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Morphology

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Hyperoodon planifrons individuals grow to about 8 meters in length. Sexual dimorphism is seen in this species, with the males averaging a length of 7.5 meters and the females averaging only 6.5 meters. Body mass has been estimated at 6 to 8 tons. The body of H. planifrons is cylindrical in shape and tapers toward the tail in the last 1/3 of its length. The tail flukes are wide and lack the notched center that is often seen in other cetaceans. Southern bottlenose whales have short, distinct beaks protruding from an inflated forehead or melon. In females and young males, the forehead slopes smoothly into the beak. In older males, the forehead rises abruptly from the beak. The dorsal fin of H.planifrons is located 2/3 of the body length from the head, measures between 30 to 40 cm, and is sickle-shaped with a blunt tip. This whale's flippers are small, short, and also blunt-tipped.

Male H. planifrons have one pair of short, conical teeth which are situated at the tip of the lower jaw. Teeth are not found in the upper jaw. The teeth of females are either smaller or do not emerge at all. Rows of vestigial teeth are often present in the lower and upper jaw.

Southern bottlenose whales are a brownish-grey color on the head, back, dorsal fin, flippers, and tail . This color is paler on the belly, throat, and sides. However, coloration becomes lighter with age. Calves are a grayish-brown to black color, while older whales are completely yellowish-white in color.

(Tinker 1988, Nowak 1997, Baker 1983, Minasian et al. 1984)

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Untitled

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Hyperoodon planifrons may also be called the Antarctic bottlenose whale.

Ziphiids have a pair of grooves on their throat that converge anteriorly to form a V pattern at the chin.

A large bottlenose whale can yield up to 200 kg of spermati oil, which is used in making ointments and fine, smokeless candles. Furthermore, it can yield up to 2,000 kg of blubber oil, which is a base of many skin creams and cosmetics.

Based on geological evidence, Hyperoodon ampullatus and Hyperoodon planifrons probably diverged as recently as 15,000 years ago. There are fossil records of ziphiid whales from the lower Miocene Epoch to the Holocene Epoch.

(Mead 1989, Tinker 1988, Nowak, 1997)

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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Hendricks, C. 2003. "Hyperoodon planifrons" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hyperoodon_planifrons.html
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Conservation Status

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IUCN lists Hyperoodon planifrons as conservation dependent. This designation means that this species would fall into a higher category of threat or be driven to the point of extinction, if it were not for conservation efforts (Baillie and Groombridge 1996).

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Benefits

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There are no adverse effects of H. planifrons.

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Benefits

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There is very little economic importance attached to this species. Hyperoodon planifrons has never been subjected to systematic whaling, unlike its close relative, Hyperoodon ampullatus.

(Tinker 1988, Minasian et al. 1984)

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Trophic Strategy

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Hyperoodon planifrons is known to feed primarily on squid, and most likely, on fishes (Tinker 1988).

Animal Foods: fish; mollusks

Primary Diet: carnivore (Molluscivore )

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Distribution

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Hyperoodon planifrons is found in the waters off of Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, the South Orkney Islands, South Africa, and the Pacific and Indian ocean sectors of Antarctica. Southern bottlenose whales have also been sighted near Sri Lanka.

(Nowak 1997, Tinker 1988)

Biogeographic Regions: indian ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )

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Habitat

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Hyperoodon planifrons mainly stays in cooler waters and approaches the ice packs of Antarctica during the summer. For the winter months, southern bottlenose whales migrate towards tropic waters (Minasian et al. 1984).

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

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Reproduction

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Calving in Hyperoodon planifrons occurs in the spring or summer. The young measure about 3 meters at birth. Very little information is known about the reproductive cycle of H. planifrons, but it probably resembles the cycle of its close relative, Hyperoodon ampullatus, northern bottlenose whales. In that species, females probably give birth every 2 years, with a gestation period of 12 months. Weaning of young takes place after one year. Sexual maturity of female bottlenose whales is reached between the ages of 8-12, and in males, between 7-11 years of age. The life span of H. planifrons is at least 37 years.

(Tinker 1988, Nowak 1997)

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

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Benefits

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Although never taken commercially, some southern bottlenose whales have been killed during whaling for research purposes. Recently, several of this species have been recorded as accidental victims of driftnet fishing in the Tasman Sea. Numbers taken annually are not known, however. IUCN: Insufficiently known.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Brief Summary

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Pods of less than 10 are most common, but groups of up to 25 have been seen. They are deep divers that can remain below for over an hour. There is essentially nothing known of the reproductive biology of this species. Southern bottlenose whales are thought to take primarily squid, but probably also eat fish and possibly squid.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Size

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Maximum known sizes are 7.8 m for females and about 7.2 m for males. If females are, in fact, larger than males, this species differs from its northern counterpart. However, the disparity is more likely a result of the small sample size of measured animals. Length at birth appears to be around 2 m.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Diagnostic Description

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This species resembles the northern bottlenose whale, with a bulbous melon (especially in adult males), tubelike beak, throat grooves, small dorsal fin, small blunt flippers, and flukes with no notch (or only a shallow one). These animals are light brown to dull yellow. The belly and probably much of the head are lighter. Large animals can be covered with light splotches, scratches, and scars. The colour pattern of young calves is unknown. There is a single pair of conical teeth at the tip of the lower jaw, which erupts only in adult males, and is not visible outside the closed mouth. There may be a smaller second pair, and several sets of vestigial teeth, as well. Can be confused with: Arnoux's beaked whales can be distinguished from southern bottlenose whales by differences in dorsal fin and head shape, and from Cuvier's beaked whales and Mesoplodon primarily by head shape and body patterning.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Especie oceánica.
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Cyclicity ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Situación indefinida.
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Conservation Status ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Apéndice II de CITES
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Localidad del tipo: "found upon the sea-beach of Lewis Island in the Dampier Archipelago, North-western Australia."
Depositario del tipo: BM(NH), no. 1814a [82.3.24.1].
Recolector del tipo:
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Benefits ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Salvo capturas ocasionales en el mar de Tasmania y aguas antárticas, esta especie no ha sufrido la intensa pesca comercial de su contraparte del Atlántico Norte H. ampullatus.
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Gran tamaño, con abombamiento característico en la cabeza, lo que la separa claramente del hocico. Las hembras son ligeramente más grandes (8m) que los machos (7,4m). Pueden llegar a pesar 6,5 toneladas.
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Trophic Strategy ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Calamares y peces de profundidad.
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: Especie ocasional en el Pacífico.
Distribucion General: Aguas antárticas y subantárticas de todo el Hemisferio Sur. Su distribución parece alcanzar los trópicos, al menos en el Pacífico, aunque la situación no es clara todavía pues, hay autores que plantean la posibilidad de que los individuos observados en el Pacífico Tropical corresponden a una especie nueva del género Hyperoodon, diferente de las dos conocidas hasta ahora: H. planifrons e H. ampullatus (especie endémica del Atlántico Norte).
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Behavior ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Especie social con grupos que promedian entre 8 y 12 individuos; no obstante, se han observado, con relativa frecuencia, grupos de 25 o más individuos. Buceadores de grandes profundidades; las inmersiones suelen durar más de una hora y se han verificado inmersiones de hasta 2 hrs.
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Hiperodon ar c'hreisteiz ( Breton )

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Hiperodon ar c'hreisteiz (Hyperoodon planifrons) a zo ur morvil dantek.

