untergattung Hanuman-Languren innerhalb der Gattung der Indischen Languren (Semnopithecus), in jüngeren Systematiken aufgeteilt wird.

Merkmale

Südliche Hanuman-Languren sind die kleinste Art der grauen Hanuman-Languren und erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 58 bis 64 Zentimetern, der Schwanz ist mit 66 bis 101 Zentimetern deutlich länger als der Körper. Das Gewicht der Männchen variiert zwischen 11 und 13,5 Kilogramm, Weibchen sind leichter.[1]

Wie alle Hanuman-Languren sind sie schlanke, langschwänzige Tiere. Ihr Fell ist gelblich-weiß gefärbt, der Rücken und die Gliedmaßen können etwas dunkler sein. Von allen anderen Hanuman-Languren unterscheiden sie sich durch den Haarschopf an der Oberseite des Kopfes. Das Gesicht ist dunkel und unbehaart, die Überaugenwülste sind ausgeprägt.

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Südlichen Hanuman-Languren
 src=
Porträt eines Südlichen Hanuman-Languren

Verbreitung und Unterarten

Südliche Hanuman-Languren leben im südöstlichen Indien sowie – als einzige Art der grauen Hanuman-Languren auf Sri Lanka.

Es gibt drei Unterarten:[1]

  • Semnopithecus priam priam lebt in einem stark fragmentierten Verbreitungsgebiet, das sich vom Fluss Krishna im Norden bis zum Distrikt Tirunelveli im Süden erstreckt und Teile der Bundesstaaten Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu und Kerala umfasst.
  • Semnopithecus priam aniches lebt im Süden des Dekkan. Sichere Vorkommen befinden sich in den Distrikten Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh und Tumakuru in Karnataka.
  • Semnopithecus priam thersites kommt im trockeneren Osten von Sri Lanka von der Jaffna-Halbinsel im Norden bis zur Südküste vor.

Lebensraum sind vorwiegend trockene Laubwälder, aber auch andere Waldformen. Sie sind auch in der Nähe des Menschen, beispielsweise in Gärten zu finden.

Lebensweise

Diese Primaten sind wie alle Altweltaffen tagaktiv, sie halten sich sowohl in den Bäumen als auch am Boden auf. Sie leben meist in Haremsgruppen, die sich aus einem Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und dem dazugehörigen Nachwuchs zusammensetzen. Manchmal kommen auch gemischte Gruppen (mehrere Männchen und Weibchen) vor; die übrig gebliebenen Männchen bilden oft Junggesellengruppen. Sie sind vorwiegend Pflanzenfresser und verzehren vorwiegend Blätter, Früchte und Blüten. (Näheres siehe unter Lebensweise der Hanuman-Languren.)

Aufgrund der Bejagung und der Lebensraumzerstörung wird die Art von der IUCN als „gering gefährdet“ (near threatened) gelistet.

Literatur

  • Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin u. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6.
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Belege

  1. a b D. Zinner, G. H. Fickenscher & C. Roos: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys). Seiten 736–737 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3. ISBN 978-8496553897

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Südlicher Hanuman-Langur: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Südliche Hanuman-Langur (Semnopithecus priam) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen und ist eine der sechs Arten, in die die Untergattung Hanuman-Languren innerhalb der Gattung der Indischen Languren (Semnopithecus), in jüngeren Systematiken aufgeteilt wird.

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मद्रासी खैरो लङ्गुर ( Nepali )

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मद्रासी खैरो लङ्गुर एक पूर्वजगतको बाँदर हो जुन लङ्गुर प्रजाति अन्तर्गत पर्दछ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरलाई हनुमान लङ्गुरसँग तुलना गरिन्छ जसको आकार तथा शारीरिक बनावट लगभग एकै प्रकारका हुन्छन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर आहाराका लागि मुख्यतया रूखका पातमा भर पर्छन्। यस प्रजातिक‍ लङ्गुर दक्षिणपूर्वी भारत र श्रीलङ्कामा पाइन्छन्।

