dcsimg

Trophic Strategy

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The majority of Pharomachrus auriceps's diet consists of pulpy fruits and berries, but they will also eat insects, including smooth-skinned caterpillars, beetles, and locusts. They occasionally will eat small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards. Golden-headed quetzals in captivity at the Houston Zoo were observed eating chopped baby mice, mealworms, and dog chow when they were offered, although they preferred fruit.

Animal Foods: amphibians; reptiles; insects

Plant Foods: fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Associations

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There is no specific information for the ecosystem roles of Pharomachrus auriceps. However, birds with frugivorous diets are often important seed dispersers.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Benefits

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Quetzals were renowned as mythical creatures by the Aztecs, who associated them with the avian god Quetzalcoatyl. Today, quetzals such as P. auriceps are important for ecotourism in developing nations, drawing birdwatchers from all over the globe who hope to get a glimpse of their legendary beauty.

Positive Impacts: ecotourism

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Benefits

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There are no known adverse affects of P. auriceps on humans.

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Conservation Status

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Although P. auriceps are currently of least concern, their rainforest habitat is being destroyed by deforestation in South America.

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Behavior

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Pharomachrus auriceps is usually quiet, but sometimes communicates with “giggling” vocalizations or horse-like whinnies. Its typical call is a melancholy, hawk-like whistle which sounds like “we-wheeoo, we-wheeoo”. Like all birds, Pharomachrus auriceps perceives its environment through visual, auditory, tactile, and chemical stimuli.

Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic

Other Communication Modes: duets ; choruses

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Associations

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Like other quetzals, Pharomachrus auriceps flies to escape danger, and its iridescent green color provides camouflage in its verdant habitat.

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Morphology

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Pharomachrus auriceps are recognized for their bright iridescent green body and wings, like other members of the genus Pharomachrus. They weigh between 154 and 182 g with a wingspan of 30 to 36 cm. Their remiges are darker metallic green, and the retrices of the tail are black, occasionally with white tips. The tail is covered by dark green feathers, which are slightly longer in the males. Tail length ranges from 155 to 177 mm in males and 157 to 172 mm in females. The breast and belly of both sexes are covered with brilliant red feathers. The male has a coppery-green colored head and throat, while the female’s head plumage is a duller golden-brown color. The males are distinguishable from other quetzal species because they lack a crest of head feathers. They have short, broad bills that are yellow in the males and a darker brown color in the females. Unlike many of the trogons, the maxilla of their beaks do not have serrated edges.

Both males and females have dark olive green or brownish legs and feet. Like other trogons, they have heterodactyl feet, with the first and second toes facing backwards and the third and fourth toes facing forward. When immature, both sexes are dark brown or black, with a few iridescent green feathers starting to grow. Younger golden-headed quetzals lack the ornamental wing and tail coverts of the adult birds.

Range mass: 154 to 182 g.

Range wingspan: 30.8 to 35.9 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; male more colorful

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Life Expectancy

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Due to the golden-headed quetzal’s elusive nature, little is known about its lifespan. The Houston Zoo is the only zoo with P. auriceps in captivity, but there is no information regarding its lifespan.

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Habitat

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Pharomachrus auriceps lives in moist mountainous forest areas ranging from 1,000 to 3,300 m elevation. They seek out rotted, standing trees to excavate nest cavities. They prefer areas of dense vegetation to conceal the nesting cavity as well as themselves.

Range elevation: 1,000 to 3,300 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Longardner, K. 2011. "Pharomachrus auriceps" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pharomachrus_auriceps.html
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Distribution

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Pharomachrus auriceps, also known as golden-headed quetzals, inhabits regions of Central and South America spanning from the Darién province of Panama to Northern Bolivia.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Reproduction

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Pharomachrus auriceps lives in seasonal monogamous pairs and males attract potential mates by singing.

Mating System: monogamous

Pharomachrus auriceps nest in unlined tree cavities, excavated by the adults. Females lay 1 or 2 blue eggs once yearly between February and June. Incubation lasts for 18 to 20 days, and chicks fledge 25 to 30 days after hatching. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at 2 years old.

