Eunice vittata (Delle Chiaje 1828)

Eunice vittata (Chiaje, 1829)

Nereis vittata Chiaje, 1829:195.

Eunice vittata.—Grube, 1850:293.

Eunice minuta.—Grube, 1866b:68.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Gulf of Salerno, coll. A. Giangrande, 4 specimens.

COMMENTS ON MATERIAL EXAMINED.—The types are no longer in existence. The material examined was collected close to the type locality in the Gulf of Naples.

DESCRIPTION.—Specimen described and illustrated complete adult female with 73 setigers; total length 23.5 mm; maximal width 2 mm at setiger 10; length through setiger 10, 4 mm. Body circular in cross-section with relatively prominent parapodia throughout; posterior end tapering relatively abruptly towards pygidium. Longest anal cirri less than last 5 setigers combined.

Prostomium (Figure 115a) distinctly shorter and narrower than peristomium, as deep as of peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally rounded, dorsally mildly inflated; median sulcus distinct ventrally, completely indistinct dorsally. Palpal region distinctly marked as paired, ovate anteroventrally directed fields on ventral surface of prostomium. Eyes hidden below translucent peristomial fold, black, behind bases of A-I. Antennae, in a horseshoe with A-I well in front of other antennae, evenly spaced, similar in thickness. Peristomial fold covering bases of A-II and A-III. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles slender and digitiform, tapering abruptly to short, blunt tips, with up to 8 very poorly marked, cylindrical articulations in A-III. A-I to setiger 1; A-II to setiger 4; A-III to setiger 8. Peristomium cylindrical. Separation between rings very distinct on all sides; each ring slightly inflated. Peristomial cirri to middle or nearly the front edge of prostomium; slender and tapering, with 3 long, cylindrical articulations.

Summary maxillary formula for 2 specimens 1+1, 9–10+9–10, 8–9+0, 6+8–12, and 1+1. Jaws not calcified, with slender, tapering teeth. Mx III long, straight and located behind left Mx II. Mx VI missing.

Branchiae (Figure 115d) present, pectinate, about as long as notopodial cirri, not reduced in mid-body region, erect. Branchiae from setiger 3 to setiger 23. Branchiae terminating well before posterior end, present on less than 55% of total number of setigers. Last branchia with single filaments, maximum number of filaments 12 reached at about setiger 12. Branchial stems tapering, held erect over body in most setigers. Filaments slender, tapering to very fine tips, about as long as notopodial cirri in best-developed branchiae.

Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes symmetrically rounded; median and posterior neuropodial acicular lobes slightly more conical and slightly asymmetrical with aciculae emerging above midline (Figure 115e). All presetal lobes are low, transverse folds. Anterior postsetal lobes with high sections superiorly; these sections wrapped around superior edge of acicular lobes and terminating on front of acicular lobes approximately at midline, covering emerging aciculae. Remainder of postsetal lobes following outline of acicular lobes closely. High sections located inside presetal lobes on anterior face of parapodia, reaching well beyond acicular lobes. First 4 ventral cirri tapering and blunt-tipped. Ventral cirri basally inflated from about setiger 5 through setiger 25. Inflated base ovate and very distinctly set off from large, tapering narrow tips. Bases of ventral cirri merge into body wall posterior to setiger 25, in posterior setigers only tapering, blunt tips of ventral cirri retained. Anterior notopodial cirri basally slightly inflated, tapering distally to slender, digitiform tips. Posterior notopodial cirri reduced in length to ∼ of length in anterior setigers, tapering from base. Notopodial cirri without articulations.

Limbate setae nearly capillary with very indistinct limbation, relatively thick with short, tapering tips, marginally very finely pilose. All pectinate setae (Figure 115 c,h) very small, tapering, flat. One marginal tooth very thick and long; ∼5 teeth present. Anterior pectinate setae slightly larger than posterior ones. Shafts of compound falcigers (Figure 115 b,g) inflated with distinct distal beak, marginally coarsely serrated. Anterior appendages slightly longer than posterior ones, and slightly less tapering, bidentate. Proximal teeth narrowly triangular and directed slightly basally. Distal teeth distinctly shorter than proximal teeth, bent and directed laterally, thick and relatively blunt in posterior setigers, slender and tapering in anterior setigers. Anterior guards tapering to sharp, symmetrical tips, but not mucronate. Posterior guards symmetrically rounded, all guards marginally finely serrated; mucros absent. Pseudocompound falcigers and compound spinigers absent. Aciculae (Figure 115i) paired, tapering, clear yellow; tips distinctly bent ventrally; cross-sections round. Dorsal aciculae in posterior setigers with short, pointed guards. Separation between core and sheath indistinct in both aciculae and subacicular hooks. Subacicular hooks (Figure 115f) yellow, tridentate with teeth in a crest. Hooks first present from setiger 20–22, present in all setigers thereafter; multiple hooks in most setigers.

UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—None.

EXPECTED STATES OF UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—None.

CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 56, 58, 59. Unknown Characters: None.

ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—None.

Eunice congesta Marenzeller, 1879

Eunice congesta Marenzeller, 1879:134–135, pl. 4: fig. 2a–d.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype, ZMW Inv. no. 1042, East coast of Eno-shima, Japan, coll. C. Koerbl.

COMMENTS ON MATERIAL EXAMINED.—The type lot consists of an anterior end of 50 setigers, here considered the holotype, and one anterior fragment missing the head and perhaps the first 10 setigers and two midposterior fragments. Only the anterior end is here described in detail; the other fragments present agree with this anterior end, but neither of the two mid-posterior fragments can unequivocally be associated with the anterior end.

DESCRIPTION.—Holotype with 50 setigers; length 22 mm; maximal width 4 mm at setiger 10; length through setiger 10,6 mm. Body cylindrical, truncate anteriorly.

Prostomium (Figure 34l) distinctly shorter and narrower than peristomium, as deep as of the peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally rounded, dorsally inflated; median sulcus shallow. Dark purple eyes present between bases of A-I and A-II. Antennae in a horseshoe. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles slender and digitiform, without articulations. A-I missing; A-II to setiger 1; A-III to setiger 2. Peristomium cylindrical. Separation between rings distinct on all sides; anterior ring ∼ of total peristomial length. Peristomial cirri missing, but scar visible.

Maxillary formula 1+1, 6+8, 6+0, 6+7, and 1+1 according to Marenzeller (1879:135, pl. 4: fig. 2C). Mx III long, located behind left Mx II. Mx VI missing.

Branchiae (Figure 34q) present, pectinate, distinctly longer than notopodial cirri, not reduced in mid-body region, erect. Branchiae from setiger 7 to setiger 47. Only first branchia with single filaments; all other branchiae pectinate with up to 18 filaments. Branchial stems strong, erect. Filaments tapering to slender tips, at least as long as notopodial cirri in all except first few branchiated setigers.

Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes rounded, from about setiger 10 becoming increasingly obliquely conical with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline. All presetal lobes low, transverse folds. Anterior postsetal lobes about as high as acicular lobes following outline of acicular lobes closely; median and posterior postsetal lobes low folds. First 8 or 9 ventral cirri thick and tapering. Median ventral cirri basally inflated. Inflated bases spherical; narrow tips short, nearly button-shaped. Inflated bases reduced posterior to setiger 35, absent in mid-posterior fragments; ventral cirri tapering in posterior setigers. All notopodial cirri slender and tapering, without articulations.

Limbate setae slender, nearly capillary with very narrow, smooth limbations. Pectinate setae (Figure 34m) very small, flat, flaring. One marginal tooth larger than other teeth; total of 10 teeth present. Shafts of compound falcigers (Figure 34n) distally very slightly inflated and marginally serrated. Appendages slender, with a very large head, bidentate. Proximal teeth triangular, directed laterally; distal teeth sharply bent, truncate. Guards symmetrically rounded, with sharply pointed mucros, serrated along the cutting edge. Pseudocompound falcigers and compound spinigers absent. Aciculae (Figure 34p) paired, slender, yellow, tapering distally to slender, slightly curved or bent tips; cross-section round. Separation between core and sheath indistinct in both aciculae and subacicular hooks. Subacicular hooks (Figure 34o) yellow, tridentate with teeth in a crest. Hooks first present from setiger 33, present in all setigers thereafter, always single (except for replacements). Hooks slender, with large, triangular main fangs and smaller teeth decreasing relatively evenly in size distally.

UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—Features associated with posterior setigers; pygidium and anal cirri.