शारीरिक विवरण

मदरासी खैरौ लङ्गुर एक प्रजातिको खैरो लङ्गुर हो जसको एक वयस्क भाले लङ्गुरको टाउको देखि पुच्छरको माथिल्लो भागको लम्बाई ५५ देखि ८० सेमी (२२ देखि ३१ इञ्च) हुन्छ भने यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको पुच्छरको कुल लम्बाई ७५ देखि ९० सेमी (३० देखि ३५ इञ्च) हुन्छ भने एक वयस्क मदरासी खैरो लङ्गुरको अौसत तौल ११ देखि २० किग्रा (२४ देखि ४४ पाउण्ड) हुन्छ।[३] यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको भाले पोथी भन्दा हल्का ठूलो हुन्छ। दक्षिणपूर्वी भारतमा पाइने यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको आकार तथा वजन श्रीलङ्कामा पाइने यही प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको भन्दा हल्का ठूलो हुन्छ। श्रीलङ्कामा बसोबास गर्ने लङ्गुरको आकार तथा वजनमा कमी भएतापनि यी प्रजातिहरू श्रीलङ्काका सबैभन्दा ठूलो लङ्गुरका प्रजातिहरू हुन्छ।[४]

श्रीलङ्कामा पाइने यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको शरीरको माथिल्लो भाग खैरो देखि खैरौ तथा खरान रङ्ग मिसिएको जस्तो देखिन्छ भने यस्तो शरिरिक रङ्ग उमेरसँगै गाढा हुँदै जान्छ। यस लङ्गुरको श्रीलङ्काली उपप्रजातिको शरीरको तल्लो भाग हल्का खैरो रङ्गको हुन्छ।[५] यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको टाउकोमा हल्का उच्च भाग हुन्छ जसलाई टाढैबाट नियाल्न सकिन्छ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको हात तथा खुट्टाको रङ्ग खैरो रङ्गका हुन्छ।

Tufted gray langur male at Mihintale, Sri Lanka.jpg
Tufted gray langur female at Mihintale.jpg
Tufted grey langur by nihal jabin.jpg

बासस्थान

श्रीलङ्कामा मदरासी खैरो लङ्गुरहरू सुख्खा क्षेत्रको जङ्गल तथा मानव बासस्थानहरूमा प्रशस्तै पाइन्छन्।[६] यस प्रजातिका थुप्रैपटक समूहहरू पुरातात्विक महत्त्वका क्षेत्रहरू जस्तै पोलोननरुवा, डम्बुला, अनुराधापुरा र सिगिरियामा प्रशस्त मात्रामा भेटिन्छन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर टापुको दक्षिणपट्टिका क्षेत्रहरू जस्तै; हाम्बनटोटा, याला राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज र टिस्समहाराममा पनि फेला पर्दछन्।[७]

Tufted gray langur (Semnopithecus priam).jpg

सिकारी

चितुवा र कालो चीलहरू मदरासी खैरो लङ्गुरका प्रमुख सिकारीहरू हुन् भने यस बाहेक बिरालो प्रजातिका जङ्गली जनावरीहरू जस्तै; बाघ र खैरो ब्वाँसोले यी जनावरीको सिकार गर्ने गरेको पाइन्छ। पानी पिउन आउने क्रममा तथा जमिनमा अोर्लिँदा खेरी यसलाई कहिलेकाँही मगर गोअी तथा भारतीय अजिङ्गरले पनि आक्रमण गर्ने गरेको पाइएको छ।[८]

संरक्षण स्थिती

यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घ द्वारा लोपोन्मुख बन्यजन्तुको रूपमा सूचीकृत गरिएको छ भने यसलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूचीमा पनि सूचीकृत गरिएको छ। मदरासी खैरो लङ्गुरको बासस्थान दायरामा मानव जातिको आवतजावत तथा यस लङ्गुरको भुत्ला तथा मासुका लागि गरिएको अवैध चोरी सिकारीका कारण यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरको सङ्ख्यामा ह्रास आएको छ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरलाई केही मानिसहरूले अवैध रूपमा सिकार गरि खाने गरेको पनि पाइएको छ। यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरलाई मानिसहरूले घरपालुवा जनावरको रूपमा पनि पालेका छन्। यस प्रजातिका लङ्गुरलाई श्रीलङ्का तथा भारत सुरक्षा दिनका लागि केही कार्यक्रमहरू सञ्चालनमा ल्याइएको छ।

