Taoniinae is a subfamily containing ten genera of glass squids.
Unlike Cranchiinae Pfeffer, 1912, the other subfamily within Cranchiidae Prosch, 1847, Taoniinae all lack cartilaginous strips which extend back from the funnel-mantle point of fusion. Their funnels are free laterally, and they have one to three photophores on the eyes.[3] The largest photophore is crescent-shaped for most genera, but it's triangular in Helicocranchia, a semicircle in Bathothauma, and circular in Sandalops. This is in contrast to glass squids in the subfamily Cranchiinae, which have at least four small photophores which are round or oval in shape.[2]
In addition, males lack hectocotyli; these are arms which have evolved to specialize in storage and transfer of spermatophores to females.[4] Taoniinae are also often larger than Cranchiinae and have darker beaks.[5] Another characteristic is that a Taoniinae's caecum, is smaller than its stomach; in Cranchiinae, the caecum is larger than the stomach.[6]
When Georg Johann Pfeffer circumscribed this subfamily in 1912, he grouped its genera into three tribes:[1]
Synonyms of Taoniinae include Galiteuthinae Berry, 1912 and Teuthoweniinae Grimpe, 1922.[2] S. Stillman Berry's 1912 circumscription of the subfamily Galiteuthinae only consisted of its type genus Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898. Like Pfeffer's Taoniinae, this was a subfamily within the family Cranchiidae Prosch, 1847. This was in contrast to Louis Joubin's classification, which placed Galiteuthis in a new, distinct family: Cranchionychiae Joubin, 1898.[14][2] Georg Grimpe's 1922 circumscription of Teuthoweniinae included its type genus Teuthowenia Chun, 1910 as well as Hensenioteuthis Pfeffer, 1900,[h] Helicocranchia Massy, 1907, and Sandalops Chun, 1906. He placed the genus Bathothauma Chun, 1906 into a new family, Bathothaumatidae Grimpe, 1922, now just treated as a junior synonym of Cranchiidae. Subsequent research did not pay much heed to Grimpe's taxonomy.[2]
Below is Nancy A. Voss and Robert S. Voss's 1983 proposal for a phylogeny of the Taoniinae subfamily.[16][17]
Bathothauma Chun, 1906
Helicocranchia Massy, 1907
Sandalops Chun, 1906
Liguriella Issel, 1908
Mesonychoteuthis Robson, 1925
Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898
Taonius Steenstrup, 1861
Teuthowenia Chun, 1910
Megalocranchia Robson, 1925
Egea Joubin, 1933
As of 2017, the World Register of Marine Species classifies the Taoniinae as containing ten genera; they classify Belonella as a synonym of Taonius following Nancy A. Voss.[18] However, Patrizia Jereb and Clyde F. E. Roper recognize Belonella as a distinct genus from Taonius, although they also note they are a frequently synonymized. Jereb and Roper also note Kir Nazimovich Nesis and Takashi Okutani as teuthologists who rejected Voss's synonymization of Belonella.[6] Nesis's classification had Taonius consisting of only the single species T. pavo, and had Belonella consisting of B. belone Chun, 1906, B. borealis Nesis, 1972 and an undescribed species from the Antarctic.[19]
Taoniinae is a subfamily containing ten genera of glass squids.
Les Taoniinés (Taoniinae) forment une sous-famille de céphalopodes décapodes marins.
La sous-famille Taoniinae est décrite par le zoologiste allemand Georg Johann Pfeffer en 1912. Le genre type en est Taonius[1].
Les Taoniinés (Taoniinae) forment une sous-famille de céphalopodes décapodes marins.
A dos Taoniinos (Taoniinae) é unha subfamilia de moluscos cefalópodos da superorde dos decapodiformes, orde dos egópsidos e familia dos cranquíidos.[1]
A subfamilia fou descrita en 1912 polo zoólogo alemán Georg Johann Pfeffer. A taxonomía dos cefalópodos, como a de todos os moluscos está hoxe aínda en discusión.
Segundo o World Register of Marine Species a subfamilia dos taoniinos comprende os seguintes xéneros:[2]
Por outra parte, segundo o Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica, para o que o gupo dos egópsidos está considerado como unha suborde (Oegopsida) da orde dos téutidos (Tuethida),[3] os xéneros da subfamilia serían:[4]
A dos Taoniinos (Taoniinae) é unha subfamilia de moluscos cefalópodos da superorde dos decapodiformes, orde dos egópsidos e familia dos cranquíidos.