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Tiriad hiperodon ar c'hreisteiz.
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Hiperodon ar c'hreisteiz ha den keñver-ha-keñver.
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Zífid cap d'olla austral ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El zífid cap d'olla austral (Hyperoodon planifrons) és una espècie de zífid del gènere Hyperoodon. A diferència de l'altra espècie d'aquest gènere, el zífid cap d'olla boreal, aquesta espècie només viu a l'extrem sud de l'oceà Atlàntic, l'Índic i el Pacífic, així com l'oceà Antàrtic. Fa uns 8-10 metres de longitud i té una aleta dorsal relativament petita (30-38 centímetres).

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Zífid cap d'olla austral Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Zífid cap d'olla austral: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Sydlig døgling ( Danish )

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Sydlig døgling (Hyperoodon planifrons) er en art inden for familien af næbhvaler. Den er 6-7,5 m lang og vejer 6-8 t.

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Südlicher Entenwal ( German )

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Der Südliche Entenwal (Hyperoodon planifrons) ist eine Walart aus der Familie der Schnabelwale (Ziphiidae). Er ähnelt stark dem im Nordatlantik lebenden Nördlichen Entenwal (H. ampullatus), der zu den bekanntesten Arten dieser Familie zählt.

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des südlichen Entenwales.

Der Südliche Entenwal lebt zirkumpolar in den Meeren der Subantarktis, häufigere Sichtungen gibt es in Patagonien, Südafrika, dem südlichen Australien, Neuseeland und der Antarktisküste. Er dringt bei seinen Wanderungen aber regelmäßig bis zum Äquator vor, er wurde beispielsweise schon vor der Küste Hawaiis und Sri Lankas beobachtet. Im (antarktischen) Sommer zieht er in die Packeisregion der Antarktis, während er in den kühleren Monaten in tropischere Gewässer zieht. Südlich von 58° südlicher Breite ist der Südliche Entenwal der häufigste Wal.

Beschreibung

Südliche Entenwale erreichen eine Länge von bis zu 8 Metern, wobei Männchen mit rund 7,5 Meter Länge deutlich größer werden als Weibchen (rund 6,5 Meter). Sein Gewicht wird auf 6 bis 8 Tonnen geschätzt. Sie bleiben damit kleiner als ihre nördlichen Verwandten und sind durch eine kurze Schnauze und eine deutlich gewölbte Melone, die vor allem bei erwachsenen Männchen ausgeprägt ist, gekennzeichnet. Männchen besitzen zwei große Zähne im Unterkiefer, die leicht nach vorne geneigt und nach außen gebogen sind. Die sichelförmige, kleine Finne liegt etwa auf zwei Drittel der Körperlänge. Die Haut dieser Wale ist graubraun gefärbt, wobei die Gesichtspartie, der Bauch und die Flanken heller sind. Außerdem hellen diese Tiere mit dem Älterwerden auf. Die Haut älterer Männchen ist von paarigen Narben bedeckt.

Lebensweise

Da diese Tiere weitab von den großen Schifffahrtsrouten leben und wenig erforscht sind, gibt es wenig gesicherte Erkenntnisse über ihre Lebensweise. In den meisten Aspekten dürfte sie mit der ihres nördlichen Pendants übereinstimmen. Wie die meisten Schnabelwale bevorzugen Südliche Entenwale das offene Meer mit über 1000 Metern Tiefe und kommen nur selten in den Bereich des Kontinentalschelfs. Sie leben in Schulen von zwei bis zwölf Tieren zusammen. Im Gegensatz zum Nördlichen Entenwal gibt es wenig Berichte über Annäherungen an Boote, was aber weniger auf die Scheu der Tiere als auf einen Mangel an Beobachtungen zurückzuführen sein dürfte.

Die Hauptnahrung dieser Wale besteht aus Tintenfischen, daneben nehmen sie auch Fische zu sich.

Über die Fortpflanzung der Südlichen Entenwale ist wenig bekannt. Die meisten Kälber dürften im Frühling zur Welt kommen und bei der Geburt rund drei Meter groß sein.

Bedrohung

Im Gegensatz zu seinem nördlichen Verwandten wurde der Südliche Entenwal nie im großen Ausmaß kommerziell gejagt. Obwohl er kaum bekannt ist und nur selten von Menschen gesehen wird, schätzt man seinen Bestand auf etwa 500.000 Tiere, womit er der häufigste Wal der antarktischen Region wäre.

Literatur

  • Rüdiger Wandrey: Die Wale und Robben der Welt. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags GmbH, 1997, ISBN 3-440-07047-6.

Weblinks

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Südlicher Entenwal: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Südliche Entenwal (Hyperoodon planifrons) ist eine Walart aus der Familie der Schnabelwale (Ziphiidae). Er ähnelt stark dem im Nordatlantik lebenden Nördlichen Entenwal (H. ampullatus), der zu den bekanntesten Arten dieser Familie zählt.

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Southern bottlenose whale

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The southern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon planifrons) is a species of whale, in the Ziphiid family, one of two members of the genus Hyperoodon. Seldom observed, the southern bottlenose whale is resident in Antarctic waters. The species was first described by English zoologist William Henry Flower in 1882, based on a water-worn skull from Lewis Island, in the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. They live in deep ocean waters over 1000 meters.[3]

Description

The southern bottlenose whale measures 7.5 m (25 ft) in length when physically mature, considerably smaller than the northern bottlenose whale. The beak is long and white on males but grey in females. The dorsal fin is relatively small at 30–38 cm (12–15 in), set behind the middle of the back, falcate (sickle-shaped), and usually pointed. The back is light-to-mid grey. It has a lighter underside. There is currently no evidence to support sexual dimorphism in coloration (Van Waerebeek et al., 2005). More data need to be collected to understand if coloration differences are individualized or based on geographic range (Van Waerebeek et al., 2005).

Taxonomy

No subspecies of the southern bottlenose whale are named (Mead 1989). A mtDNA study of two southern bottlenose whales from different regions of New Zealand was conducted and found that mtDNA differed 4.13%, which is higher than the interspecific variation of 2% found in other beaked whales (Dalebout et al., 1998). Intraspecific coloration variation may be due to genetics; however, variation based on geographical location is not ruled out (Van Waerebeek et al., 2005).