सन्दर्भ सामग्री

  1. Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd संस्करण). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 175. . ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100699.
  2. Molur, S.; Singh, M. & Kumar, A. (२००८), "Semnopithecus priam", अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूची, सन् २००८: e.T१३५४४०A४१२८५५८, डिओआई:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135440A4128558.en, अन्तिम पहुँच १३ जनवरी २०१८
  3. Yapa, A.; Ratnavira, G. (2013). Mammals of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka. pp. 1012. .
  4. Roonwal, M. L. (1981). Intraspecific variation in size, proportion of body parts and weight in the Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus (Primates), in south Asia, with remarks on subspeciation. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 79, 125-158.
  5. Vandercone, R. (2011). Dietary Shifts, Niche Relationships and Interspecific Competition in Sympatric Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and Purple-faced Langur (Trachypithecus vetulus) in Sri Lanka. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology; University of Washington.
  6. Jayson, Eluvathingal Antony, Abnormal mating behaviour of Tufted grey langur, Semnopithecus priam at Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu
  7. "Semnopithecus priam thersites (Blyth, 1847)"
  8. "Primate Factsheets: Gray langur (Semnopithecus) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology"

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मद्रासी खैरो लङ्गुर: Brief Summary ( Nepali )

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मद्रासी खैरो लङ्गुर एक पूर्वजगतको बाँदर हो जुन लङ्गुर प्रजाति अन्तर्गत पर्दछ। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुरलाई हनुमान लङ्गुरसँग तुलना गरिन्छ जसको आकार तथा शारीरिक बनावट लगभग एकै प्रकारका हुन्छन्। यस प्रजातिको लङ्गुर आहाराका लागि मुख्यतया रूखका पातमा भर पर्छन्। यस प्रजातिक‍ लङ्गुर दक्षिणपूर्वी भारत र श्रीलङ्कामा पाइन्छन्।

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சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் குரங்கு ( Tamil )

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சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி (Tufted gray langur) ஒரு பழைய உலக குரங்காகும். மற்ற சாம்பல் மந்திகளைப் போலவே இவையும் இலை உண்ணும் குரங்காகும். இவை இந்தியா, இலங்கை போன்ற நாடுகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன[1]. இவை தற்போது அச்சுறு நிலையை அண்மித்த நிலையில் உள்ளது. இவை தமிழகத்தில் முதுமலை வனவிலங்கு காப்பகத்தில் காணப்படுகிறது. இவற்றில் இரண்டு சிற்றினங்கள் உள்ளன. அவை

  1. இந்திய சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி
  2. இலங்கை சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி

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சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் குரங்கு: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

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சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி (Tufted gray langur) ஒரு பழைய உலக குரங்காகும். மற்ற சாம்பல் மந்திகளைப் போலவே இவையும் இலை உண்ணும் குரங்காகும். இவை இந்தியா, இலங்கை போன்ற நாடுகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன. இவை தற்போது அச்சுறு நிலையை அண்மித்த நிலையில் உள்ளது. இவை தமிழகத்தில் முதுமலை வனவிலங்கு காப்பகத்தில் காணப்படுகிறது. இவற்றில் இரண்டு சிற்றினங்கள் உள்ளன. அவை

இந்திய சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி இலங்கை சுள்ளிய சாம்பல் மந்தி
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Tufted gray langur

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The tufted gray langur (Semnopithecus priam), also known as Madras gray langur, and Coromandel sacred langur, is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is mainly a leaf-eating monkey. It is found in southeast India and Sri Lanka.[1] It is one of three Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad, S. hector and S. ajax being the others. In Sinhala it is known as හැලි වදුරා (Heli wandura).

Taxonomy and evolution

There are two subspecies, Semnopithecus priam priam in India, and Semnopithecus priam thersites from Sri Lanka.