Breeding interval: Golden-headed quetzals breed once a year.

Breeding season: Golden-headed quetzals breed between the months of February and June.

Range eggs per season: 1 to 2.

Average eggs per season: 2.

Range time to hatching: 18 to 20 days.

Range fledging age: 24 to 30 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

The parents often carve a hole with their beaks into a rotting tree trunk to form a nest cavity. If there is already a hollow spot in an old tree, they will modify it to make their nest. Both males and females alternate brooding. During the first week, the male spends more time brooding but after the initial seven days the female broods more frequently. During the initial week after the eggs hatch, the parents collectively spend 70 to 84 percent of the day brooding. However, after about two weeks, the parents spend less than 20 percent of their day at the nest. This decrease in brooding time likely corresponds to the initial altricial state of chicks, which slowly develop enough feathers to insulate themselves. Adults clean the nest by carrying away excrement and regurgitated food matter. Both parents bring insects and fruit to the nest to feed the young.

Parental Investment: altricial ; male parental care ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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El Quetzal (Pharamachrus mocinno) ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Es un ave que muy pocos han tenido el privilegio de admirar en todo su esplendor.

El quetzal (Pharamachrus mocinno), ave de vistoso plumaje, la cola esta formada por largas plumas color verde y azules iridiscentes, con un largo de hasta 1 metro en el macho. Para los aztecas y los mayas sìmbolo de luz y vida.

Las largas plumas de la cola fueron utilizadas en los tocados de la realeza maya. Se dice que en 1525, cuando los conquistadores bajo el mando de Don Pedro de Alvarado atacaron la ciudad de Xela-hu (actualmente Quetzaltenango). Los guerreros descendientes de los mayas fueron masacrados y quetzales salieron volando de los bosques, y con sus alas abiertas se posaron sobre los cadàveres, en donde permanecieron toda la noche.

Al llegar la mañana, remontaron el vuelo manchados con la sangre de los guerreros caidos. La leyenda dice que desde entonces, los quetzales tienen el pecho rojo.

El quetzal se encuentra en peligro de extinciòn, por la desctrucciòn de su hàbitat y por el tràfico ilegal. El Biotopo del Quetzal es el lugar para su preservaciòn, este queda cerca de la carretera que conduce a Cobàn, en Alta Verapaz.
El quetzal guatemalteco2 (Pharomachrus mocinno), también conocido como quetzal mesoamericano o quetzal, es una especie de ave de la familia de los trogones (Trogonidae). Su área de distribución geográfica incluye América Central y el sur de México donde habita los bosques nubosos no perturbados. Se distinguen dos subespecies recononidas.

El queztal guatemalteco se distribuye desde el sur de México hasta el oeste de panamá, incluyendo Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Costa Rica.1 En su área de distribución vive unicamente en bosques nubosos montanos entre 1000 y 3000 msnm.1

El quetzal guatemalteco es un ave de mediano tamaño de 36 - 40 cm de largo. El macho tiene además una cola serpentina de hasta 65 cm de largo. Tiene un peso de aproximadamente 210 g. Es el mayor representante del orden de los trogoniformes.3 La subespecie P. m. costaricensis es ligeramente menor que la especie nominal y tiene plumas de cola algo mas finos y cortas.
El plumaje del cuerpo es de color verde iridiscente con reflejos que varían de oro hasta azul-violeta, con el pecho y vientre de color rojo carmesí intenso. Las plumas cobertoras superiores de la cola son verdes y muy largas, escondiendo la cola, y en los machos en la temporada de cría son más largas que el resto del cuerpo. Las coberteras primarias de las alas también son inusualmente largas y dan una apariencia de flecos. El macho tiene una cresta erizada en la cabeza, que consiste de plumas erectas y comprimidas unas con otras. El pico, que está parcialmente cubierto de plumas filamentosas verdes, es de color amarillo en los machos adultos y de color negro en las hembras. Sus patas son de color oscuro y muy cortas, tienen los primeros dos dedos hacia atrás y los otros dos hacia delante lo que hace las clasifica como verdaderos perchadores.
Los colores de la hembra son más modestos que el macho y sus plumas están manchadas de color oscuro, con el pecho rojo. También tiene una cola mucho más corta que la del macho. Su cabeza es de color café pardo, el pico es negro y en vez de amarillo.
Los pichones tienen uñas vestigiales en la articulación del ala, como el Archaeopteryx, que pierden cuando maduran

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Pharomachrus auriceps ( Asturian )

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Pharomachrus auriceps ye una especie d'ave de la familia de los trogones (Trogonidae), autóctona de gran parte de Suramérica y Panamá.