Geographic range and distribution

The southern bottlenose whale has a circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. It is found as far south as the Antarctic coast and as far north as the tip of South Africa, New Zealand's North Island and the southern parts of Brazil.

Sightings of bottlenose whales in tropical and subtropical waters were likely not of southern bottlenose whales; rather they were of a poorly known species, Longman's beaked whale.

Behavior

Dive times range from 15-40 mins, which is a long dive time relative to other cetaceans (Barlow and Sexton, 1996), and occur in small group sizes between 1-5 individuals. The southern bottlenose whale feed mainly on squid and krill. A study of stomach contents revealed that squid in the stomach of the southern bottlenose whale were mostly Antarctic squid species, followed by South African squid species (Sekiguchi et al., 1993).

Population status

The global population is unknown. Population estimates are lacking; however, southern bottlenose whales accounted for more than 90% of Ziphiid sightings in the Antarctic circle (Kasamatsu et al., 1988).

Threats

The biggest threat to the southern bottlenose whale has been whaling (Mitchell, 1975). Soviet whalers took a few specimens for research (Tomilin and Latyshev, 1967), and Japanese whalers took 42 specimens (Kasamatsu et al., 1988).

Conservation

A whale sanctuary in the Southern Ocean was created in 1994 by the International Whaling Commission (IWC). This prohibited whaling in the Southern Ocean. Forty-two southern bottlenose whales were caught in the Antarctic by Soviet whalers between 1970 and 1982. In addition, the southern bottlenose whale is covered by the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region. (Pacific Cetaceans MOU).[1] Currently the IUCN status is Least Concern.

Specimens

In Media

The vocal and piano duo Flanders and Swann recorded a humorous song, "The Whale (Mopy Dick)". The lyrics specify that they intend the bottlenose whale, in Antarctic waters.[4] [5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Lowry, L.; Brownell Jr.; R.L. (2020). "Hyperoodon planifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10708A50357964. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T10708A50357964.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ "Southern bottlenose whale".
  4. ^ "The Whale (Mopy Dick)". YouTube.
  5. ^ The complete Flanders & Swann. International Music Publishers. 1996. OCLC 973628714 – via Open WorldCat.

References

  • Bottlenose Whales in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Shannon Gowans, 1998. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Reeves et al., 2002. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  • Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Carwardine, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  • Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). "Hyperoodon planifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T10708A3208830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T10708A3208830.en.
  • Van Waerebeek K., K. Findlay, G. Friedrichsen, and P. Best. 2005. Bold colouration pattern in southern bottlenose whales, a preliminary assessment of external variation. Ulsan, Korea: IWC Scientific Committee Meeting.
  • Sekiguchi, Keiko, N. Klages, and K. Findlay. 1993. Feeding habits and possible movements of southern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon planifrons. 14th Symposium on Polar Biology. 84-97.
  • Dalebout, Merel L., A. Van Helden, K. Van Waerebeek, and C. Scott Baker. 1998. Molecular genetic identification of southern hemisphere beaked whales (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Molecular Ecology 7(6):687-694.
  • Kasamatsu, F. 1988. Distribution of cetacean sightings in the Antarctic; results obtained from the IWC/IDCR minke whale assessment cruises, 1978/79 to 1983/84. Rep. int. Whal. Comm. 38:449-487.
  • Mitchell, E.D. 1975. Review of biology and fisheries for smaller cetaceans. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada 32(7): 888–983.
  • Tomilin, A.G. and Latyshev, V.M. 1967. New data on the flat-fronted bottlenose – Hyperoodon planifrons. Mosk. Obshch. isp. Priody, Byull. Otdel. Biol. 72: 119–22.
  • Barlow, J. and Sexton, S., 1996. The Effect of Diving and Searching Behavior on the Probablility of Detecting Track-line Groups, Go, of Long-diving Whales During Line Transect Surveys. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center.
  • Mead, J. G. (1989). Bottlenose whales Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770) and Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882. In S. H. Ridgway & R. J. Harrison (Eds.), Handbook of marine mammals. Vol. 4: River dolphins and the larger toothed whales (pp. 309–320). London: Academic Press. 442 pp.

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Southern bottlenose whale: Brief Summary

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The southern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon planifrons) is a species of whale, in the Ziphiid family, one of two members of the genus Hyperoodon. Seldom observed, the southern bottlenose whale is resident in Antarctic waters. The species was first described by English zoologist William Henry Flower in 1882, based on a water-worn skull from Lewis Island, in the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. They live in deep ocean waters over 1000 meters.

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Suda botelnazulo ( Esperanto )

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La Suda botelnazulosuda botelnaza baleno (Hyperoodon ampullatus) estas specio de bekobaleno en la familio de zifiedoj, kie ĝi estas unu el du membroj de genro Hyperoodon. La suda botelnazulo estis rare observita kaj rare ĉasita, loĝanta en la akvoj de Antarkto. La specio estis unuafoje priskribita de angla zoologo William Henry Flower en 1882, baze sur akvo-eluzita kranio el la insulo Lewis, en Insularo Dampier, Okcidenta Aŭstralio.

Bibliografio

  • Giant Beaked Whales in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals pages 519-522 Teikyo Kasuya, 1998. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Reeves et al., 2002. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  • Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Carwardine, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
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Suda botelnazulo: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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La Suda botelnazulo aŭ suda botelnaza baleno (Hyperoodon ampullatus) estas specio de bekobaleno en la familio de zifiedoj, kie ĝi estas unu el du membroj de genro Hyperoodon. La suda botelnazulo estis rare observita kaj rare ĉasita, loĝanta en la akvoj de Antarkto. La specio estis unuafoje priskribita de angla zoologo William Henry Flower en 1882, baze sur akvo-eluzita kranio el la insulo Lewis, en Insularo Dampier, Okcidenta Aŭstralio.

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Hyperoodon planifrons ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El zifio calderón austral, también conocida como ballena de pico austral (Hyperoodon planifrons) es una especie de ballena, de la familia zifios, uno de los dos miembros del género Hyperoodon. La ballena de pico austral se ha observado en muy pocas ocasiones, rara vez era objeto de caza, y es probablemente la ballena más abundante en las aguas antárticas. La especie fue descrita por primera vez por el zoólogo inglés William Henry Flower en 1882, basado en un cráneo desgastado por el agua que encontró en Lewis Island, en el archipiélago Dampier, Australia Occidental.[1]

Descripción

Es bastante corpulento y mide 7,5 metros de largo cuando es adulto. Su morro en forma de botella es largo y negro en los machos, pero gris en las hembras. La aleta dorsal es relativamente pequeña (30-38 centímetros) y situada detrás del centro de la espalda. Es encorvado (falciforme). La espalda es de un tono gris medio y su parte inferior más clara.[2]

Alimentación

El zifio calderón austral se alimenta principalmente de krill, gambas y calamares pequeños.

