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Trophic Strategy

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Likely inhabits littoral to benthic zones over shell, sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 59365).
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analspines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 6 - 8; Vertebrae: 34
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Diagnostic Description

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Body is compressed laterally, with a convex predorsal profile, interrupted by a ridge formed by dorsal rim of eye; head somewhat depressed (Ref. 59365). Eye dorsolateral, ovoid, its diameter 64.2-81.0 % of snout length (Ref. 59365). Mandibular teeth 17-26, short and unicuspid, arranged in a single transverse row (Ref. 59365). Maxillary barbel without basal membrane, lacking branches or crenelations, and extending at least to base of pectoral fin; lateral mandibular barbel extending to point just short of anterior margin of pectoral girdle, with 4-5 non-tuberculate branches, lacking secondary branches; medial mandibular barbel 1/2 to 2/3 length of lateral barbel, with 4-5 pairs non-tuberculate branches, lacking secondary branches (Ref. 59365). Dorsal fin spine long, striated, nearly straight, terminating in short, white filament; anterior margin of fin spine with 0-3 small serrations distally; posterior margin with small serrations distally (Ref. 59365). Pectoral fin spine roughly equal in length to dorsal fin spine, striated, slightly curved, terminating in short, white filament; anterior spine margin with many small, antrorse serrations; posterior margin with large, retrorse serrations along entire length (Ref. 59365). Adipose fin short, poorly developed, margin convex (Ref. 59365). Body with large spots, fin spines brown to black (Ref. 59365).
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Biology

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Likely inhabits littoral to benthic zones over shell, sand and mud bottoms; no detailed information on diet exists, but species is likely to feed on small gastropods, as do other Synodontis species in Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 59365).
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Importance

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Synodontis grandiops ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Synodontis grandiops és una espècie de peix de la família dels mochòkids i de l'ordre dels siluriformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 11,1 cm de llargària total.[4]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àfrica: llac Tanganyika.[4]

Referències

  1. uBio (anglès)
  2. Cuvier, G. 1816. Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Edition 1. Règne Animal (ed. 1) v. 2. i-xviii + 1-532.
  3. BioLib (anglès)
  4. 4,0 4,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Burgess, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City (Estats Units). 784 p.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (Estats Units). iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Ferraris, Carl J.: Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418. 8 de març del 2007. ISBN 978-1-86977-058-7. PDF (anglès)
  • Gosse, J.-P., 1986. Mochokidae. p. 105-152. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussel·les, MRAC, Tervuren; i ORSTOM, París. Vol. 2.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.
  • Paugy, D. i T.R. Roberts, 1992. Mochokidae. p. 500-563. A C. Levêque, D. Paugy, i G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Vol. 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale núm. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Bèlgica i O.R.S.T.O.M., París, França.
  • Paugy, D. i T.R. Roberts, 2003. Mochokidae, p. 195-268 a C. Lévêque, D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, vol. 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Flandes, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, París, França i Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, París, França. 815 p.
  • Vigliotta, T.R., 2008. A phylogenetic study of the African catfish family Mochokidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a key to genera. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 157(1): 73-136.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
  • Wright, J.J. & L.M. Page. 2006. Taxonomic revision of Lake Taganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4):99-154.


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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Synodontis grandiops és una espècie de peix de la família dels mochòkids i de l'ordre dels siluriformes.

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Synodontis grandiops ( German )

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Synodontis grandiops, im Deutschen auch Großaugen-Kuckucks-Fiederbartwels genannt, gehört zur Unterfamilie der Fiederbartwelse (Mochokinae) der Familie Mochokidae.