There are two theories about the evolution of these two subspecies. According to one theory, Semnopithecus priam arose from subspecies Semnopithecus vetulus philbricki. With the glacial fluctuations, and far apart from the Indian subcontinent, pushed two taxa apart, but both retained key adaptation to folivory, and a ruminant-like stomach. Thereafter, S. priam invaded India, when there was a land bridge and there split off into two subspecies of S. priam.[4] In the other theory, Sri Lankan subspecies S. priam thersites evolved from the endemic S. vetulus, whereas, Indian subspecies S. priam priam evolved from the S. johnii, which results the genetic variations between two S. priam subspecies.

Physical characteristics

  • Head to body length = 55 to 80 cm (22 to 31 in)
  • Tail length = 75 to 90 cm (30 to 35 in)
  • Weight of an adult = 11 to 20 kg (24 to 44 lb)

Males are larger than females.[4] The average adult weighs 12.8 kg (28 lb) with a head-to-body length of 61.1 cm (24.1 in).[5] The Indian subspecies is somewhat larger bodied than the Sri Lankan which typically weigh between 6.8 and 13.4 kg (15 and 30 lb).[6] Despite its somewhat slighter size there, the tufted gray langur is the largest native primate on Sri Lanka based on average sizes.[7]

In Sri Lankan subspecies, dorsal area gray to brownish gray in color, getting darker with the age. Underparts are light grayish. Short whitish beard and sideburns present. The hairs of the crown form a distinct pointed tuft or crest, that meets at a central point, hence the name. Black eyebrows project outward. Head scarcely paler or not paler than back. Hands and feet are same color as limbs.

Habitat

In Sri Lanka, tufted gray langurs are abundant in dry zone forests and also within human dwellings. Many numerous troops are found at archeologically important areas, such as Polonnaruwa, Dambulla, Anuradhapura, and Sigiriya. The animal is also found in southward of the island, such as Hambantota, Yala National Park, and Tissamaharama.

Ecology

Generally a shy animal, tufted gray langurs are partially arboreal, semi-terrestrial and diurnal in habit. They always finds a way to come to the ground when there is no danger. Unlike the canopy-dweeling sympatric relatives, they are rather common in urban settlements, found in gardens, and other large fruit trees such as Mangifera indica, and Artocarpus heterophyllus.[2]

Diet

Mostly folivorous, tufted gray langurs are fond of eating anything vegetarian. They are known to eat fruits and seeds. Langurs are differ from leaf monkeys, where latter is known to eat mature, fleshy fruits, and langurs are like to eat partially drier fibrous fruits. The leaves of Drypetes sepiaria, Dimocarpus longan, Ficus microcarpa, Holoptelea integrifolia, and fruits and seeds of Hydnocarpus venenata, Ficus arnottiana, Macaranga peltata are known to eat by Sri Lankan subspecies.[8][9]

Sometimes, the troops can be seen near the water bodies, where they feed on Nelumbo nucifera seeds.[10] Insects and everygreen leaves are eaten when others foods are less abundant and bark is only eaten when there is no other food available. The Gray Langur's diet is high in strychnine, which can be harmful to animals. Therefore, it will commonly ingest the gum of the Sterculia urens to counteract the effects. This gum is marketed in England as a prescription laxative known as Normacol.

Predators

Leopards, and Black eagles are the major predators of the tufted gray langurs. Other than them, siblings and sub adults are attacked by tigers, dhole, gray wolves, mugger crocodile, and Indian rock python occasionally.[11]

Behavior

Tufted gray langurs are mainly philopatric, meaning they stick to their territories. A single troop may include about 20 to 50 individuals. Large troops are led by both large male-female combinations, whereas small troops are governed by an alpha male. Females quickly attain their heat and mate with new alpha male, even when they are not ready for the reproduction in the natural estrous cycle.[12]

Female langur gives birth to a single offspring or rarely twins, after a 6 months of gestation period. After birth, offspring is attach to the mother about 3 months with all the nourishment and other protection. Sub adult males and other males usually spend the time with searching for foods, rivals with neighboring alpha males, and protecting the troop. Females spend the time with feeding the young, grooming them, and even play with the young.[13]