Distribución

La ballena de pico del sur tiene una distribución circumpolar en el Océano Antártico. Se encuentra tan al sur como cerca de la Antártida y tan al norte como la costa de Sudáfrica, Nueva Zelanda y llegando hasta el sur de Brasil. La población mundial de esta especie es desconocida.

Los avistamientos de ballenas de pico en aguas tropicales y subtropicales pertenecen a otra especie distinta, el zifio de Longman.[3]

Referencias

  1. Bottlenose Whales in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Shannon Gowans, 1998. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  2. National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Reeves et al., 2002. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  3. Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Carwardine, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
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Hyperoodon planifrons: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El zifio calderón austral, también conocida como ballena de pico austral (Hyperoodon planifrons) es una especie de ballena, de la familia zifios, uno de los dos miembros del género Hyperoodon. La ballena de pico austral se ha observado en muy pocas ocasiones, rara vez era objeto de caza, y es probablemente la ballena más abundante en las aguas antárticas. La especie fue descrita por primera vez por el zoólogo inglés William Henry Flower en 1882, basado en un cráneo desgastado por el agua que encontró en Lewis Island, en el archipiélago Dampier, Australia Occidental.​

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Hyperoodon planifrons ( Basque )

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Hyperoodon planifrons Hyperoodon generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Ziphiidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Flower (1882) 1882 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 392 figs. 12. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hyperoodon planifrons: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Hyperoodon planifrons Hyperoodon generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Ziphiidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Etelänpullokuonovalas ( Finnish )

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Etelänpullokuonovalas (Hyperoodon planifrons) on harvoin nähty valaslaji, joka elää ilmeisesti lähinnä Etelämantereen lähivesillä. Sitä tavataan leveyspiirin 30 S eteläpuolella, yleisimmin leveyspiirien 57 S ja 70 S välillä.[1]

Etelänpullokuonovalas kasvaa noin 8 metriä pitkäksi, koiras on noin metrin pidempi kuin naaras. Selkä ja kyljet ovat kellertävän harmaanruskeat, vatsapuoli vaaleampi. Vanhemmiten valas muuttuu kauttaaltaan vaaleammaksi.[2] Saattaa olla, että valaan pinnan kellertävä sävy johtuu siinä elävästä planktonista. Valaan otsa on pullea ja sen alapuolella on delfiinimäinen kuono. Otsakyhmy on aikuisilla koirailla kulmikkaampi kuin naarailla ja nuorilla yksilöillä.[3]

Etelänpullokuonovalaat elävät pienissä, 2-12 yksilön ryhmissä ja syövät mustekaloja. Poikaset syntyvät keväällä tai kesällä ja ovat syntyessään noin kolme metriä pitkiä.[2]

Lähteet

  1. a b Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L.: Hyperoodon planifrons IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 1.8.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Hendricks, C.: "Hyperoodon planifrons" 2003. Animal Diversity Web.. Viitattu 13.8. 2011.
  3. Marinebio Myös kuva
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Etelänpullokuonovalas: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Etelänpullokuonovalas (Hyperoodon planifrons) on harvoin nähty valaslaji, joka elää ilmeisesti lähinnä Etelämantereen lähivesillä. Sitä tavataan leveyspiirin 30 S eteläpuolella, yleisimmin leveyspiirien 57 S ja 70 S välillä.

Etelänpullokuonovalas kasvaa noin 8 metriä pitkäksi, koiras on noin metrin pidempi kuin naaras. Selkä ja kyljet ovat kellertävän harmaanruskeat, vatsapuoli vaaleampi. Vanhemmiten valas muuttuu kauttaaltaan vaaleammaksi. Saattaa olla, että valaan pinnan kellertävä sävy johtuu siinä elävästä planktonista. Valaan otsa on pullea ja sen alapuolella on delfiinimäinen kuono. Otsakyhmy on aikuisilla koirailla kulmikkaampi kuin naarailla ja nuorilla yksilöillä.

Etelänpullokuonovalaat elävät pienissä, 2-12 yksilön ryhmissä ja syövät mustekaloja. Poikaset syntyvät keväällä tai kesällä ja ovat syntyessään noin kolme metriä pitkiä.

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Hyperoodon planifrons ( French )

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L'hypéroodon antarctique ou Hyperodon austral (Hyperoodon planifrons) est une espèce de cétacés de la famille des Ziphiidae. Cette espèce n'est pas menacée[1].

Description

Il mesure en moyenne 6,5 m et peut atteindre jusqu'à 9 m de long ; il pèse de 4 à 8 tonnes.

Mâle: 7 m pour un poids de 6,2 tonnes

Femelles: 7,50 m pour un poids de 7,9 tonnes

Sa peau est gris métallique sombre, s'éclaircissant en bleuâtre sur les flancs, plus pâle en dessous (il s'agit des couleurs d'animaux morts; vivants, ils peuvent être plus bruns que bleus).

Alimentation

Il vit en groupe de 2 à 10 individus, chasse et mange des calmars et des poissons en dessous de 1 000 m ainsi que des échinodermes et des crustacés.

Reproduction

La maturité sexuelle apparaît entre 7 et 12 ans et la gestation dure un an.

Répartition

Eaux tempérées de l'hémisphère Sud.

Échoue en Argentine, au large des Malouines, du Brésil, du Chili, de l'Australie, de la Nouvelle-Zélande et d'Afrique du Sud.

Notes et références

  1. Alain Diringer (préf. Marc Taquet), Mammifères marins et reptiles marins de l'océan Indien et du Pacifique,, Éditions Orphie, 2020, 272 p. (ISBN 979-10-298-0254-6), Hyperodon austral page 74
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Hyperoodon planifrons: Brief Summary ( French )

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L'hypéroodon antarctique ou Hyperodon austral (Hyperoodon planifrons) est une espèce de cétacés de la famille des Ziphiidae. Cette espèce n'est pas menacée.

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Zifio caldeirón austral ( Galician )

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O zifio calderón austral,[2] Hyperoodon planifrons, é unha das dúas especies de cetáceos odontocetos do xénero Hyperoodon da familia dos zifíidos.

A especie foi definida en 1882 por William Henry Flower como Hyperoodon (Frasercetus) planifrons. O nome científico válido na actualidade é Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882.

