Cypridinodes pix Kornicker 1996

Cypridinodes pix

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin pix (pitch).

HOLOTYPE.—Undissected ovigerous female in alcohol, AM P45367.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Gulf of Carpentaria, in vicinity of Weipa, Queensland, Australia; sampling depth 10 m; 16 Nov 1981, time 1643.

PARATYPES.—Type locality: USNM 194099, adult male on slide and in alcohol; USNM 194111, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol; AM P45373, 2 undissected adult females in alcohol plus 1 specimen in alcohol with 1 valve separated and parts of 1st antennae missing.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type locality in Gulf of Carpentaria.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 5–8a–j).—Carapace with convex ventral and dorsal margins (Figure 5); anterior margin of rostrum fairly straight with pointed tip (Figures 5, 6a–c). Projecting caudal process at midheight and with dorsal slope continuous with posterior end of valve dorsal to process (Figure 5). Rostrum with low broad lateral process projecting past valve edge very slightly or not at all (Figure 6a,b). Low but distinct rib paralleling ventral edge of valve (edge of rib sharply defined ventrally but gradually blends into valve surface dorsally) (Figure 5); a second, less well-defined rib lies just within dorsal edge of valve (Figure 5). Right valve with lunate process ventral to incisur (Figures 5, 6e), with 28 undivided bristles forming row on inner surface just within outer edge of process and with 3 bristles on valve edge posterior to lunate process (Figure 6e). Left valve without lunate process but with 22 undivided bristles along edge of anteroventral corner (Figure 6d).

Ornamentation: Surface of valves with distinct rounded fossae (Figures 5, 6a) and small reticulations (some shown in Figure 6a); reticulations, especially those on posterior part of valve, with rounded posterior edge and poorly defined anterior edge giving valve surface a scalloped appearance.

Infold: Rostral infold with 1 proximal bristle, row of 8–12 divided bristles paralleling valve edge and separated by space from row of 8 closely spaced bristles near tip of rostrum, and 2 closely spaced bristles at inner end of incisur (Figure 6c). Anteroventral infold just ventral to incisur with 2 short bristles near inner end of incisur (Figure 6c,d). Anteroventral infold and anterior part of ventral infold with 50 bristles (not all shown in Figure 6c–e); narrow, well-developed list on anteroventral infold of both valves, but list (crenulate) on ventral infold of only left valve. Infold of caudal process forming pocket, and anterior ridge bearing about 30 fairly smooth processes and 2 small bristles along posterior edge (Figure 6f); on left valve ventral edge of ridge forms low knob, and row of 5 small bristles present between knob and ventral edge of valve.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with smooth outer edge present along anterior margin of rostrum. Prolongation along ventral edge of incisur broad, narrowly striate. Lamellar prolongation along anteroventral margin with outer edge smooth or, at most, minutely serrate except medial to lunate process of right valve and anteroventral corner of left valve; lamellar prolongation along ventral margin of valve smooth or minutely serrate; lamellar prolongation of right valve just posterior to lunate process divided into proximal and distal parts by suture near midwidth. Lamellar prolongation medial to lunate process of right valve narrower and with serrations along outer edge (length of serrations about one-half width of prolongation) (Figure 6e); prolongation along anteroventral margin of left valve with similar serrations.

Carapace Size (length (L), height (H), in mm): USNM 194099, L = 2.21, H = 1.62.

First Antenna (Figure 6g,h): 1st joint with few indistinct distal lateral spines and medial hairs near dorsal margin. 2nd joint with abundant medial spines and distal lateral spines. 3rd joint longer on lateral side, with oblique distal margin, medial spines near ventral margin, few proximal spines near dorsal margin, and 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral subterminal, 1 dorsal proximal to midlength). 4th joint with medial spines and spines along ventral and dorsal margins, 1 spinous terminal ventral bristle, and 1 spinous subterminal dorsal bristle. 5th joint with few dorsal spines; sensory bristle longer than joints 3–8, with 9 long filaments (9th filament some distance from proximal 8 and slightly narrower) followed by 2 shorter and more slender filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint with few dorsal spines and short spinous medial bristle (with tubular tip) near dorsal margin. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous, slightly longer than bristle of 6th joint, with tubular tip; b-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with stout, basally broad proximal filament (having round transparent sucker with indistinct spines along outer edge), followed by 2 long filaments, each with minute process proximal to 7 or 8 small round suckers, then by 2 short slender filaments (1 about length of other) just distal to base of distal filament; tip of bristle not bifurcate; c-bristle twice length of b-bristle, with stout proximal filament similar to that of b-bristle, followed by long filament with minute process proximal to row of 7 small round suckers, then short slender filament adjacent to 2nd long filament with minute process proximal to row of 7 small round suckers, and then 5 long slender marginal filaments (some with few marginal teeth) with terminal papilla (tip of bristle missing) (Figure 6h). 8th joint: d- and e-bristles slightly shorter than b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle same length as c-bristle, with 9 slender filaments (with 1–3 proximal dorsal marginal teeth and few slender ventral hairs opposite teeth) and bifurcate tip; g-bristle similar to f-bristle.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with short distal medial bristle (Figure 7a). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 7a): 1st joint with 4 proximal bristles (1 long with indistinct marginal spines, 3 short bare) and 1 long spinous distal bristle; 2nd joint bare; 3rd joint with long terminal filament. Exopodite: 1st joint with hairs or spines along ventral and dorsal margins; bristle of 2nd joint with 13 stout ventral spines and 5 slender dorsal spines (Figure 7b); bristles of joints 3–8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles (1 short (dorsal), 1 medium, 2 long) with natatory hairs; joints 2–8 with stout basal spines increasing in length on distal joints (spine of 8th joint about 1 times length of 9th joint); 9th joint with lateral spine about same length as joint; joints 2–8 with lateral row of minute spines along distal edges; joint 2 also with row of short ventral spines at midlength.