Tufted gray langurs communicate with many different ways such as barks, grunts, whoops, whistles and howls. The cough like voice is used for giving tension, and whistling for the contact loss with the troop.[4] The tufted gray langur monkey's superior eyesight and ability to sit atop high trees allows it to spot predators easily. Researchers have noted that this species will often sit next to herds of the spotted deer and notify them when a predator is approaching. Additionally, the langur will often drop fruit from tall trees, which the Spotted Deer will then feed on. In return, the Spotted Deer's excellent sense of smell allows it to detect predators early on and warn the langur that something may be approaching.

Conservation

According to IUCN Red List, tufted gray langur is listed as a "Near Threatened" species, due to decline of populations in recent years. Hunting and habitat destruction also affect for the declining of the species. Some people also fond of eating langur meat in some parts of Sri Lanka. Very few occasions are recorded of being captured for pets. Numerous conservations projects are undertaken in both Sri Lankan and Indian forests and sanctuaries.[2]

Both subspecies thersites and priam are listed as "Near Threatened".

References

  1. ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 175. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Singh, M.; Kumara, H.N.; Dittus, W.; Kumar, A.; Nag, C. (2020). "Semnopithecus priam". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T167546892A17942964. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T167546892A17942964.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ^ a b c Yapa, A.; Ratnavira, G. (2013). Mammals of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka. p. 1012. ISBN 978-955-8576-32-8.
  5. ^ Roonwal, M. L. (1981). Intraspecific variation in size, proportion of body parts and weight in the Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus (Primates), in south Asia, with remarks on subspeciation. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 79, 125-158.
  6. ^ Vandercone, R. (2011). Dietary Shifts, Niche Relationships and Interspecific Competition in Sympatric Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and Purple-faced Langur (Trachypithecus vetulus) in Sri Lanka. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology; University of Washington.
  7. ^ de Silva Wijeyeratne, G. (2016). Mammals of Sri Lanka. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  8. ^ Rajnish P. Vandercone, Chameera Dinadh, Gayan Wijethunga, Kitsiri Ranawana, David T. Rasmussen (December 2012). Dietary Diversity and Food Selection in Hanuman Langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) and Purple-Faced Langurs (Trachypithecus vetulus) in the Kaludiyapokuna Forest Reserve in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Primatology 33 (6): 1382-1405.
  9. ^ "Primate Ecology and Behavior Project". Rajnish Vandercone, Arun Bandara, Gihan Jayaweera. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  10. ^ "Tufted gray langur eating lotus flower (semnopithecus priam), Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka - Stock Photos : Masterfile".
  11. ^ "Primate Factsheets: Gray langur (Semnopithecus) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology".
  12. ^ Jayson, Eluvathingal Antony. "Abnormal mating behaviour of Tufted grey langur, Semnopithecus priam at Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ "Semnopithecus priam thersites (Blyth, 1847)".
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Tufted gray langur: Brief Summary

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The tufted gray langur (Semnopithecus priam), also known as Madras gray langur, and Coromandel sacred langur, is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is mainly a leaf-eating monkey. It is found in southeast India and Sri Lanka. It is one of three Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad, S. hector and S. ajax being the others. In Sinhala it is known as හැලි වදුරා (Heli wandura).

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Semnopithecus priam ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El langur gris moñudo (Semnopithecus priam) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae.[2]​ Esta especie, como los otros langures grises, es un folívoro que habita al sudeste de la India y Sri Lanka.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Molur, S., Singh, M. & Kumar, A. (2008). «Semnopithecus priam». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 21 de agosto de 2011.
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). «Semnopithecus priam». En Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 175. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El langur gris moñudo (Semnopithecus priam) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae.​ Esta especie, como los otros langures grises, es un folívoro que habita al sudeste de la India y Sri Lanka.​

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Semnopithecus priam ( Basque )

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Semnopithecus priam Cercopithecidae familiako Semnopithecus generoko espezieetako bat da.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak


Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Semnopithecus priam Cercopithecidae familiako Semnopithecus generoko espezieetako bat da.