Nach dem nah verwandten Synodontis multipunctatus (Vielgepunkteter Kuckucks-Fiederbartwels) ist es die zweite Fischart, bei der Brutparasitismus beobachtet worden ist. Zeitlich gesehen ist es sogar der erste Wels, bei dem dieses besondere Fortpflanzungsverhalten festgestellt worden ist, aber er wurde bis zu seiner späten wissenschaftlichen Beschreibung[1] nicht als eigenständiges Taxon erkannt, sondern mit der Art S. multipunctatus "in einen Topf geworfen". Der Brutparasitismus selbst wurde erstmals von Hobby-Aquarianern beobachtet[2], allerdings kam es dabei zu mehreren Falschidentifikationen der Art (sie wurde zunächst als S. petricola und kurz danach als S. njassae bezeichnet, zwei Fiederbartwelse, die keinen Brutparasitismus betreiben!). Für den Laien sind die Unterschiede zwischen diesen Arten nicht unbedingt leicht zu erkennen, da sie sich in wesentlichen Merkmalen ähneln. Selbst Fachleuten fällt es mitunter schwer, die beiden Kuckucks-Fiederbartwelsarten eindeutig zu erkennen.

Merkmale

Mit 15 Zentimetern Gesamtlänge bleibt S. grandiops deutlich kleiner als S. multipunctatus, der bis zu 28 Zentimeter lang werden kann. Wie der Name sagt, hat S. grandiops große Augen (grandiops, eine Kombination aus dem lateinischen grandis für groß und dem griechischen ops, das Auge bedeutet), größere als S. multipunctatus. Weiterhin haben z. B. die Brustflossen bei S. grandiops sieben geteilte Flossenstrahlen (im Gegensatz zu acht bei S. multipunctatus). Obwohl inzwischen die Unterschiede der beiden Arten bekannt sind, werden sie im Zierfischhandel nach wie vor nicht unterschieden. Die meisten Welse, die als S. multipunctatus bezeichnet werden, sind in Wirklichkeit Synodontis grandiops.

Flossenformel: Dorsale II/7, Anale III–IV/6–8, Pectorale I/7.

Vorkommen

Bisher wurde S. grandiops ausschließlich im Tanganjikasee gefunden. Er ist dort weit verbreitet und bewohnt die bodennahen Zonen des Küstenbereichs. Dabei kann es sich um Sand- oder Schlammböden oder auch um Gebiete mit leeren Schneckenhäusern handeln.

Fortpflanzungsbiologie

Die Kuckucks-Fiederbartwelse sind unter den Fischen die einzigen bekannten Brutparasiten und nutzen maulbrütende Buntbarsche als Wirte. Die jungen Welse schlüpfen eher als die Buntbarschjungen aus den Eiern und nutzen deren Eier und Larven als erste Nahrung. Es kommt aber auch vor, dass sie sich als Larven gegenseitig im Maul des Wirtes auffressen, so dass schließlich nur noch ein Jungtier übrig bleibt. Von anderen Fiederbartwelsarten ist bereits beobachtet worden, dass sie während des Laichgeschäfts von Maulbrütern deren Eier fressen. Die Kuckucks-Fiederbartwelse fressen ebenfalls einen Teil der Maulbrütereier, legen ihre eigenen aber dazu. Diese werden dann anstelle oder zusammen mit den Maulbrütereiern vom Maulbrüterweibchen aufgenommen.

Zuchthinweise

Es könnte sein, dass manche Buntbarscharten aus dem Tanganjikasee bereits während der Evolution gelernt haben, dass die Kuckuckswelse eine Gefahr für ihre Brut darstellen. Besonders Tropheus-Arten reagieren äußerst aggressiv auf die Welse, wenn diese versuchen, das Laichgeschäft zu stören. Mit anderen Maulbrütern, z. B. Malawi- oder Victoriaseecichliden, können die Tiere im Aquarium hingegen gut vermehrt werden. Diese Buntbarsche vertreiben die Welse etwas weniger vehement. Es gelingt aber auch mit Tanganjikasee-Buntbarschen wie etwa Haplochromis horei.