Mandible: Coxale endite spinous, with 2 stout spines at tip with small peg between them and with small bristle at base. Basale: ventral margin with 2 small a-bristles (longer bristle with short marginal spines), 1 small b-bristle, 2 c-bristles (longer bristle with short marginal spines), and 2 d-bristles (longer bristle with wreaths of long spines, other bristle with short spines); dorsal margin with 1 bristle at distal joint length and 2 terminal bristles, all with short marginal spines; dorsal half of medial surface with numerous rows of spines. Exopodite about longer than dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute, with few minute terminal spines and 2 bristles at distal joint length (proximal bristle longer, with short proximal and distal spines and longer spines at midlength; shorter bristle bare). 1st endopodial joint with 4 ventral bristles (1 minute medial tubular bare, 1 short medial with short spines, 2 long with short and long spines). 2nd endopodial joint narrows at about length; ventral margin with 2 or 3 (3 aberrant) single-ringed bristles with tubular tips and paired terminal bristles (medial bristle unringed, sclerotized, broader, slightly longer, with curved tip; lateral bristle ringed, with minute tubular tip); dorsal margin with 7 long spinous ringed bristles, 10–12 short spinous unringed bristles (spines on 3 or 4 short bristles stouter than on others), and 2 short ringed distal bristles with short spines (not all dorsal bristles or their spines shown; Figure 7c,d). 3rd endopodial joint with short dorsal part bearing short bristle medial to long claw (both bare) and with longer ventral part bearing 2 stout claws (medial claw about longer than lateral claw and strongly pectinate in proximal ; lateral claw pectinate at midlength) and 3 ringed ventral bristles (2 long (with few minute ventral spines at proximal end; longest bristle with slightly broader basal part) and 1 minute) with tubular tips (Figure 7d). (Rings of bristles not always shown in illustrations.)

Maxilla (Figure 7e): Endite I with 9 spinous and pectinate bristles; endite II hirsute, with 7 spinous and pectinate bristles; endite III hirsute, with 1 proximal ringed plumose bristle and 5 spinous and pectinate terminal bristles. Precoxale with dorsal hairs. Coxale with long dorsal bristle (broken on illustrated limb). Basale with short bare ventral bristle. Exopodite about length of 1st endopodial joint, with inner edge joining 1st endopodial joint and with 3 bare bristles (1 short proximal, 2 long terminal). Endopodite: 1st joint with 2 ringed alpha-bristles (1 short with long proximal spines, 1 long, bare except for hairs near hooked tip and minute subterminal spine on inner edge, with sclerotized unringed dorsal edge (see detail in illustration)) and 3 ringed beta-bristles (inner bristle short bare with tubular tip, 2 outer bristles long pectinate). 2nd endopodial joint with 4 ringed a-bristles (3rd bristle pectinate, others bare), 2 ringed pectinate b-bristles (an additional bristle may be missing from limb studied), 3 ringed c-bristles (inner bristle short bare, others stout pectinate), and 3 stout pectinate d-bristles (posterior bristle ringed, others unringed).

Fifth Limb: Endite I with 7 bristles with long spines; endites II and III each with 5 or 6 bristles either with long spines or pectinate. Protopodite with short anterior tooth (Figure 7f). Exopodite: anterior side with row of 3 bristles (2 stout with few long spines at midlength and short spines distal to midlength, 1 short slender with long proximal hairs) and with 1 bristle with long proximal hairs close to protopodial tooth (bristle absent from illustrated limb); main tooth comprising peg with serrate margin and 6 cuspate teeth (Figure 7g); bristle with long proximal hairs and short distal spines present proximal to peg. 2nd joint with posterior c-bristle with short spines, anterior d-bristle with many long proximal hairs, and total of 13 ringed pectinate a- and b-bristles (4 a-bristles, 5 b′-bristles, and 4 b″-bristles (2 b″-bristles with very stout rounded teeth in middle part)). 3rd joint: inner lobe with 1 short ringed bare proximal bristle and 2 long ringed terminal bristles with short spines; outer lobe hirsute, with 2 ringed bristles with short spines; 4th and 5th joints fused, hirsute, with total of 5 spinous bristles (not shown). (Rings not shown on all bristles of illustrated limbs.)