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Semnopithecus priam ( French )

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Semnopithecus priam est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C’est un singe asiatique, un entelle de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

Répartition

Carte du sud de l'Inde et Sri Lanka avec des taches bleues à l'ouest
Répartition (en bleu) en Inde et au Sri Lanka

L'Entelle gris se rencontre en Asie, au sud est de l'Inde et au Sri Lanka.

Classification

Auparavant considéré comme faisant partie de l'espèce Semnopithecus entellus, en 2001 Groves a scindé celle-ci en sept espèces distinctes[1],[2].

Synonymes :

  • Semnopithecus pallipes Blyth, 1844
  • Semnopithecus priamus Blyth, 1847

Notes et références

  1. (en) Groves, C. P. 2001c. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 350 pp.
  2. (en) Référence Mammal Species of the World (3e éd., 2005) : Semnopithecus Desmarest, 1822

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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( French )

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Semnopithecus priam est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C’est un singe asiatique, un entelle de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

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Semnopithecus priam ( Italian )

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L'entello dal ciuffo (Semnopithecus priam Blyth, 1844) è un primate catarrino della famiglia dei cercopitecidi: per la precisione, appartiene alla sottofamiglia dei Colobinae e fa parte della tribù dei Presbytini, raggruppante l'ala asiatica di tale sottofamiglia.

Vive in India sud-orientale (stato del Tamil Nadu) e Sri Lanka[1], dove colonizza le aree di foresta monsonica, pur adattandosi bene sia alle aree di boscaglia non molto fitta, che alla vita in aree antropizzate.

È una delle specie di entello (assieme a Semnopithecus hector e Semnopithecus ajax) a prendere il nome dai personaggi dell'Iliade.

Sulla specie si conosce molto poco, poiché in passato essa veniva considerata una sottospecie di Semnopithecus entellus, e raramente gli studi dei ricercatori si concentrano sulle singole sottospecie, limitandosi a dare un quadro generale dei costumi dell'intera specie presa in considerazione. È molto probabile, tuttavia, che le sue abitudini non differiscano molto da quelle delle altre specie: si tratterebbe dunque di animali diurni e dalle abitudini tanto arboricole quanto terricole. Vivono in gruppi a composizione variabile, anche se vi è una tendenza dei maschi a formare degli harem: ciascun gruppo occupa un proprio territorio, che difende accanitamente dai gruppi rivali.

Dalle abitudini erbivore, si nutrono di foglie, germogli, frutta e fiori, ma laddove coabitano con l'uomo si abituano facilmente a razziare i pollai in cerca di uova e le case, rubando pane ed altri generi alimentari lasciati incustoditi.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Semnopithecus priam, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Molur, S., Singh, M. & Kumar, A. 2008, Semnopithecus priam, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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L'entello dal ciuffo (Semnopithecus priam Blyth, 1844) è un primate catarrino della famiglia dei cercopitecidi: per la precisione, appartiene alla sottofamiglia dei Colobinae e fa parte della tribù dei Presbytini, raggruppante l'ala asiatica di tale sottofamiglia.

Vive in India sud-orientale (stato del Tamil Nadu) e Sri Lanka, dove colonizza le aree di foresta monsonica, pur adattandosi bene sia alle aree di boscaglia non molto fitta, che alla vita in aree antropizzate.

È una delle specie di entello (assieme a Semnopithecus hector e Semnopithecus ajax) a prendere il nome dai personaggi dell'Iliade.

Sulla specie si conosce molto poco, poiché in passato essa veniva considerata una sottospecie di Semnopithecus entellus, e raramente gli studi dei ricercatori si concentrano sulle singole sottospecie, limitandosi a dare un quadro generale dei costumi dell'intera specie presa in considerazione. È molto probabile, tuttavia, che le sue abitudini non differiscano molto da quelle delle altre specie: si tratterebbe dunque di animali diurni e dalle abitudini tanto arboricole quanto terricole. Vivono in gruppi a composizione variabile, anche se vi è una tendenza dei maschi a formare degli harem: ciascun gruppo occupa un proprio territorio, che difende accanitamente dai gruppi rivali.