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Pharomachrus auriceps: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Pharomachrus auriceps

Pharomachrus auriceps ye una especie d'ave de la familia de los trogones (Trogonidae), autóctona de gran parte de Suramérica y Panamá.

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Pharomachrus auriceps ( Azerbaijani )

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Pharomachrus auriceps (lat. Pharomachrus auriceps) - pharomachrus cinsinə aid quş növü.

Mənbə

Xarici keçidlər

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Pharomachrus auriceps: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

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Pharomachrus auriceps (lat. Pharomachrus auriceps) - pharomachrus cinsinə aid quş növü.

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Ketzal penn aour ( Breton )

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Ar C'hetzal penn aour (liester: Ketzaled penn aour)[1], Pharomachrus auriceps eus e anv skiantel, a zo ur c'hetzal hag a vev e koadegi an Andoù.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Annez

Bevañ a ra al labous en Andoù[2].

Rummatadur


Commons
Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

Wikispecies-logo.svg
War Wikispecies e vo kavet ditouroù ouzhpenn diwar-benn:

Notennoù ha daveoù

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Ketzal penn aour: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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Ar C'hetzal penn aour (liester: Ketzaled penn aour), Pharomachrus auriceps eus e anv skiantel, a zo ur c'hetzal hag a vev e koadegi an Andoù.

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Quetzal capdaurat ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El quetzal capdaurat (Pharomachrus auriceps) és un ocell de la família dels trogònids (Trogonidae). Habita la selva humida de les muntanyes de l'est de Panamà, Colòmbia, oest de Veneçuela, Equador, Perú i Bolívia.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Quetzal capdaurat Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Quetzal capdaurat: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El quetzal capdaurat (Pharomachrus auriceps) és un ocell de la família dels trogònids (Trogonidae). Habita la selva humida de les muntanyes de l'est de Panamà, Colòmbia, oest de Veneçuela, Equador, Perú i Bolívia.

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Cwetsal eurben ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwetsal eurben (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwetsalod eurben) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pharomachrus auriceps; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Golden-headed quetzal. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Trogoniaid (Lladin: Trogonidae) sydd yn urdd y Trogoniformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. auriceps, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r cwetsal eurben yn perthyn i deulu'r Trogoniaid (Lladin: Trogonidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Cwetsal cribog Pharomachrus antisianus Cwetsal cynffonfrith Pharomachrus fulgidus
A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons (40570576671).jpg
Cwetsal eurben Pharomachrus auriceps
Golden-headed Quetzal.jpg
Cwetsal y Dwyrain Pharomachrus pavoninus
Pharomachrus pavoninus 1838.jpg
Cwetsal y Gogledd Pharomachrus mocinno
Quetzal01.jpg
Trogon cain Trogon elegans
Elegant Trogon.jpg
Trogon clustiog Euptilotis neoxenus
Eared Quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus).jpg
Trogon cynffonresog Apaloderma vittatum
Apaloderma vittatum1.jpg
Trogon Narina Apaloderma narina
Narina Trogon (Apaloderma narina) (1).jpg
Trogon pengoch Harpactes erythrocephalus
Harpactes erythrocephalus - Khao Yai.jpg
Trogon penlas Trogon curucui
Blue-crowned Trogon.JPG
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Cwetsal eurben: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwetsal eurben (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwetsalod eurben) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pharomachrus auriceps; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Golden-headed quetzal. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Trogoniaid (Lladin: Trogonidae) sydd yn urdd y Trogoniformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. auriceps, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

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Goldkopftrogon ( German )

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Der Goldkopftrogon (Pharomachrus auriceps) zählt innerhalb der Familie der Trogone (Trogonidae) zur Gattung der Pharomachrus.[1]

Der Vogel kommt von Panama südlich bis Bolivien vor.