Sixth Limb (Figure 7h): Hirsute with 3 or 4 epipodial bristles. Endite I with 3 or 4 bristles (2 or 3 short medial, 1 long terminal); endite II with 5 bristles (2 short medial, 2 long, and 1 minute terminal); endites III and IV each with 1 hirsute medial bristle and 2 long spinous terminal bristles with minute bristle between them. End joint posteriorly extended, with 22 or 23 bristles (2 broad plumose posterior, 4 or 5 short lateral, 4 medial at midheight close to bases of 2 posterior bristles, and 12 short and long with bases either medial or on edge).

Seventh Limb: Terminal segment with 4 bristles on ventral margin, each with 3–5 bells, and 3 bristles proximal to comb, 1 on one side, 2 on the other, each with 3–5 bells. Proximal bristles comprise 4 on ventral side and 6 or 7 on dorsal side, each with 3 bells. Total number of bristles on each limb 17 or 18. Comb with about 7 long teeth and 3 shorter teeth on each side. Stout jaw opposite comb with about 11 stout teeth.

Furca (Figure 7i): Each lamella with 6 claws (4 anterior claws missing from both lamellae of USNM 194099, so it is not possible to ascertain with certainty whether claw 2 is disarticulated as on female furca described herein, but it probably is based on males and females of other species). Left lamella narrower than right lamella.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 8b): Short (illustrated organ probably distorted).

Eyes: Medial eye with amber-colored areas but without brown pigment (Figure 8b). Lateral eye larger than medial eye, with black pigment and about 17 ommatidia (Figure 8a).

Upper Lip (Figure 8c–g): Anterior unpaired part of lip with 5 rows of glandular processes (4 short dorsal pairs, each process close to adjacent process, ventral pair longer and more widely separated). Paired posterior part of lip with elongate pointed tusks without glandular processes; each tusk with few long anterior hairs, lateral row of long stout hairs, posterior row of slender short hairs, diaphanous process at tip, and posterior serrate process with 5 or 6 teeth and rounded posterior margin; hirsute rounded lobe present between serrate process and mouth.

Genitalia (Figure 7i–k): Well-developed lobes (some with bristles) on each side of body anterior to furca.

Anterior of Body (Figure 8h): Muscles attached just ventral to base of 1st antenna indicate presence of low anterior process.

Posterior of Body (Figure 8i): Bare with 6 well-developed “segments” dorsal to end of girdle.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 8j): Dorsal and ventral branches forming acute angle.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figure 8k–r).—Carapace similar in shape to that of adult male. Lunate process of right valve with 25 undivided bristles and 4 similar bristles on valve edge posterior to process. Left valve without lunate process but with 24 bristles along anteroventral corner.

Ornamentation: Similar to that of adult male.

Infold: Rostral infold with 1 proximal bristle, row of 11 bristles paralleling valve edge and separated by space from row of 5 closely spaced bristles near tip of rostrum, 1 bristle at midwidth of ventral edge, and 2 closely spaced bristles at inner end of incisur. Anteroventral infold just ventral to incisur with 2 short bristles near inner end of incisur. Anteroventral infold and anterior part of ventral infold with 60 bristles including 12–22 minute divided bristles. Anterior ridge of caudal process with 22–26 processes and 4 small bristles. Narrow list along anteroventral and ventral margins similar to that of adult male.

Selvage: Similar to that of adult male.

Carapace Size (length (L), height (H), in mm): AM P45367 (holotype), L = 2.30, H = 1.68. USNM 194111, L = 2.27, H = 1.70. AM P45373, 2 specimens: L = 2.25, H = 1.66; L = 2.34, H = 1.61.

First Antenna: 1st joint with few short indistinct distal spines near dorsal margin. 2nd joint spinous. 3rd joint with ventral and medial spines and 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral at midlength, 1 dorsal at proximal ). 4th joint with few dorsal spines and 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral subterminal, 1 dorsal terminal). 5th joint with few dorsal spines; sensory bristle about same length as joints 3–8, with 10 long filaments (10th filament some distance from proximal 9 and slightly narrower) followed by 2 shorter and more slender filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint with short medial bristle with few spines and minute tubular tip. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous, slightly longer than bristle of 6th joint, with minute tubular tip; b-bristle about length of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 marginal filaments and undivided tip; c-bristle almost 3 times length of b-bristle, with 9 marginal filaments (some with few marginal teeth) and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles about same length as b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle about 2 times length of b-bristle, with 9 marginal filaments (some with few marginal teeth) and bifurcate tip; g-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle, with 10 marginal filaments (some with few marginal teeth) and bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Bristle of 2nd exopodial joint with 16–18 stout ventral spines and 3–7 slender ventral spines; limb otherwise similar to that of adult male.

