Stub Tailed Spadebill

Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como ^NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

El picoplano rabón (Platyrinchus cancrominus), ^[2] conocíu tamién como mosqueru pico chatu, picochato rabón, piquichato chingo, piquichato mexicanu o piquichato norteño,^[3] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia de los tirandos (Tyrannidae) endémica de Centroamérica y Méxicu.

Distribución y hábitat

Ye orixinaria de Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondures, Méxicu, Nicaragua y Panamá. El so hábitat natural son les viesques seques y viesques húmedes.

Subespecies

Esta ave tien trés subespecies reconocíes: ^[4]

• Platyrinchus cancrominus cancrominus PL Sclater & Salvin, 1860
• Platyrinchus cancrominus dilutus (W. Miller & Griscom, 1925)
• Platyrinchus cancrominus timothei Paynter, 1954

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

• Wikimedia Commons acueye conteníu multimedia sobre Platyrinchus cancrominus.

• BirdLife Especies, Ficha téunica. (n'inglés)

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Llydanbig cwta (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: llydanbigau cwta) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Platyrinchus cancrominus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Stub-tailed spadebill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Teyrn-wybedogion (Lladin: Tyrannidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. cancrominus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2]

Teulu

Mae'r llydanbig cwta yn perthyn i deulu'r Teyrn-wybedogion (Lladin: Tyrannidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

The stub-tailed spadebill (Platyrinchus cancrominus) is a passerine bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is commonly found in tropical dry rainforests or tropical moist lowlands throughout Central America.^[2] First scientifically described in 1860, it was originally thought to be the same as Platyrinchus mystaceus but was later reclassified as a sympatric species. The stub-tailed spadebill may grow up to 9.5 cm (3.74 in) long and may weigh up to 12 g (0.42 oz). It has a white throat, yellow breast, and brown mantle and wings. The stub-tailed spadebill is most easily recognizable due to its stubby tail, broad bill, and its distinctive bird song. Some morphological differences like its greatly reduced crown differentiate it from other related species.

The stub-tailed spadebill is found in elevation ranges up to 500 m (1,640 ft) above sea level. As an omnivore it feeds on both arthropods such as spiders, beetles, and ants as well as low hanging berries and fruits in the lower strata of the rainforests. While many individuals may live in solitude, pairs that live together often nest in deep cone-shaped nests made with scavenged fibres. Stub-tailed spadebills also engage in mixed-species foraging flocks with other species commonly found in the same habitat.^[3] Engaging in this flocking behaviour is still not fully understood and is believed to be done for protection from predation.^[4] It is categorized as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature

Taxonomy

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.120710 - Platyrinchus cancrominus timothei Paynter, 1954 - Tyrannidae - bird skin specimen

First described by Philip Lutley Sclater and Osbert Salvin in 1860, stub-tailed spadebills derive their name from their short, stub-like tails.^[5] They also have a brown, broad, and flat bill, a discerning feature of the Platyrinchus genus. When originally described it was observed to very closely related to Platyrinchus mystaceus, but was classified as a sympatric species, having a common ancestor.^[6] Populations present in some places are treated as subspecies of Platyrinchus cancrominus by some authors. Populations in the Yucatán Peninsula are treated as the race timothei while populations from El Salvador to Costa Rica are treated as the race dilutus.^[7] However, these populations are considered to be poorly differentiated and require further research for categorisation.