Quellen

  • Schraml, E. (2003): Fiederbartwelse aus dem Tanganjikasee. DATZ, 56 (8): 60–65.
  1. Wright, J. J. & L. M. Page (2006): Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 46 (4): 99–154.
  2. Blank, J. (1981): Eine überraschende Erfahrung mit Synodontis petricola. DATZ, 34 (2): 44–46.

Weblinks

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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary ( German )

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Synodontis grandiops, im Deutschen auch Großaugen-Kuckucks-Fiederbartwels genannt, gehört zur Unterfamilie der Fiederbartwelse (Mochokinae) der Familie Mochokidae.

Nach dem nah verwandten Synodontis multipunctatus (Vielgepunkteter Kuckucks-Fiederbartwels) ist es die zweite Fischart, bei der Brutparasitismus beobachtet worden ist. Zeitlich gesehen ist es sogar der erste Wels, bei dem dieses besondere Fortpflanzungsverhalten festgestellt worden ist, aber er wurde bis zu seiner späten wissenschaftlichen Beschreibung nicht als eigenständiges Taxon erkannt, sondern mit der Art S. multipunctatus "in einen Topf geworfen". Der Brutparasitismus selbst wurde erstmals von Hobby-Aquarianern beobachtet, allerdings kam es dabei zu mehreren Falschidentifikationen der Art (sie wurde zunächst als S. petricola und kurz danach als S. njassae bezeichnet, zwei Fiederbartwelse, die keinen Brutparasitismus betreiben!). Für den Laien sind die Unterschiede zwischen diesen Arten nicht unbedingt leicht zu erkennen, da sie sich in wesentlichen Merkmalen ähneln. Selbst Fachleuten fällt es mitunter schwer, die beiden Kuckucks-Fiederbartwelsarten eindeutig zu erkennen.

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Synodontis grandiops

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Synodontis grandiops is a species of upside-down catfish endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Tanzania, where it is only known from Lake Tanganyika.[1][2] It was first described by Jeremy John Wright and Lawrence M. Page in 2006, from specimens collected at multiple points along the shore of Lake Tanganyika.[1] The species name is a Latinized combination of the Latin "grandi", meaning large or big, and the Greek "ops", meaning eye, a reference to the relatively large eyes of this fish.[2]

Description

Like all members of the genus Synodontis, S. grandiops has a strong, bony head capsule that extends back as far as the first spine of the dorsal fin.[3] The head is about 310 of the standard length of the fish.[1] The head contains a distinct narrow, bony external protrusion called a humeral process.[4] The shape and size of the humeral process help to identify the species. In S. grandiops, the humeral process is narrow, long, and rough in appearance, and contains a distinct ridge on the bottom surface.[1] The top edge is convex and it ends in a sharp point.[1] It is almost 610 of the length of the head.[1] The eyes are large, about 310 of the length of the head.[1]

The fish has three pairs of barbels. The maxillary barbels are located on the upper jaw, and two pairs of mandibular barbels are on the lower jaw. The maxillary barbel does not have a membrane near the base and is straight without any branches.[1] It extends at least as far as the base of the pectoral fin, most of the length of the head.[1] The outer pair of mandibular barbels extends just short of the pectoral girdle, about 12 of the length of the head,[1] and contains four to five branches without secondary branches.[1] The inner pair of mandibular barbels is about 12 to 23 as long as the outer pair, about 14 to 13 of the length of the head,[1] with four to five pairs of branches without secondary branches.[1]

The skin of S. grandiops has a large number of tiny vertical skin folds. The exact purpose of the skin folds is not known, but is a characteristic of the species of Syndontis that are endemic to Lake Tanganyika.[1] External granular papilla are not present.[1]