Mandible: 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with 2 single and 2 terminal paired bristles similar to those of adult male; dorsal margin with 7 long spinous ringed bristles, 10 or 11 short spinous unringed bristles (spines on 4 bristles stouter than others), and 2 or 3 short or medium ringed bristles with short spines. 3rd endopodial joint: longest ventral bristle with few minute ventral spines on slightly broader basal part. Limb otherwise similar to that of adult male.

Maxilla: Similar to that of adult male (only dorsal bristle of coxale shown in Figure 8k (this bristle broken on maxilla of illustrated adult male)).

Fifth Limb: Epipodite with 54 bristles. Endites I–III with 7, 5, and 6 bristles, respectively. 1st exopodial joint with 4 anterior bristles (row of 3 plus 1 close to protopodial tooth); main tooth with only 1 marginal serration on proximal peg (Figure 8l), otherwise similar to that of adult male. Exopodial joints 2–5 similar to those of adult male.

Sixth Limb: Hirsute, with 5 epipodial bristles. Endite I with 1–3 short hirsute medial bristles and 1 long spinous terminal bristle; endite II with 1 or 2 short hirsute medial bristles and 1 minute and 2 long spinous terminal bristles (minute bristle medial and between terminal bristles); endites III and IV each with 1 hirsute medial bristle and 2 long spinous terminal bristles with minute bristle between them. End joint similar in shape to that of adult male, with 26–28 bristles (2 broad plumose posterior, 6 or 7 short or medium lateral, 5 medial at midheight close to bases of 2 posterior bristles, and 13 or 14 long and short with bases either medial or on edge).

Seventh Limb: Bristles of terminal segment similar to those of adult male. Proximal bristles comprise 5 or 6 on ventral side and 8 or 9 on dorsal side, each with 3 bells. Total number of bristles on each limb 21. Comb similar to that of adult male. Jaw opposite comb with about 12 teeth (Figure 8m).

Furca (Figure 8n,o): Each lamella with 6 slender claws (4 specimens examined), claw 2 disarticulated, claws decrease in length and width posteriorly along lamella. Claw 1 with teeth forming medial (distal 10 teeth stouter) and lateral (teeth in distal half stouter and of similar size) rows; claws 2 and 3 with teeth of similar size forming medial and lateral rows; claws 4 and 5 with teeth along posterior edge (some teeth larger than others); claw 6 either bare or with few minute teeth along posterior edge. Right lamella anterior to left lamella by width of base of claw 1 and with few minute anterior spines adjacent to claw 1; left lamella narrower than right lamella (Figure 8n) (difference in width greater than on adult male). (Teeth of claws not shown in illustrations.)

Bellonci Organ (Figure 8p): Short, broadening distally, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye with amber-colored area but without brown pigment (Figure 8p). Lateral eye larger than medial eye, with black pigment and about 18 ommatidia (Figure 8p,q).

Upper Lip (Figure 8r): Lip similar to that of adult male except for posterior edge of serrate process dorsal to teeth being straighter than on adult male.

Genitalia: Rounded spermatophore on each side of body anterior to base of furca.

Posterior of Body: Bare, evenly rounded or slightly undulate dorsal to end of girdle.

Y-Sclerite: Dorsal and ventral branches forming right angle.

Number of Eggs: Specimens in collection contained large fragments of calcium carbonate inside the carapace that were removed by treatment with nitric acid. During cleaning process, eggs escaped from valves of ovigerous females so that exact count was not possible. AM P45367 (holotype) with 5 eggs remaining in carapace; length of typical egg 0.32 mm.

COMPARISONS.—The new species, C. pix, differs from C. asymmetrica in having the second furcal claw disarticulated, and it differs from C. rumex in having numerous distinct fossae on the outer surface of the carapace, in having five rather than seven rows of processes on the unpaired anterior part of the upper lip, and in having six rather than five claws on each lamella of the furca. The carapace of C. pix differs from that of C. wyvillethomsoni in not having a large process at midlength and midheight and differs from that of C. inermis in having a lunate process on the anteroventral margin of the right valve. The upper lip of C. pix differs from that of C. plax in having five rather than four rows of processes on the unpaired anterior part of the upper lip.

Sheina Harding, 1966

TYPE SPECIES.—Sheina orri Harding, 1966, by monotypy.

COMPOSITION.—Known only from the type species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the gills of fishes captured in the vicinity of Heron Island, Queensland, Australia.