Das Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst feuchten gemäßigten Wald und Waldränder an Bergausläufern, seltener Nebelwald von 1100 bis 2800 m Höhe.[2][3]

Der lateinische Artzusatz kommt von lateinisch aurum ‚Gold‘ und lateinisch -ceps ‚gekrönt‘.[4]

Merkmale

Der Vogel ist 33 bis 36 cm groß, hinzu kommen die Schwanzfedern des Männchens mit bis zu 10 cm. Das Männchen hat einen gelben Schnabel, einen namensgebenden gold-bronzefarbenen Kopf, Oberseite und Brust sind metallisch-schimmernd gold-grün, die Unterbrust bis Bürzel rot, die Schwanzunterseite ist schwarz. Die Oberschwanzdecken überragen die Schwanzspitze.

Die Abgrenzung zum Pfauentrogon (Pharomachrus pavoninus) gelingt am besten durch die Färbung von Schnabel und Kopf. Vom sehr ähnlichen Kammtrogon (Pharomachrus antisianus) unterscheidet er sich durch das Schwarz an der Schwanzunterseite und den stirnseits fehlenden Kamm.

Das Weibchen ist an Kopf und Brust bräunlich oder grau, die Schwanzdecken sind kürzer, die Schwanzunterseite hat kleine grau-weiße Spitzen. Im Gegensatz zum Kammtrogon sind keine Schwanzbinden auf der Unterseite zu sehen.

Jungvögel haben helle Ränder an den Armschwingen und blasse Spitzen an den äußeren kurzen Schwanzfedern.[3]

Geografische Variation

Es werden folgende Unterarten anerkannt:[3][5]

Stimme

Der Ruf des Männchens wird als melodisches, weithin hörbares, greifvogelartiges und 6 bis 8 mal wiederholtes “whe-wheeu, whe-wheuu, whe-wheeu...”, wieherndes “why-dy-dy-dy-dyyrrr”, “hoo-whoooooy” und klagendes, and plaintive“ka-kaaaur” oder als eulenartiges „ho-ooo, ho-ooo“ beschrieben.[6][3]

Lebensweise

Der Vogel ist auf Baumwipfeln bis mittlere Baumhöhe anzutreffen, frühmorgens auch im hügeligen Freien. Die Nahrung besteht hauptsächlich aus Früchten und gelegentlich Insekten. Außerhalb der Brutsaison ist der Vogel einzelgängerisch und still. Das Nest wird in einem alten Baum angelegt, das Brutgeschäft und die Fütterung teilen sich beide Elternvögel. Nach etwa 25 bis 30 Tagen ist die Brut flügge.[3]

Gefährdungssituation

Der Bestand gilt als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern).[7]

Literatur

  • J. Gold: Trogon (Calurus) auriceps. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, 1842, S. 238, Biodiversity Library

Einzelnachweise

  1. Goldkopftrogon, in Avibase – Die Weltvogel-Datenbank. Abgerufen am 9. Juni 2020.
  2. M. McMullan: Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia Rey Naranjo Editores, 2018, ISBN 978-958-8969-77-0
  3. a b c d e N. Collar. and A. Bonan: Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps), version 1.0. In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana (Hrsg.): Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA 2020. [1]
  4. J. A. Jobling: A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Oxford University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-19-854634-3.
  5. IOC World Bird List Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills
  6. Steven L. Hilty, William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton, New Jersey 1986, ISBN 0-691-08372-X.
  7. Redlist Abgerufen am 9. Juni 2020.
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Goldkopftrogon: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Goldkopftrogon (Pharomachrus auriceps) zählt innerhalb der Familie der Trogone (Trogonidae) zur Gattung der Pharomachrus.

Der Vogel kommt von Panama südlich bis Bolivien vor.

Das Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst feuchten gemäßigten Wald und Waldränder an Bergausläufern, seltener Nebelwald von 1100 bis 2800 m Höhe.