Flower fixo a descrición baseándose nun cranio desgastado pola auga que encontrou na illa Lewis, no arquipélago Dampier, situada n a entrada da baía Davis, na Antártida.[3]

O zifio caldeirón austral observouse en moi poucas ocasións, e rara vez foi obxecto de caza, sendo probabelmente o zifio máis abundante nas augas antárticas. Os avistamentos zifios en augas tropicais e subtropicais pertenecen na maioría a outra especie distinta, o Indopacetus pacificus.[4]

Descrición

Bastante corpulento, mide 7,5 m de lonxitude cando é adulto. O seu fociño é alongado, formando un bico, de cor negra nos machos e gris nas femias. A aleta dorsal é relativamente pequena (de 30 a 38 cm) e está situada detrás do centro do lombo, e tenforrmna curvada (falciforme). A coloraciónm do dorso é gris intenso, que as inferiores se fai más clara.[5]

Distribución

O zifio caldeirón austral ten unha distribución circumpolar no océano Antártico. Encóntrase en todo o hemisferio sur, desde tan ao sur como as costas antárticas, e tan ao norte como ayté ps 30 ºS, chegado ás costas de Suráfrica, Nova Zelandia Autralia e Sudamérica, e do centro de Chile, no Pacífico, e do sur do Brasil, no Atlántico.[6]

Poboación

É o zifio máis avistado nas augas antárticas, sendo claramente abundan nelas. Kasamatsu e Joyce estimaron a presenza de 599 300 cetáceos ao sur da converxencia antártica en xaneiro, os más deles cales foron considerados como zifios caldeirón austrais.[7] Esta estimación da abundancia probabelmente está subestimada, porque os métodos utilizados nas onservación non teñen xeralmente en cnta o feito de que estes animais se mergullan durante longos períodos, e son discretos cando emerxen á superficie.[8]

Non hai información sobre as tendencias da evolución da poboación global desta especie; porén, debido aos datos antreriormente citados, a UICN cualificou en 2008 a situación da especie como "LC" (pouco preocupante).[9]

Alimentación

O zifio caldeirón austral aliméntase principalmente de krill, luras e outros cefalópodos, pequenos peixes, gambas e outros crustáceos.[6]

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 en WoRMS
  2. Lahuerta e Vázquez (2000), p. 313.
  3. Gowans, Shannon (2002): "Bottlenose Whales" en Perrin, William F., Bernd Würsig & J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.) (2002): Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 2ª ed. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
  4. Carwardine, M. (1995): Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  5. Reeves et al. (2002): National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  6. 6,0 6,1 Carwardine, M. (1995), p. 111.
  7. Kasamatsu, F. e Joyce, G. G. (1995): "Current status of odontocetes in the Antarctic". Antarctic Science 7: 365-379.
  8. Barlow, J. (1999): "Trackline detection probability for long-diving whales". En: G. W. Garner, S. C. Amstrup, J. L. Laake, B. J. F. Manley, L. L. McDonald e D. G. Robertson (eds.) Marine mammal survey and assessment methods, pp. 209-221. Balkema Press.
  9. Taylor, B. L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S. M., Ford, J., Mead, J.mG., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R. L. Hyperoodon planifrons en Lista vermella de especies ameazasas da UICN.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Outros artigos


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Zifio caldeirón austral: Brief Summary ( Galician )

provided by wikipedia gl Galician

O zifio calderón austral, Hyperoodon planifrons, é unha das dúas especies de cetáceos odontocetos do xénero Hyperoodon da familia dos zifíidos.

A especie foi definida en 1882 por William Henry Flower como Hyperoodon (Frasercetus) planifrons. O nome científico válido na actualidade é Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882.

Flower fixo a descrición baseándose nun cranio desgastado pola auga que encontrou na illa Lewis, no arquipélago Dampier, situada n a entrada da baía Davis, na Antártida.

O zifio caldeirón austral observouse en moi poucas ocasións, e rara vez foi obxecto de caza, sendo probabelmente o zifio máis abundante nas augas antárticas. Os avistamentos zifios en augas tropicais e subtropicais pertenecen na maioría a outra especie distinta, o Indopacetus pacificus.

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Hyperoodon planifrons ( Italian )

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L'iperodonte australe (Hyperoodon planifrons) è una specie che viene raramente osservata.[2]

Comportamento

Dati i pochi studi su questa specie quasi nulla è dato per certo. Il loro soffio (che emettono ogni 30-40 secondi) appare denso, alto un paio di metri, mentre in apnea può rimanere anche per un'ora senza compiere grandi distanze in orizzontale[3].

Caratteristiche

La loro lunghezza varia 7,5 ai 9 metri mentre per il peso è difficile effettuare una stima precisa, variando da 5.800 a 7.500 kg. Gli adulti presentono un colore grigio marrone, che, con l'avanzare dell'età, diventa più chiaro fino a sfumare nel giallo o nel bianco. I denti possono mancare del tutto o essere presenti, in numero di 4 o di forma che ricordano degli stuzzicadenti[4][5]. Specie con cui ci si può confondere in mare sono la balenottera minore, il berardio australe e il globicefalo.

Distribuzione

Diffuso nell'emisfero meridionale dall'Antartico fino a circa 30° S, solitamente viene avvistato nel perioso estivo vicino all'Antartide.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Hyperoodon planifrons, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Mowat, Farley, Sea Of Slaughter, Atlantic Monthly Press Publishing, First American Edition, 1984.
  3. ^ ADW: Hyperoodon planifrons: Information
  4. ^ Northern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus at MarineBio.org, su marinebio.org. URL consultato il 14 dicembre 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 18 agosto 2013).
  5. ^ ADW: Hyperoodon ampullatus: Information

Bibliografia

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Hyperoodon planifrons: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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L'iperodonte australe (Hyperoodon planifrons) è una specie che viene raramente osservata.

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Zuidelijke butskop ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De zuidelijke butskop (Hyperoodon planifrons) is een walvis uit de familie der spitssnuitdolfijnen (Ziphiidae). Hij is verwant aan de noordelijke butskop (Hyperoodon ampullatus).

Kenmerken

De zuidelijke butskop is een robuuste walvisachtige met een grote, bolvormige meloen en een korte, uitstekende bek. De rugvin is groot met een licht afgeronde top en ver op de rug gelegen. De bovenzijde is geel tot blauwig grijs tot chocoladebruin van kleur, de keel en buik vaalwit tot lichtgrijs. Het mannetje heeft een witte plek op het voorhoofd, dat groter wordt naarmate het dier ouder wordt. Het mannetje heeft vaak enkele paarsgewijs lopende littekens over het lichaam. Mannetjes hebben twee grote tanden in de onderkaak, die licht naar voren en naar buiten gebogen zijn. Bij vrouwtjes ontbreken de tanden. Een volwassen mannetje heeft ook een meer hoekige meloen, terwijl de meloen van vrouwtjes en onvolwassen dieren afgerond is. De zuidelijke butskop wordt tussen de 6,94 en 7,45 m lang en 6 tot 8 ton zwaar, kleiner dan de noordelijke butskop. Anders dan bij de noordelijke butskop worden bij de zuidelijke butskop de vrouwtjes iets groter dan de mannetjes.

Leefwijze

Hij voedt zich voornamelijk met pijlinktvissen en zeekatten.