Dalle abitudini erbivore, si nutrono di foglie, germogli, frutta e fiori, ma laddove coabitano con l'uomo si abituano facilmente a razziare i pollai in cerca di uova e le case, rubando pane ed altri generi alimentari lasciati incustoditi.

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Ceylonhoelman ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De ceylonhoelman (Semnopithecus priam) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Blyth in 1844.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in India en Sri Lanka.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Ceylonhoelman: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De ceylonhoelman (Semnopithecus priam) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Blyth in 1844.

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Semnopithecus priam ( Portuguese )

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O langur-cinzento-empenachado (Semnopithecus priam) é uma das 7 espécies de Semnopithecus.[1][4] É encontrado no sudeste da Índia e no Sri Lanka.

Estado de conservação

Esta espécie foi listada como "quase ameaçada" embora esteja segura, existe alguma perda de habitat na Índia e caça. Por outro lado a perda de indivíduos não é tão significativa para a considerar como "vulnerável".[1]

Referências

  1. a b c «Semnopithecus priam na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2012
  2. «Semnopithecus priam priam na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2012
  3. «Semnopithecus priam thersites na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2012
  4. «Semnopithecus priam no mammal species of the world» (em inglês). Mammal Species of the World. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2012
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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O langur-cinzento-empenachado (Semnopithecus priam) é uma das 7 espécies de Semnopithecus. É encontrado no sudeste da Índia e no Sri Lanka.

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Semnopithecus priam ( Swedish )

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Semnopithecus priam[2] är en primat i släktet hulmaner som förekommer i södra Indien och på Sri Lanka.

Utseende

Hannar är med en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 51 till 78 cm, en svanslängd av 75 till 85,5 cm och en vikt av 10,6 till 19,8 kg större än honor. Honor blir utan svans 40,4 till 58 cm långa, svanslängden är lika som hos hannar och vikten varierar mellan 6,7 och 15,6 kg. Djuret har i några regioner gulvit päls på kroppen med flera gråbruna skuggor. Pälsen står i kontrast till det nakna svarta ansiktet och de svarta öronen. Hos andra populationer är pälsen mer gråbrun med orange ställen. De långa håren kring ansiktet bildar en krans och dessutom kan en tofs på huvudets topp förekomma.[3]

Utbredning

Arten vistas i låglandet och i låga bergstrakter upp till 1200 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av städsegröna skogar och av mera torra lövfällande skogar. Semnopithecus priam uppsöker även trädgårdar och andra urbaniserade områden.[1]

Ekologi

Individerna är aktiva på dagen och klättrar i växtligheten eller går på marken. De äter främst blad och frukter.[1] Födan kompletteras med blommor, frön, trädens vätskor och jord från termitstackar.[3]

Hos Semnopithecus priam förekommer flockar med en alfahanne, flera honor och deras ungar samt ungkarlsflockar. När en ny hanne uppnår den högsta positionen i en flock med honor dödar den ibland den andra hannens ungar. Honor parar sig i genomsnitt med 17 månaders mellan rum. Dräktigheten varar i cirka 168 dagar och ungen diar sin mor lite mer än ett år. Honor stannar i flocken där de föddes och hannar lämnar flocken efter cirka fyra år.[3]

Status

Denna primat hotas av habitatförstöring och i viss mån av jakt. Ibland fångas ungdjur för att hålla de som sällskapsdjur. IUCN listar arten som nära hotad (NT).[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d] Molur, S., Singh, M. & Kumar, A. 2008 Semnopithecus priam Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2014-02-16.
  2. ^ Wilson & Reeder, red (2005). Semnopithecus priam (på engelska). Mammal Species of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
  3. ^ [a b c] Rowe & Myers, red (2016). ”Semnopithecus priam”. All the World's Primates. Charlestown: Pogonias Press. sid. 582-584. ISBN 978-1-940496-06-1

Externa länkar

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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Semnopithecus priam är en primat i släktet hulmaner som förekommer i södra Indien och på Sri Lanka.