Der lateinische Artzusatz kommt von lateinisch aurum ‚Gold‘ und lateinisch -ceps ‚gekrönt‘.

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Golden-headed quetzal

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The golden-headed quetzal or corequenque (Pharomachrus auriceps) is a strikingly coloured bird in the genus Pharomachrus; it is also referred to as Trogon auriceps. It is found in moist mid-elevation forests from eastern Panama to northern Bolivia.

The golden-headed quetzal is known for its iridescent green colour, which it shares with other quetzals, and its distinctive golden head. The female of the species is less brightly coloured, displaying more brown tones than the male. The golden-headed quetzal's diet consists mainly of fruit, and occasionally insects. It is generally a solitary and quiet bird unless it is breeding season, when the male and female become a monogamous pair and create a cavity nest in an old tree. During breeding season both sexes share brooding and feeding duties for 25–30 days until the chick is ready to fledge. The golden-headed quetzal is fairly common and considered a species of least concern.

Taxonomy

The golden-headed quetzal, also known by the Spanish name pilco real,[1][2] was first described by John Gould in the 2nd edition of A Monograph of the Trogonidae or family of Trogons published in 1875.[3] It is one of five birds in the genus Pharomachrus, known as quetzals, and is included in the family Trogonidae, which is made up of birds found in tropical rainforests worldwide.[4]

The word quetzal comes from the Nahuatl (the Aztec language) word quetzalli (from the root quetz meaning "stand"), which translates to "long green plume" or "tail feather of the quetzal".[5] Quetzal is usually specifically used to refer to the resplendent quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) first described by Pablo de la Llave in 1832 but in reality it applies to all members of the genera Pharomachrus and Euptilotis.[6]

Pharomachrus, coined by Pablo de la Llave, stems from Ancient Greek pharos meaning "mantle" or "cloak" and makros meaning "long" in reference to the impressive tail of the resplendent quetzal.[7]

Two subspecies are recognized, P. a. auriceps (Gould, 1842) and P. a. hargitti (Oustalet, 1891).[8] The species name, auriceps, comes from Latin aurum meaning "gold" and ceps meaning "crowned" or "headed", in reference to the golden head of Pharomachrus auriceps.[9]

Description

Pharomachrus auriceps, Golden-headed Quetzal.jpg

The golden-headed quetzal weighs between 154-182g. It has a wingspan of 30–36 cm and a length of 33–36 cm with tail plumes adding another 8–10 cm. Like other members of the genus Pharomachrus, the golden-headed quetzal is known for its iridescent golden-green wings and breast, which can appear blue depending on the light. The female's breast is a duller brownish colour; her head is also a duller golden-brown when compared to the male's gold-bronze head, from which the species name is derived. Their bills are short and broad; they appear yellow in males and a brownish greyish in females. The quetzal's uppertail coverts are darker green and extend beyond the tip of the tail, more so in the male than in the female. Both the male and the female have a black undertail, though the female sometimes displays greyish-black tips. The feathers on the lower breast of both sexes are a brilliant red colour. Both sexes, like other trogons, also have heterodactyl feet, with the first and second toes facing backwards and the third and fourth toes facing forward. Their legs and feet are an olive green or a brownish colour. The young golden-headed quetzal is a brownish black colour with a few iridescent green feathers on the neck and breast, and lacking the tail coverts of the adult. The golden-headed male quetzal differs from other quetzals in its lack of a crest of head feathers.[4][10]

P. a. hargitti is distinguished from the nominate race by its longer tail and slightly more golden colour.[4]

Habitat and Distribution

Golden-headed quetzals inhabit areas of Central and South America. P. a. auriceps is found in eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre mountain) as well as in the Andes spanning from southern Colombia to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia. P. a. hargitti is only found in the Andes of Venezuela.[4]

Their natural habitat is most commonly humid and wet moderate-elevation montane and foothill forests although they have also been seen less frequently on the forest edge and in clearings as well as in temperate cloud forests and elfin forests. They reside at elevations ranging from 1200m to 3100m.[4]