Verspreiding

De zuidelijke butskop komt enkel voor in de koudere, diepe zeeën op het Zuidelijk Halfrond, van 29° zuiderbreedte tot Antarctica. Hij is waarschijnlijk ook noordelijker aangetroffen, tot bij Hawaï en het zuiden van Japan. De meeste dieren worden aangetroffen tussen 58° en 62° zuiderbreedte. Hij verblijft meestal op open zee, in wateren die minstens 200 meter diep zijn.

Voortplanting

Jongen worden waarschijnlijk geboren in de zomermaanden rond de wateren van Antarctica.

Bescherming

De zuidelijke butskop is nooit zwaar bejaagd en wordt als zeer algemeen beschouwd.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Zuidelijke butskop: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De zuidelijke butskop (Hyperoodon planifrons) is een walvis uit de familie der spitssnuitdolfijnen (Ziphiidae). Hij is verwant aan de noordelijke butskop (Hyperoodon ampullatus).

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Baleia-bicuda-de-cabeça-plana-do-sul ( Portuguese )

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Baleia-nariz-de-garrafa-do-sul ou botinhoso-do-sul (Hyperoodon planifrons) é uma das duas espécies do género Hyperoodon. Fisicamente semelhante ao botinhoso-do-norte, esta espécie raramente tem sido observada nem nunca foi capturada por seres humanos, ao contrário da espécie congénero setentrional. Acredita-se que seja a baleia mais abundante no Oceano Antártico.

Medem cerca de 8 a 15 metros de comprimento quando adultos. Têm um bico longo, branco nos machos e cinzento nas fêmeas. A barbatana dorsal é relativamente pequena, de 30 a 38 centímetros, situada atrás do meio das costas, falciforme (forma de foice) e geralmente inclinada. As costas são de um cinzento mais claro que na espécie congénere do norte mas, tal como ela, tem a parte ventral mais clara.

O botinhoso-do-sul tem uma distribuição geográfica circumpolar pelo Oceano Antártico, tendo sido encontrado desde a costa Antártica, a sul, até à extremidade da África do Sul, ilhas setentrionais da Nova Zelândia e regiões meridionais do Brasil. Acredita-se que exista uma população global de 500 000 indivíduos (arredondado por excesso).

Referências bibliográficas

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Baleia-bicuda-de-cabeça-plana-do-sul: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Baleia-nariz-de-garrafa-do-sul ou botinhoso-do-sul (Hyperoodon planifrons) é uma das duas espécies do género Hyperoodon. Fisicamente semelhante ao botinhoso-do-norte, esta espécie raramente tem sido observada nem nunca foi capturada por seres humanos, ao contrário da espécie congénero setentrional. Acredita-se que seja a baleia mais abundante no Oceano Antártico.

Medem cerca de 8 a 15 metros de comprimento quando adultos. Têm um bico longo, branco nos machos e cinzento nas fêmeas. A barbatana dorsal é relativamente pequena, de 30 a 38 centímetros, situada atrás do meio das costas, falciforme (forma de foice) e geralmente inclinada. As costas são de um cinzento mais claro que na espécie congénere do norte mas, tal como ela, tem a parte ventral mais clara.

O botinhoso-do-sul tem uma distribuição geográfica circumpolar pelo Oceano Antártico, tendo sido encontrado desde a costa Antártica, a sul, até à extremidade da África do Sul, ilhas setentrionais da Nova Zelândia e regiões meridionais do Brasil. Acredita-se que exista uma população global de 500 000 indivíduos (arredondado por excesso).

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Sydlig näbbval ( Swedish )

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Sydlig näbbval (Hyperoodon planifrons) är en art i familjen näbbvalar som lever i södra Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen och omkring Antarktis.

Kännetecken

Den sydliga näbbvalen kan nå en längd på upp till 8 meter och väger uppskattningsvis mellan 6 och 8 ton. Hanarna är större än honorna, med en genomsnittlig längd på omkring 7,5 meter jämfört med 6,5 meter. Dess kroppsform är robust och cylindriskt med den sista tredjedelen av kroppen avsmalnande mot en kort och bred stjärtfena. Den har en kort nos och en välvd panna, det senare ett drag som är särskilt markant framträdande hos äldre hanar. Ryggfenan har formen av en skära och är placerad långt bak, ungefär två tredjedelar av kroppens längd räknat från huvudet. Färgen på huvudet och ovansidan av kroppen liksom på stjärtfenan är brungråaktig, medan sidorna och buken har en ljusare och blekare färg. Unga valar har vanligen en mörkare färg än vuxna. Med åldern ljusnar också djuren så att äldre valar är närmast gulvitaktiga i färgen.

Utbredning

Den sydliga näbbvalen förekommer under sommaren främst i de kalla och näringsrika vattnen runt Antarktis, för att under vintermånaderna dra sig längre norrut, till vattnen utanför Australien, Nya Zeeland, Eldslandet, Falklandsöarna, Sydgeorgien, Sydorkneyöarna, Argentina och Sydafrika. Den har även observerats utanför Sri Lanka.

Levnadssätt

Den sydliga näbbvalens levnadssätt är inte lika väl utforskat som dess nära släkting den nordliga näbbvalen, men det anses troligt att det i många avseenden påminner om dennas. Som andra näbbvalar har den förmågan att göra mycket långvariga dykningar, vilket försvårar studierna.

Valen lever i små flockar om två till tolv individer. Den föredrar öppet hav med ett djup på över 1 000 meter. Av de olika ljud som har noterats för arten finns klickningar och visslingar, vilka exempelvis kan användas för kommunikation individerna emellan. Födan består främst av bläckfiskar, men även fiskar kan ingå i dieten.

Honan får troligen en unge vartannat år, under våren eller sommaren, efter en dräktighetsperiod på 12 månader. Vid födseln har ungen en längd på cirka 3 meter. Den blir avvand efter ett år, men könsmognaden inträffar först vid 7 till 11 års ålder för hanarna och vid 8 till 12 års ålder för honorna. Arten kan nå en livslängd av 37 år.

Källor

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Sydlig näbbval: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Sydlig näbbval (Hyperoodon planifrons) är en art i familjen näbbvalar som lever i södra Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen och omkring Antarktis.

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Güney şişe burunlu balinası ( Turkish )

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Güney şişe burunlu balinası (Hyperoodon planifrons), gagalı balinagiller (Ziphiidae) familyasından Hyperoodon cinsine ait iki balina türünden biridir. Çok az gözlenebilen ve avlanan bu tür, muhtemelen Antarktik sularda en bol bulunan balinadır. İlk olarak İngiliz zoolog William Henry Flower tarafından 1770 yılında tanımlanmıştır.