The front edges of the dorsal fins and the pectoral fins of Syntontis species are hardened into stiff spines.[4] In S. grandiops, the spine of the dorsal fin is long, about 710 as long as the head,[1] is almost completely straight, contains up to three small serrations on the front and many small serrations on the back, and ends with short, white filaments.[1] The remaining portion of the dorsal fin is made up of seven branching rays.[1] The spine of the pectoral fin is slightly curved, roughly as long as the dorsal fin spine, with large serrations on both sides.[1] The pectoral spine ends in short, white filaments.[1] The other pectoral fins are made up of eight branching rays.[1] The adipose fin is short, does not contain any rays, and has a convex shape.[1] The pelvic fin contains one unbranched and six branched rays.[1] The pelvic fin is vertically aligned in front of the adipose fin.[1] The anal fin contains three to four unbranched and six to eight branched rays; it is vertically aligned with the adipose fin.[1] The tail, or caudal fin, is forked, with pointed lobes, and contains seven rays on the upper lobe, eight rays on the lower lobe.[1]

The mouth of the fish faces downward and has wide lips that contain papilla.[1] All members of Syndontis have a structure called a premaxillary toothpad, which is located on the very front of the upper jaw of the mouth. This structure contains several rows of short, chisel-shaped teeth. In some species, this toothpad is made up of a large patch with several rows in a large cluster. In other species of Syndontis, this toothpad is clearly divided into two separate groups, separated by a thin band of skin that divides the toothpad.[1] This character is used as a method of differentiating between to different but similar species of Syndontis.[1] In S. grandiops, the toothpad is uninterrupted, or continuous without a break.[1] On the lower jaw, or mandible, the teeth of Syndontis are attached to flexible, stalk-like structures and described as "s-shaped" or "hooked".[4][3] The number of teeth on the mandible is used to differentiate between species; in S. grandiops, there are 17-26 teeth on the mandible, arranged in a single row.[1]

Some of the species of Synodontis have an opening or series of openings called the axillary pore. It is located on the side of the body below the humeral process and before the pectoral fin spine. The exact function of the port is not known to scientists, although its presence has been observed in seven other catfish genera. Fish in the genus Acrochordonichthys have been observed to secrete a mucus with toxic properties from their axillary pore, but there is no scientific consensus as to the exact purpose of the secretion or the pore.[1] S. grandiops has a large, dark-colored axillary pore just below the humeral process.[1]

S. grandiops shares the characteristic of most of the Synodontis species of Lake Tanganyika by having a recognizable pattern consisting of dark triangles at the bases of all of the rayed fins, except the anal and pelvic fins which are white, and dark spots on the body that may or may not extend to the belly.[1] The body ranges from light brown to beige, becoming darker on the head and back.[4] The barbels are white, the dorsal and pectoral fin spines are brown to black.[1]

The maximum standard length of known specimens is 11 centimetres (4.3 in) and a total length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in).[1][2] In general in Synodontis species, females tend to be slightly larger than males of the same age.[5]

Habitat and behavior

In the wild, the species is endemic to Lake Tanganyika, which has a temperature range of 23 to 26 °C (73 to 79 °F), and an approximate pH of 8.5 – 9, and a dH range of 4-15.[6] Synodontis species in the lake tend to inhabit mainly the rocky shoreline areas, as well as sandy and shell-covered bottom areas.[1] The reproductive habits of most of the species of Synodontis are not known, beyond some instances of obtaining egg counts from gravid females.[1] Spawning likely occurs during the flooding season between July and October, and pairs swim in unison during spawning.[7] As a whole, species of Synodontis are omnivores, consuming insect larvae, algae, gastropods, bivalves, sponges, crustaceans, and the eggs of other fishes.[1] The growth rate is rapid in the first year, then slows down as the fish age.[5]They practice brood parasitism.They lives among rock piles frequented by various species of mauna: small African cichlids. Courtship behaviour culminates with the female sucking sperm from the male's cloaca. She brings the sperm through her digestive tract to her cloaca, where her eggs meet the sperm.They then rushes into the nest of a cichlid,devours the eggs of cichlids,and deposits their own.The cichlids then raise the catfish as their own.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Wright, J.J. and L.M. Page (2006). "Taxonomic Revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae)". Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46 (4): 99–154.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2016). "Synodontis grandiops" in FishBase. June 2016 version.
  3. ^ a b Cuvier, Georges. (1934). The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, Volume 10. Translated by Griffith, Edward. London: Whittaker and Co. p. 406.
  4. ^ a b c d "Synodontis grandiops Wright, J.J. and L.M. Page., 2006". Planet Catfish. 18 Nov 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  5. ^ a b H. M. Bishai & Y. B. Abu Gideiri (1965). "Studies on the biology of genus Synodontis at Khartoum". Hydrobiologia. 26 (1–2): 85–97. doi:10.1007/BF00142257.
  6. ^ Smith, F. (2001). "A preliminary investigation of some chemical and physical profiles of Lake Tanganyika" (PDF). Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  7. ^ John P. Friel & Thomas R. Vigliotta (March 2, 2009). "Mochokidae Jordan 1923: African squeaker and suckermouth catfishes". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 19 October 2016.