Behaviour

Vocalizations

The golden-headed quetzal is a quiet bird, often sitting quietly motionless for long periods of time.[11][12] When it does vocalize, its far-carrying call is very distinctive, sounding like mournful, hawk-like whistles, repeated 6-8 times ("whe-wheeu, whe-wheuu, whe-wheeu…").[4][11] Its other calls are a horse-like whinnying ("why-dy-dy-dy-dyyrrr", "hoo-whoooooy") and a throaty melancholy "ka-kaaaur".[4]

All birds in the family Trogonidae appear to be very responsive to recordings of their calls, which could indicate that their vocalizations are a territorial behaviour.[4]

Diet

The golden-headed quetzal's diet consists mainly of fruit, though it has also been known to eat insects.[4][10] Remsen et al. (1993) found that the stomach contents of P. auriceps were "fruit only" 87.5% of the time and "arthropods and fruit" 12.5% of the time.[13] The quetzal's fruit-heavy diet makes it a very important species for the dispersal of the fruits’ seeds.[4]

It is also thought that, like other quetzals, the golden-headed quetzal feeds on small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards. However, this has been brought into question by Lohnes and Greeney (2008) who found the diet of P. auriceps was much less varied since they never observed it feeding on any animal matter other than insects while observing the species for 22 days. Their observations also confirmed that the formerly accepted idea that quetzals did not feed their hatchlings fruit until ten days after hatching was untrue.[14]

Reproduction

Golden-headed quetzals are usually solitary birds but, during breeding, they are seasonally monogamous. The male attracts the female by establishing a territory and advertising it by singing.[4][14]

Once a pair is formed they must find a suitable location for their nest and share the work of excavating it. All trogons are cavity-nesters; golden-headed quetzals specifically excavate decaying tree trunks with their beaks or modify existing hollow spots in old trees. Quetzals form shallow, more open, unlined cavities from which part of the bird (head or tail) is usually visible. It can be difficult for the quetzal to find an appropriate site for their nest since the dead tree must be soft enough for them to carve but not too rotten as to be unable to support their nest. For this reason quetzals investigate multiple trees before finding a suitable site.[4][14]

The copulatory behaviour of quetzals is not well known since they appear to be discreet in their mating.[4] The golden-headed quetzal has been observed breeding once a year between the months of February and June.[10] The female lays 1-2 pale blue eggs and then incubates them the majority of the time (18–19 days of incubation) except for one long daily incubation period undertaken by the male.[4][10]

Golden-headed quetzals remain in the nest for 25–30 days before fledging. They are born blind and naked, like all trogons, and it is at about 3 days before fledging that the nestling develops its final juvenile plumage appearing mostly brown and black but with visible green plumage, particularly on the nape, upper back, and throat.[4][14]

Brooding duties are shared equally between the male and female golden-headed quetzal. The first 8–14 days after hatching, adults are present in the nest and brooding 60-90% of each day, after which brooding drops rapidly. There appears to be no clear pattern to when the female or male broods, however, it was observed that the male consistently broods for longer near the start of the brooding period, while the female broods more near the end of that period. It is also believed that it is exclusively the female quetzal that broods at night.[4][14] Feeding duties are also shared equally between the sexes, with the non-brooding adult arriving with food before changing places with the brooding adult. When changing places, the adults seem to observe a ritual, with the incoming adult perching above the nest and emitting a whinnying call to signal the brooding adult to depart the nest. While brooding, the adults enter the nest to feed the nestling; when brooding ends, the adults initially continue to enter the nest but spend less time inside before leaving; at 8 days before fledging they simply lean in to feed the chick before departing; finally at 4–6 days before fledging the chick is able to perch on the lip of the nest and is fed from there before the adult departs. The food the adults bring to the nestling is usually insects, but also fruit. On the day of fledging the chick perches at the front of the nest and flies away, remaining near the nest for some time before leaving the area.[14] Unlike other trogons, but like other quetzals, the golden-headed quetzal seems to maintain a clean nest by either removing or more often swallowing all droppings.[4][14]

Status and Conservation

The golden-headed quetzal is fairly common in its range and is considered a species of least concern.[4][15]