Özellikleri

Güney şişe burunlu balinası yetişkinlerinin boyları 7,5 metre olarak ölçülmüş olup Kuzey şişe burunlu balinasına göre küçüktür. Gaga erkeklerde beyaz dişilerde gri renklidir. Sırt yüzgeci vücudun geri tarafının ortasın arka tarafında ve 30-38 santimetre civarında olup diğer balina türlerine göre küçüktür. Ağırlıkları ile ilgili kesin bilgi yoktur.

Popülasyon ve yayılım

Güney şişe burunlu balinası yayılımı Güney okyanuslarıdır. Güney Afrika, Brezilya ve Yeni Zelanda'nın en güney uçları ile Antarktika arasında bulunur. Popülasyonu kesin olarak bilinmemektedir.

Yaşam şekli

Bütün diğer gagalı balinagiller gibi onlar da büyük derinliklerde avladıkları kafadan bacaklılar ve krill ile beslenir.

Korunumu

İnsanlar tarafından avlanmaları çok sık değildir. 1970 ile 1982 tarihleri arasında 42 balina Sovyet avcılarınca yakalanmıştır.[2]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; Pitman, R.L. (2008). "Hyperoodon planifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. Cilt 2008, s. e.T10708A3208830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T10708A3208830.en. Erişim tarihi: 27 August 2016.
  2. ^ Official webpage of the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

  • Bottlenose Whales in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Shannon Gowans, 1998. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Reeves et al., 2002. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  • Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Carwardine, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  • {{{assessors}}} (2008). Hyperoodon planifrons. IUCN 2008. IUCN Nesli Tükenme Tehlikesi Altında Olan Türlerin Kırmızı Listesi. Erişim tarihi: 27 February 2009.

Dış bağlantılar

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Güney şişe burunlu balinası: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Güney şişe burunlu balinası (Hyperoodon planifrons), gagalı balinagiller (Ziphiidae) familyasından Hyperoodon cinsine ait iki balina türünden biridir. Çok az gözlenebilen ve avlanan bu tür, muhtemelen Antarktik sularda en bol bulunan balinadır. İlk olarak İngiliz zoolog William Henry Flower tarafından 1770 yılında tanımlanmıştır.

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Пляшконіс плосколобий ( Ukrainian )

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Пляшконіс плосколобий (Hyperoodon planifrons) — вид китів з роду пляшконіс (Hyperoodon) родини Дзьоборилі (Ziphidae).

Поширення

Розповсюджений у південній півкулі від льодів Антарктики, Південних Георгієвих, Південних Оркнейських і Фолклендські островів до широти Австралії, Нової Зеландії та Аргентини.

Морфологія

Їх щелепні гребені й «чоло» нижчі, а дзьоб коротший, ніж у високочолих (північних) пляшконосів. Самки довжиною близько 7 метрів.

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Пляшконіс плосколобий: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Пляшконіс плосколобий (Hyperoodon planifrons) — вид китів з роду пляшконіс (Hyperoodon) родини Дзьоборилі (Ziphidae).

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Cá voi mũi chai phương nam ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá voi mũi chai phương nam, tên khoa học Hyperoodon planifrons là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Ziphiidae, bộ Cetacea. Loài này được Flower mô tả năm 1882.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Hyperoodon planifrons”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cá voi mũi chai phương nam  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cá voi mũi chai phương nam

Liên kết ngoài

Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cá voi (Cetacea) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá voi mũi chai phương nam: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá voi mũi chai phương nam, tên khoa học Hyperoodon planifrons là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Ziphiidae, bộ Cetacea. Loài này được Flower mô tả năm 1882.

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Плосколобый бутылконос ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Подотряд: Зубатые киты
Семейство: Клюворыловые
Вид: Плосколобый бутылконос
Международное научное название

Hyperoodon planifrons (Flower, 1882)

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
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ITIS 180505NCBI 74392EOL 328557FW 63850

Плосколобый бутылконос[1] (лат. Hyperoodon planifrons) — вид клюворылых, отряда китообразных. К 1989 году было известно больше 30 экземпляров этого вида, а в различных музеях хранилось 8 полных скелетов.

Внешний вид и строение

Этот вид отличается от другого представителя рода бутылконосов — высоколобого бутылконоса — меньшими размерами (длина тела до 7,5 метров), более коротким клювом, а также более низкими лбом и челюстными гребнями.

Ареал

Плосколобый бутылконос населяет воды вокруг Антарктиды. Северная граница его ареала доходит до Австралии, Новой Зеландии, Аргентины и Южной Африки.

Примечания

  1. Томилин А. Г. Отряд Китообразные (Cetacea) // Жизнь животных. Том 7. Млекопитающие / под ред. В. Е. Соколова. — 2-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 1989. — С. 375. — 558 с. — ISBN 5-09-001434-5
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Плосколобый бутылконос: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Плосколобый бутылконос (лат. Hyperoodon planifrons) — вид клюворылых, отряда китообразных. К 1989 году было известно больше 30 экземпляров этого вида, а в различных музеях хранилось 8 полных скелетов.

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南瓶鼻鯨 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Hyperoodon planifrons
Flower, 1882

南瓶鼻鯨(学名Hyperoodon planifrons)又称南极瓶鼻鲸平头鲸。其遠不如其近親北瓶鼻鯨來得有名。牠們似乎從未成為商業捕鯨的對象,也未有任何特定的田野調查。因此,人們對牠們的了解大多來自於對擱淺個體的解剖,或是科學家在調查其他鯨豚時意外的目擊記錄。已知南瓶鼻鯨僅分布於南半球,但過去在印度洋太平洋熱帶海域觀察到的“熱帶瓶鼻鯨”(tropical bottlenose whale)是否就是南瓶鼻鯨,幾十年來一直困擾著科學界。雖然這些目擊記錄外型非常像南瓶鼻鯨,不過有部分學者認為應屬他種,可能是難以捉摸的朗氏中喙鯨(Longman's Beaked Whale)。

基本資料

其他俗名:Antarctic Bottlenose Whale、Flathead(英)、ballena nariz de botella西班牙)、gran calderon拉丁美洲)、minami tokkuri kujira日本)、ploskolobye butylkonos(俄羅斯

出生時身長體重:未知

最大身長體重記錄:雄 6.94m、雌 7.45m;體重約6,000-8,000kg

壽命:未知

外型特徵

南瓶鼻鯨的體型長而粗壯。嘴喙基部與額隆的界線相當明顯,成年雄鯨的嘴喙比雌鯨與未成年雄鯨來得粗短,其額隆呈球狀而高聳。胸鰭小而筆直,背鰭位於背部約全長三分之二處,外觀呈鐮刀狀,尾鰭中央無凹刻。下顎尖端有一對牙齒,僅成年雄鯨會露出牙齦,即使在嘴巴閉上時也看得見,但部分個體可能有四顆或不長牙齒。體色普遍呈黃褐至灰褐色,腹部為灰白色,不過部分學者認為背部的色調是因為矽藻覆蓋的影響,而不是真正的體色。背部與身體側面常有白色的長條傷痕,在成年雄鯨身上尤其明顯。某些個體額隆呈灰白色,與背部的深色形成明顯的對比,該灰白色區域會延伸至噴氣孔後方。