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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary

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Synodontis grandiops is a species of upside-down catfish endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Tanzania, where it is only known from Lake Tanganyika. It was first described by Jeremy John Wright and Lawrence M. Page in 2006, from specimens collected at multiple points along the shore of Lake Tanganyika. The species name is a Latinized combination of the Latin "grandi", meaning large or big, and the Greek "ops", meaning eye, a reference to the relatively large eyes of this fish.

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Synodontis grandiops ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Synodontis grandiops es una especie de peces de la familia Mochokidae en el orden de los Siluriformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 11,1 cm de longitud total.[1]

Hábitat

Es un pez de agua dulce.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en África: lago Tanganika.

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Synodontis grandiops es una especie de peces de la familia Mochokidae en el orden de los Siluriformes.

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Synodontis grandiops ( Basque )

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Synodontis grandiops Synodontis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Mochokidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Synodontis grandiops FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Synodontis grandiops Synodontis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Mochokidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Synodontis grandiops ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Synodontis grandiops is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de baardmeervallen (Mochokidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2006 door Wright & Page.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Synodontis grandiops. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 02 2013 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2013.
Geplaatst op:
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Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Synodontis grandiops ( Swedish )

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Synodontis grandiops är en afrikansk fiskart i ordningen malartade fiskar som förekommer i Burundi, Kongo-Kinshasa och Tanzania.[1] Den är främst nattaktiv och kan bli upp till 11,1 cm lång.[2]

Referenser

  1. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2013). ”Countries where Synodontis grandiops is found” (på engelska). FishBase. FishBase Consortium. http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountryList.php?ID=63545&GenusName=Synodontis&SpeciesName=grandiops. Läst 2 mars 2013.
  2. ^ Wright, J.J.; Page, L.M. (1986). Synodontis grandiops Wright & Page, 2006” (på engelska). FishBase. FishBase Consortium. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Synodontis-grandiops.html. Läst 2 mars 2013.

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Silurus costatus now in Platydoras sketch of Gronow 1754.jpg Denna artikel om malartade fiskar saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Synodontis grandiops: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Synodontis grandiops är en afrikansk fiskart i ordningen malartade fiskar som förekommer i Burundi, Kongo-Kinshasa och Tanzania. Den är främst nattaktiv och kan bli upp till 11,1 cm lång.

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巨目歧鬚鮠 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Synodontis grandiops
Wright & Page, 2006

巨目歧鬚鮠,為輻鰭魚綱鯰形目倒立鯰科的其中一,為熱帶淡水魚,分布於非洲坦干伊喀湖流域,體長可達11.1公分,棲息在砂泥底質底中層水域,生活習性不明。

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巨目歧鬚鮠: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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巨目歧鬚鮠,為輻鰭魚綱鯰形目倒立鯰科的其中一,為熱帶淡水魚,分布於非洲坦干伊喀湖流域,體長可達11.1公分,棲息在砂泥底質底中層水域,生活習性不明。

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