References

  1. ^ Sclater, Philip Lutley (1859). "List of the first Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Zoological Society of London. XXVII: 144.
  2. ^ "Pilco o Quetzal Cabeza Dorada" (in Spanish). Parque Nacional de Perú. 2006. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  3. ^ Henry Sotheran Limited, fine books and prints [Internet]. Henry Sotheran Limited; [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from:http://www.sotherans.co.uk/Prints/gould/trogons_toucans.php
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Collar NJ. 2001. Order Trogoniformes. In: del Hoyo J, Elliot A, Sargatal J, editors. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol 6. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 80-127.
  5. ^ Bierhorst, J. 1985. A Nahuatl-English dictionary and concordance to the cantares mexicanos. California: Stanford University Press.
  6. ^ Quetzal. 1890. In: Encyclopædia Britannica a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. Chicago: R. S. Peale & Co. p. 179-180.
  7. ^ Gotch AF. 1981. Birds: their Latin names explained. Blanford Press.
  8. ^ Integrated taxonomic information system [Internet]. [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=554487#
  9. ^ Peru birds [Internet]. [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://www.peruaves.org/trogonidae/golden-headed-quetzal-pharomachrus-auriceps/
  10. ^ a b c d Johnsgard PA. 2000. Trogons and quetzals of the world. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.
  11. ^ a b Ridgely RS, Gwynne JA. 1989. A guide to the birds of Panama. Second edition. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
  12. ^ Hilty SL. 2003. Birds of Venezuela. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
  13. ^ Remsen JV, Hyde MA, Chapman A. 1993. The diets of neotropical trogons, motmots, barbets, and toucans. The Condor. 95(1): 178-192.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Lohnes RG, Greeney HF. 2008. Brooding behavior and nestling description of Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps. Cotinga. 30(2008): 47-50.
  15. ^ Pharomachrus auriceps. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [Internet]. BirdLife International; [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://iucnredlist.org/details/full/22682738/0

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Golden-headed quetzal: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The golden-headed quetzal or corequenque (Pharomachrus auriceps) is a strikingly coloured bird in the genus Pharomachrus; it is also referred to as Trogon auriceps. It is found in moist mid-elevation forests from eastern Panama to northern Bolivia.

The golden-headed quetzal is known for its iridescent green colour, which it shares with other quetzals, and its distinctive golden head. The female of the species is less brightly coloured, displaying more brown tones than the male. The golden-headed quetzal's diet consists mainly of fruit, and occasionally insects. It is generally a solitary and quiet bird unless it is breeding season, when the male and female become a monogamous pair and create a cavity nest in an old tree. During breeding season both sexes share brooding and feeding duties for 25–30 days until the chick is ready to fledge. The golden-headed quetzal is fairly common and considered a species of least concern.

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Orkapa kecalo ( Esperanto )

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La Orkapa kecalo (Pharomachrus auriceps) estas belkolora birdo indiĝena de Sudameriko kaj apartenanta al la familio de Trogonedoj.

Aspekto kaj kutimoj

 src=
La Orkapa kecalo deproksime.

Maskloj kaj inoj estas proksimume samgrandaj, ĝis 35cm longaj kaj 160g pezaj kiel plenkreskuloj. Masklaj plenkreskuloj estas brilverdaj kun orkolora nuanco ĉe kapo, nigraj flugiloj kaj brilruĝa ventro; inoj estas iome pli senkoloraj laŭŝajne. La bekoj estas flavaj. Ili estas solemaj, laŭ sezono monogamiaj birdoj kiuj kunzorgas la kovoperiodon de la du ovoj dum 18 tagoj kaj la manĝigado de la idaron dum zorgoperiodo de 25 ĝis 30 tagoj antaŭ elnestiĝo.

Habitato

La Orkapa kecalo loĝas el Panamo suden, tio estas en Kolombio, Venezuelo, Ekvadoro, Peruo kaj ĝis Bolivio. Ili loĝas humidajn, montetajn, arbarajn areojn kaj tipe nestumas en arbotruoj. La dieto konsistas ĉefe el fruktoj kaj insektoj, kun eventualaj etaj lacertoj.