分布

南瓶鼻鯨廣泛分布於南半球,分布北限在南太平洋海域至少達智利的法耳巴拉索(Valparaiso)、紐西蘭北島(North Island),與澳洲的新南威爾斯(New South Wales);在西印度洋為澳洲西部與約南緯31度;在南大西洋則為南非的開普省(Cape Province)與巴西的南里約格蘭德(Rio Grande do Sul)。通常在南緯30度以南出現,特別是南緯58至62度一帶;最南可在羅斯海(Ross Sea)約南緯73度處發現。在夏季,出現密度最高的區域在距離冰層邊緣約60海哩處。1960年,斯里蘭卡曾傳出有南瓶鼻鯨擱淺,但經查證實為柯氏喙鯨(Cuvier's Beaked Whale,又稱柯維氏喙鯨)。

習性

南瓶鼻鯨常以1至3頭的小群出現,數量上一般不超過10頭,偶爾達25頭。牠們是深層的潛水者,極少出現於水深不到183公尺的海域,似乎可潛至1,000公尺深處,時間最長可達1小時以上,不過一般不會作如此長時間的潛水。在深潛完上浮後會在海面停留10分鐘左右,此時會以30至40秒1次的頻率換氣,其多分支的噴氣約有1至2公尺後,在良好天候下可清楚觀察到。偶爾會躍身擊浪

叫聲

相關文獻資料極少,學者E. H. Millar曾記錄一頭身長6.9m的擱淺雄鯨叫聲,形容牠“發出小豬般的叫聲,有時長而尖銳。”

生殖

對於其生殖狀況幾乎一無所知。由少數初生幼鯨的觀察記錄,推測位於南非外海族群的生殖期約在春季或夏季初。

食性

牠們專吃槍烏賊與魷魚,胃內容物幾乎全為頭足類嘴喙殘渣,其中有部分南極、亞南極海域的槍烏賊也是抹香鯨喜愛的食物,不過南瓶鼻鯨似乎傾向於食用較小型的種類。另外可能包括少量類與無脊椎動物

現狀

雖然所知不多,但根據目擊的頻率來看,牠們可能是南極地區數量最多的喙鯨。牠們只有零星的捕捉記錄,也不常因漁船作業而有死傷。估計約有500,000頭南瓶鼻鯨在夏季時分布於南極聚合帶(Antarctic Convergence)以南。

參考書目

  1. ^ (英文) Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Hyperoodon planifrons. 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2009. 撷取於2009-09-14.

1. Hadoram Shirihai / illustrated by Brett Jarrett, 《A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife: The Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and the Southerocean》, Alula Press Oy, 2002: p341,p344. ISBN 951-98947-0-5

2. Mark Carwardine / illustrated by Martin CammDorling, 《DORLING KINDERSLEY HANDBOOKS: WHALES, DOLPHINS AND PORPOISES》, Dorling Kindersley, 1995: p110-111. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6

3. Pieter A. Folken, Randall R. Reeves, etc. / illustrated by Pieter A. Folkens, 《Guide to MARINE MAMMALS of the World》,Alfred A. Knopf, 2002: p272-273. ISBN 0-375-41141-0

4. Thomas A. Jefferson, Stephen Leatherwood, and Marc A. Webber, 《MARINE MAMMALS OF THE WORLD》, FAO, 1993: p86-87. ISBN 92-5-103292-0

5. Shannon Gowans, 《Bottlenose Whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus and H. planifrons)》, edit by William F. Perrin, Bernd Würsig, etc. 《Encyclopedia of MARINE MAMMALS》, Academic Press, 2002: p128-129. ISBN 0-12-551340-2

6. James G. Mead, 《Bottlenose Whales - Hyperoodon ampullatus(Forster, 1770) and Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882》, edited by Sam H. Ridgway and Sir Richard Harrison, F.R.S. 《Handbook of Marine Mammals, Volume 4: River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales》, Academic Press, 1989: p321-348. ISBN 0-12-588504-0

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南瓶鼻鯨: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

南瓶鼻鯨(学名Hyperoodon planifrons)又称南极瓶鼻鲸和平头鲸。其遠不如其近親北瓶鼻鯨來得有名。牠們似乎從未成為商業捕鯨的對象,也未有任何特定的田野調查。因此,人們對牠們的了解大多來自於對擱淺個體的解剖,或是科學家在調查其他鯨豚時意外的目擊記錄。已知南瓶鼻鯨僅分布於南半球,但過去在印度洋太平洋熱帶海域觀察到的“熱帶瓶鼻鯨”(tropical bottlenose whale)是否就是南瓶鼻鯨,幾十年來一直困擾著科學界。雖然這些目擊記錄外型非常像南瓶鼻鯨,不過有部分學者認為應屬他種,可能是難以捉摸的朗氏中喙鯨(Longman's Beaked Whale)。

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남방병코고래 ( Korean )

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남방병코고래(Hyperoodon planifrons)는 부리고래과에 속하는 고래의 일종이다.[2] 병코고래속에 속하는 2종 중의 하나이다. 거의 관찰되지 않고 아주 드물게 잡히지만, 남극 해역에서 가장 풍부한 고래로 추정하고 있다. 1882년 영국의 동물학자 플라워(William Henry Flower)가 웨스턴오스트레일리아 주 댐피어 군도의 루이스 섬에서 발견한 두개골에 기초하여 처음 기술했다.

각주

  1. “Hyperoodon planifrons”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 2월 27일에 확인함.
  2. Mead, J.G.; Brownell, R.L., Jr. (2005). 〈Order Cetacea〉 [고래목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 723–743쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  • Bottlenose Whales in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Shannon Gowans, 1998. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Reeves et al., 2002. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  • Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Carwardine, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
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남방병코고래: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

남방병코고래(Hyperoodon planifrons)는 부리고래과에 속하는 고래의 일종이다. 병코고래속에 속하는 2종 중의 하나이다. 거의 관찰되지 않고 아주 드물게 잡히지만, 남극 해역에서 가장 풍부한 고래로 추정하고 있다. 1882년 영국의 동물학자 플라워(William Henry Flower)가 웨스턴오스트레일리아 주 댐피어 군도의 루이스 섬에서 발견한 두개골에 기초하여 처음 기술했다.

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Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
oceanic

Reference

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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WoRMS Editorial Board
contributor
Jacob van der Land [email]

IUCN Red List Category

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Least Concern (LC)

Reference

IUCN (2008) Cetacean update of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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WoRMS Editorial Board
contributor
Perrin, William [email]