Description

The stub-tailed spadebill can grow up to 9.5 cm (3.74 in) long and weigh up to 12 g (0.42 oz). It has brown feathering on its head extending down to the mantle as well as its wings. It has a pale-coloured mandible leading to its white throat. The abdomen usually has yellow plumage in males, but females may have brown and yellow plumage as well. The short brown tail of the species is a distinguishing feature that gives it its name. Stub-tailed spadebill have a broad and flat bill and pinkish feet. It also has a distinguishable face pattern with distinctive yellow postocular stripes.^[8]

One of the most discerning features of the species is its greatly reduced or completely absent crown. Unlike other members of the genus Platyrinchus, the stub-tailed spadebill does not have a crown, which led to it being identified as a separate species.^[9]

Due to the colouring of its plumage, it has often been quoted to be ‘difficult to spot’ in its natural habitat. Alongside its slender body, it is able to avoid predators with this colouring that allows it to blend in. Stub-tailed spadebills can also be easily recognized by their nasal, rapid, and shaky “ki-di-di-di-rrril” calls that they often make after taking short flights.^[10]

Distribution and habitat

Stub-tailed spadebills are commonly observed in tropical dry forests and subtropical moist forests ranging from southern Mexico to parts of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, covering about 1,090,000 km² of land.^[11] The habitat of the stub-tailed spadebills stretches over a large range of Central America and has intersections with other related species. It is known to occupy spaces within altitude limits of 0 – 1500 m above sea level.^[12] It occupies the undergrowth of the tropical forests to accommodate its food choices as well for protection from predators.^[13] Despite the lack of previous populations in the region, individuals of the species were also found to also inhabit forests in North-western Panama in recent studies showing that the species is able to disperse over a greater area than previously thought and is also able to occupy islands with new regrowth, showing dispersal over water.^[14] These populations are thought to be remnants from a time when the species had a greater range of habitat.

The current population is estimated to currently be around 50,000 – 500,000 individuals.^[15] However, a decreasing trend has been observed in the population.^[16] This decreasing trend in population is expected to be due to deforestation and fragmentation of land, resulting in the destruction of the typical humid rainforests the stub-tailed spadebills normally inhabit.^[17] But this decline is not sufficiently rapid to approach thresholds to be treated as vulnerable. As such, it is currently not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

This species is found amongst the foliage of the rainforests with shrubs, and trees with canopies up to medium height. Some species of foliage commonly in such forests are Rubiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, hemiepiphyte, and epiphytes.^[18] This kind of undergrowth gives the stub-tailed spadebills the ability to perch directly above prey hidden in the foliage.

Behaviour and ecology

The stub-tailed spadebill may be found alone or in pairs. It will look around for food in the undergrowth it inhabits. It feeds on fruits, seeds, and insects such as ants and beetles. As it occupies the lower levels of the rainforest, it feeds on the small drupes and berries growing at this level.^[19] The stub-tailed spadebill also benefits from its habitat amongst the undergrowth of the tropical rainforests as it is able to scavenge dead grass and plant fibers for nesting. During the breeding season, individuals of the species in Costa Rica have been seen to scavenge grasses and plant fibres to make deep, cone-shaped cup nests. These nests are often placed in low saplings around the scavenging sites. Despite having access to a variety of different food sources, it is also seen that some individuals may exclusively feed only on plants. It may also change its preferences between fruits and seeds depending on the abundance of either.^[20]

Stub-tailed spadebills are also commonly involved in mixed-species feeding flocks in which birds of different species forage together. This behaviour may be taken to reduce the risk of predation due to increased vigilance. Stub-tailed spadebills mainly forage alongside species like tanagers, flycatchers, and warblers.^[21] The stub-tailed spadebill is able to sustain and forage for food in its trophic niche despite the presence of other competing species due to this flocking behaviour as individuals from all species collectively hunt.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Platyrinchus cancrominus.

El picoplano rabón^[3]​ (Platyrinchus cancrominus), conocido también como mosquero o mosquerito pico chato (en México), picochato rabón (en México), piquichato chingo (en Honduras), piquichato mexicano (en México), piquichato norteño (en Nicaragua y Costa Rica) o picochato colicorto (en Panamá),^[4]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae, perteneciente al género Platyrinchus. Es nativo de Centroamérica y México.

