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Golden Yarrow

Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray

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Description

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Shrubs, 20–50(–100) cm. Stems erect (woolly). Leaves (proximal usually mostly alternate): blades cuneate to obovate, 0.5–5 cm (the longer 1–2-pinnately lobed, lobes linear, the shorter 3–5-lobed or -toothed), ultimate margins entire, revolute, abaxial faces woolly, adaxial usually glabrate (distal leaves gradually reduced in size and lobing). Heads (3–)4–7(–10) or 10–30+ per array. Peduncles mostly 0–2.5(–9) cm. Involucres campanulate, 3–7 mm diam. Phyllaries 4–7, distinct or connate at bases (broadly elliptic or ovate, carinate, apices obtuse or acute). Ray florets 0 or 4–6(–8); laminae golden yellow, 2–5 (× 1.5–3) mm. Disc florets 10–75; corollas 2–4 mm. Cypselae 1.5–3.5 mm; pappi of 2–14 cuneate to oblanceolate (subequal), erose scales 0.5–1.3 mm.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 352, 354, 360, 361 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Bahia confertiflora de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 657. 1836
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 352, 354, 360, 361 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Eriophyllum trifidum (Nutt.) Rydberg
Bahia Irifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 374. 1841. Bahia confertiflora Irifida A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 380. 1876. Eriophyllum confertiflorum trifidum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.
A low shrub, about 3 dm. high, branched above; branches strict, rather stout, densely white-tomentose; leaves 1-2 cm. long, rather thick, divided into 3-5, short, linear or subulate lobes, white-tomentose beneath, glabrate above; heads few in small dense clusters at the ends of the branches; involucre campanulate, nearly 5 mm. high and broad, densely tomentose; bracts 5 or 6, oval; ray-flowers usually as many; ligules 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube glandular-hispid, much shorter than the glandular-granuliferous throat; achenes 2 mm. long, hispidulous on the angles, glandular-granuliferous on the faces; squamellae about 8, oblong, about 0.6 mm. long.
Type locality: Santa Barbara, California.
Distribution: Sandy places, mostly near the coast, from Monterey, California, to central Lower California.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A Gray, Proc. Am. Acad
19: 25. 1883.
Bahia conjertiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum discoideum Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 207. 1894.
A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high; branches slender, finely white-tomentose; leaves 2-3 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with narrowly linear divisions, white-tomentose beneath, slightly floccose and glabrate above, with revolute margins; heads almost sessile in small clusters or corymbs at the ends of the branches; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high and about as broad, floccose; bracts about 6, oval, obtuse; ray-flowers 4-6, or wanting; ligules 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes about 2 mm. long, hispid on the margins, glandular on the faces; squamellae 8-12, elliptic, about 0.5 mm. long.
Type locality: California.
Distribution: Central and southern California.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Eriophyllum confertiflorum

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Eriophyllum confertiflorum, commonly called golden yarrow or yellow yarrow,[2] is a North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae, native to California and Baja California. It has wooly leaves when young, and yellow flower heads.[3] "Eriophyllum" means "wooly leaved."[3][4]

Eriophyllum confertiflorum gets its common name from the similar appearance of its inflorescence to the true yarrow, which has white flowers.[3][5][6]

Habitat and distribution

Eriophyllum confertiflorum is a highly variable plant which is generally a small shrub. It grows primarily in the Sierra Nevada and Coastal Ranges in California and Baja California. It can be found in a number of plant communities and habitats. In the Santa Monica Mountains of California, it is common in open places that are away from the coast.[3]

Eriophyllum confertiflorum grows in large clumps or stands of many erect stems often exceeding 50 cm (20 in) in height. Botanist Nancy Dale describes the growth pattern as "tidy".[3] Leaves are alternate.[3] Leaves and stems are whitish when young, because of being covered in wooly white hairs, then become greenish to gray-green.[3] Leaves have 3-5 deep lobes.[3] Yellow flowers are crowded in the head, which is up to 3⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) across, flat-topped, with both disc flowers and ray flowers.[3] "Confertiflorum" means densely flowered.[3] It blooms from January to July.[3] The fruit is an achene with a very short pappus. The top of each stem forms an inflorescence of up to 30 flower heads, each bright golden yellow head with a large center of disc florets and usually a fringe of rounded to oval ray florets.[2]

Varieties[2][6][1]
  • Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum - most of species range
  • Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. tanacetiflorum (Greene) Jeps. - Sierra Nevada foothills + San Gabriel Mountains
  • Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. trifidum (Nutt.) A.Gray - California coast between Santa Barbara + Monterey[7]
The buds are small, oval, and greenish-white.

References

  1. ^ a b The Plant List, Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray
  2. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Eriophyllum confertiflorum (de Candolle) A. Gray, 1883. Golden or yellow yarrow
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Flowering plants: The Santa Monica Mountains, coastal & chaparral regions of Southern California, Nancy Dale, 2nd Ed., 2000, p. 63
  4. ^ Mooring, J. S. 1994. A cytogenetic study of Eriophyllum confertiflorum (Compositae, Helenieae). American Journal of Botany 81: 919–926.
  5. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  6. ^ a b Calflora taxon report, University of California, Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray Yellow Yarrow, golden yarrow
  7. ^ Rydberg, Per Axel 1915. North American Flora 34(2): 95 as Eriophyllum trifidum

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Eriophyllum confertiflorum: Brief Summary

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Eriophyllum confertiflorum, commonly called golden yarrow or yellow yarrow, is a North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae, native to California and Baja California. It has wooly leaves when young, and yellow flower heads. "Eriophyllum" means "wooly leaved."

Eriophyllum confertiflorum gets its common name from the similar appearance of its inflorescence to the true yarrow, which has white flowers.

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