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Semnopithecus priam ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Це тонкі, довгохвості тварини. Хутро жовтувато-біле. Спина і кінцівки можуть бути трохи темнішими. З поміж інших видів роду вирізняються копицею волосся на верхній частині голови. Лице темне і голе.

Поширення

Цей вид поширений в південній Індії і Шрі-Ланці. Цей вид зустрічається в тропічних сухих вічнозелених лісах, прибережних, сухих листяних лісах, прибережних лісах, садах, навколо храмів та посівних площ. Він знаходиться в Індії до 1200 м і в Шрі-Ланці до 500 м.

Стиль життя

Напівдеревний, денний, листоїдний, квітоїдний і плодоїдний вид. Вони зазвичай живуть в гаремах, які складаються з одного самця, кількох самиць і потомства. Іноді трапляються змішані групи (кілька самців і самиць); інші самці часто утворюють холостяцькі групи.

Загрози та охорона

Полювання та втрата середовища існування є головними загрозами. Зустрічається в декількох охоронних територіях.

Посилання


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Voọc nâu ( Vietnamese )

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Voọc nâu[3] (danh pháp hai phần: Semnopithecus priam) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Blyth mô tả năm 1844.[2]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Molur, S., Singh, M. & Kumar, A. (2008). Semnopithecus priam. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Semnopithecus priam”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ “Thông tư số 40/2013/TT-BNNPTNT của Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn: Ban hành Danh mục các loài động vật, thực vật hoang dã quy định trong các Phụ lục của Công ước về buôn bán quốc tế các loài động vật, thực vật hoang dã nguy cấp” (Thông cáo báo chí). Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2017.
 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Voọc nâu  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Voọc nâu


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Voọc nâu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Voọc nâu (danh pháp hai phần: Semnopithecus priam) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Blyth mô tả năm 1844.

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Semnopithecus priam ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
Семейство: Мартышковые
Подсемейство: Тонкотелые обезьяны
Триба: Presbytini
Вид: Semnopithecus priam
Международное научное название

Semnopithecus priam Blyth, 1844

Ареал

изображение

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ITIS 944268NCBI 1208733EOL 4453757

Semnopithecus priam (лат.) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых отряда приматов.

Классификация

Ранее считался подвидом Semnopithecus entellus. Некоторые эксперты полагают, что этот вид является естественным гибридом между Trachypithecus johnii и Semnopithecus dussumieri. Это один из нескольких видов рода Semnopithecus названных в честь одного из героев древнегреческого эпоса Илиада, наряду с Semnopithecus hector и Semnopithecus ajax. Выделяют два подвида

Статус популяции

Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду охранный статус «Уязвимый», поскольку по оценкам 2008 года популяция должна сократиться по меньшей мере на 30% в течение 30 лет (3 поколения). Основная угроза популяции — охота.[1]

Примечания

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Semnopithecus priam: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Semnopithecus priam (лат.) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых отряда приматов.

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술회색랑구르 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

술회색랑구르 (Semnopithecus priam)는 구세계원숭이의 일종으로, 랑구르 중 하나이다. 이들은 다른 회색랑구르처럼 잎을 먹는 원숭이이다. 인도 남동부와 스리랑카에서 발견된다.[1] 타라이회색랑구르(Semnopithecus hector)와 카슈미르회색랑구르(Semnopithecus ajax)와 같은 여러 회색랑구르속(Semnopithecus) 종의 학명은 일리아스(The Iliad)의 등장 인물들의 이름에서 유래하였다.

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 175쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Semnopithecus priam”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
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Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자

술회색랑구르: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

술회색랑구르 (Semnopithecus priam)는 구세계원숭이의 일종으로, 랑구르 중 하나이다. 이들은 다른 회색랑구르처럼 잎을 먹는 원숭이이다. 인도 남동부와 스리랑카에서 발견된다. 타라이회색랑구르(Semnopithecus hector)와 카슈미르회색랑구르(Semnopithecus ajax)와 같은 여러 회색랑구르속(Semnopithecus) 종의 학명은 일리아스(The Iliad)의 등장 인물들의 이름에서 유래하였다.

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