Referencoj

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Orkapa kecalo: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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La Orkapa kecalo (Pharomachrus auriceps) estas belkolora birdo indiĝena de Sudameriko kaj apartenanta al la familio de Trogonedoj.

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Pharomachrus auriceps ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El quetzal de cabeza dorada (Pharomachrus auriceps) es una especie de ave de la familia de los trogones (Trogonidae), autóctona de gran parte de Sudamérica y Panamá.

Referencias

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Pharomachrus auriceps: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El quetzal de cabeza dorada (Pharomachrus auriceps) es una especie de ave de la familia de los trogones (Trogonidae), autóctona de gran parte de Sudamérica y Panamá.

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Pharomachrus auriceps ( Basque )

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Pharomachrus auriceps Pharomachrus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Trogonidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Pharomachrus auriceps: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Pharomachrus auriceps Pharomachrus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Trogonidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Vuoriketsaali ( Finnish )

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Vuoriketsaali (Pharomachrus auriceps) on trogonien heimoon kuuluva eteläamerikkalainen lintu. Sen esiintymisalue käsittää Andien rinteet Venezuelasta ja Kolumbiasta Itä-Peruun ja Bolivian pohjoisosaan, sekä Panaman itäosan. Lajista tunnetaan kaksi alalajia. John Gould kuvaili lajin holotyypin Quitosta Ecuadorista vuonna 1842.[2]

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Pharomachrus auriceps IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 15.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. The Internet Bird Collection (englanniksi)
Tämä lintuihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Vuoriketsaali: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Vuoriketsaali (Pharomachrus auriceps) on trogonien heimoon kuuluva eteläamerikkalainen lintu. Sen esiintymisalue käsittää Andien rinteet Venezuelasta ja Kolumbiasta Itä-Peruun ja Bolivian pohjoisosaan, sekä Panaman itäosan. Lajista tunnetaan kaksi alalajia. John Gould kuvaili lajin holotyypin Quitosta Ecuadorista vuonna 1842.

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Quetzal doré ( French )

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Pharomachrus auriceps

Le Quetzal doré (Pharomachrus auriceps) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des Trogonidae.

Habitat et répartition

Golden-headed quetzal (23460893620).jpg

Il vit dans la moitié nord des Andes.

Mensurations

Il mesure 33 - 36 cm.

Alimentation

Il se nourrit de fruits (notamment de Cecropia, Ocotea et Ficus).

Sous-espèces

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Quetzal doré: Brief Summary ( French )

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Pharomachrus auriceps

Le Quetzal doré (Pharomachrus auriceps) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des Trogonidae.

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Goudkopquetzal ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De goudkopquetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps) is een vogel uit de familie van de Trogonidae (Trogons).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor van Venezuela tot noordelijk Bolivia en telt 2 ondersoorten:

  • Pharomachrus auriceps auriceps: van oostelijk Panama en noordelijk Colombia tot noordelijk Bolivia.
  • Pharomachrus auriceps hargitti: noordwestelijk Venezuela.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Goudkopquetzal: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De goudkopquetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps) is een vogel uit de familie van de Trogonidae (Trogons).

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Guldhuvad quetzal ( Swedish )

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Guldhuvad quetzal[2] (Pharomachrus auriceps) är en fågel i familjen trogoner inom ordningen trogonfåglar.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]

Guldhuvad quetzal delas in i två underarter med följande utbredning:[3]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2012 Pharomachrus auriceps Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-02-10
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-08-11

Externa länkar

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Guldhuvad quetzal: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Guldhuvad quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps) är en fågel i familjen trogoner inom ordningen trogonfåglar. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.

Guldhuvad quetzal delas in i två underarter med följande utbredning:

P. a. hargitti – bergstrakter i östra Colombia och västra Venezuela P. a. auriceps – bergstrakter från östra Panama till norra Bolivia
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Pharomachrus auriceps ( Vietnamese )

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Pharomachrus auriceps là một loài chim trong họ Trogonidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


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Pharomachrus auriceps: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Pharomachrus auriceps là một loài chim trong họ Trogonidae.

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