EXPECTED STATES OF UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—None.

CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 22, 56, 58, 59. Unknown Characters: 1, 2, 16, 17, 23, 27–29, 37, 38, 42.

ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—37,1; 38,1.

Eunice pellucida Kinberg, 1865

Eunice pellucida Kinberg, 1865:562.

Eunice vittata.—Hartman, 1948:77 [in part, not Nereis vittata Chiaje, 1828].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Two syntypes, RM Typ 433, St. Thomas, West Indies, coll. Werngren. Kinberg (1865:562) gave locality information as “St. Thomas, fundo 10–12 orgyiarum, unde retulit Verngren.”

COMMENTS ON MATERIAL EXAMINED.—The type lot consists of two rather poorly preserved anterior ends and a long posterior end, which may be part of the longer of the two syntypes. The shorter anterior end has been dissected ventrally.

DESCRIPTION.—One syntype with 35 anterior setigers. Other syntype with 58 anterior setigers; length 22 mm; maximal width 2 mm wide; length through setiger 10, 3.5 mm. Posterior fragment with 60 setigers; length 32 mm.

Prostomium (Figure 87a) distinctly shorter and narrower than peristomium, as deep as of peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally rounded, dorsally inflated; median sulcus shallow. Eyes absent Antennae in a horseshoe, evenly spaced, similar in thickness. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles digitiform, with up to 30 moniliform articulations in A-III in short syntype; 20 articulations in A-III in long syntype. A-I to setiger 2; A-II to setiger 5; A-III to setiger 11. Peristomium cylindrical. Separation between rings distinct dorsally and ventrally; anterior ring of total peristomial length. Peristomial cirri to posterior edge of prostomium, with 3 articulations.

Maxillary formula 1+1, 7+7, 6+0, 7+10, and 1+1. Mx III long, located behind left Mx II. All jaws currently very soft.

Branchiae present, pectinate, not reduced in mid-body region, erect. Branchiae from setiger 5 to setiger 28 on long syntype; on other syntype branchiae from setiger 6 and present to last segment with 2 very short filaments, corresponding in size to branchiae on last branchial segments in other syntype. Branchiae terminating well before posterior end, present on less than 55% of total number of setigers. Maximally 8 filaments. Branchial stems erect. Filaments slender. Posterior fragment entirely abranchiate.

Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes truncate; median and posterior acicular lobes (Figure 87f) distally rounded; aciculae emerging at midline. Pre- and postsetal lobes low, transverse folds. First 4 ventral cirri thick, tapering. Ventral cirri basally inflated from setiger 5 through about setiger 30. Inflated bases ovate; narrow tips digitiform. From about setiger 45 ventral cirri long, slender and digitiform, increasing in relative length posteriorly. Anterior notopodial cirri medially inflated, becoming digitiform in posterior setigers, retaining same absolute length, thus much more dominant in posterior than in anterior setigers. Notopodial cirri without articulations.

Limbate setae marginally serrated. Pectinate setae (Figure 87d) tapering, flat. Both marginal teeth slightly longer than other teeth; 12 teeth present. Shafts of compound falcigers (Figure 87e) distally inflated. Appendages short, slender; heads large, bidentate. Proximal teeth triangular, directed laterally. Distal teeth curved. Guards asymmetrically bluntly pointed, marginally serrated; mucros absent. Pseudocompound falcigers and compound spinigers absent. Aciculae (Figure 87b) paired, yellow, distally hammer-headed, nearly bifid in some segments. Separation between cores and sheaths indistinct in both aciculae and subacicular hooks. Subacicular hooks (Figure 87c) yellow, tridentate with teeth in a crest. Hooks first present from setiger 21 or 23, present in all setigers thereafter, always single (except for replacements). Hooks with large curved main fangs; distal fangs emerging from joint base, decreasing evenly in size.

UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—Features associated with far posterior setigers; pygidium and anal cirri.

EXPECTED STATES OF UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—None.

CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 14, 56, 58, 59. Unknown Characters: 1, 2, 4, 6, 32, 39, 40, 42, 47, 50, 63.

ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—None.

Eunice minuta Grube, 1850

Eunice minuta Grube, 1850:292.

Eunice vittata.—Grube, 1866b:68.

Western Atlantic: North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico

Known from seamounts and knolls