Distribución y hábitat

Se distribuye desde el sureste de México (desde el sur de Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas y península de Yucatán) hacia el sur por Belice, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y oeste de Costa Rica; recientemente encontrado también en el noroeste de Panamá (Bocas del Toro).^[5]​

Esta especie es considerada bastante común en su hábitat natural: los niveles bajo y medio del sotobosque de selvas húmedas, bosques semi-caducifolios, bosques en galería y bosques secos; desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1300 m de altitud (hasta los 1500 m en México).^[5]​

Sistemática

Descripción original

La especie P. cancrominus fue descrita por primera vez por los zoólogos británicos Philip Lutley Sclater y Osbert Salvin en 1860 bajo el nombre científico Platyrhynchus cancrominus; la localidad tipo es: «"Verae Pacis" (Verapaz), Guatemala».^[4]​

Etimología

El nombre genérico masculino «Platyrinchus» se compone de las palabras del griego «πλατυς platus»: ‘ancho’, y «ῥυγχος rhunkhos»: ‘pico’; y el nombre de la especie «cancrominus» es extraído del sinónimo anterior Platyrhynchus cancromus.^[6]​

Taxonomía

Las formas propuestas P. cancrominus dilutus (W. Miller & Griscom, 1925) y P. cancrominus timothei Paynter, 1954 son consideradas indistinguibles de la nominal.^[5]​

Referencias

Platyrinchus cancrominus Platyrinchus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Tyrannidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Platyrinchus
• Tyrannidae

Platyrinchus cancrominus

Le Platyrhynque à queue courte (Platyrinchus cancrominus), aussi appelé Bec-plat à queue courte ou Platyrhynque à joues blanches, est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Tyrannidae (Tyrannidés en français).

Description

Répartition

Le Platyrhynque à queue courte se rencontre dans le Sud du Mexique (État d'Oaxaca, de Veracruz, de Tabasco et toute la péninsule du Yucatan sauf dans le Nord-Ouest), dans la moitié nord du Guatemala, au Belize, dans le Nord-Ouest du Honduras, dans le Nord du Salvador, au Nicaragua, dans le Nord-Ouest du Costa Rica ainsi que dans le Nord-Est du Panama^[1].

Habitat

Cette espèce fréquente les forêts humides à feuillage persistant^[2].

Alimentation

Le Platyrhynque à queue courte se nourrit d'insectes et parfois de fourmis qu'il chasse avec d'autres espèces d'oiseaux^[2].

Nidification

Sous-espèces

D'après la classification de référence (version 5.2, 2015) du Congrès ornithologique international, cette espèce est constituée des trois sous-espèces suivantes (ordre phylogénique) :

• Platyrinchus cancrominus cancrominus P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860 ;
• Platyrinchus cancrominus dilutus (W. Miller & Griscom), 1925 ;
• Platyrinchus cancrominus timothei Paynter, 1954.

Notes et références

De kortstaartbreedbektiran (Platyrinchus cancrominus) is een zangvogel uit de familie Tyrannidae (tirannen).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort telt 3 ondersoorten:

• Platyrinchus cancrominus cancrominus: van Z-Mexico tot O-Nicaragua.
• Platyrinchus cancrominus timothei: van ZO-Mexico tot N-Guatemala.
• Platyrinchus cancrominus dilutus: van El Salvador tot NW-Costa Rica.

Externe link

• Avibase

Kortstjärtad spadnäbb^[2] (Platyrinchus cancrominus) är en fågel i familjen tyranner inom ordningen tättingar.^[3] Fågeln förekommer från tropiska södra Mexiko till västra Costa Rica och nordvästra Panama.^[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.^[1]

Noter

1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2012 Platyrinchus cancrominus Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-02-10
3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör kortstjärtad spadnäbb.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Platyrinchus cancrominus.
  Artförteckning

Platyrinchus cancrominus là một loài chim trong họ Tyrannidae.^[1]

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Platyrinchus cancrominus tại Wikispecies

Bài viết liên quan đến họ chim Đớp ruồi bạo chúa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

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