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Coral Sea, Duration 88 seconds
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Indo-Pacific, Shot at night, Duration 15 seconds
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Coral Sea, Shot at night, Duration 37 seconds
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Coral Sea, Duration 23 seconds
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South Pacific Ocean, Duration 15 seconds
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Hampen Sø, Midtjylland, Danmark
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Roskilde
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Ørn Sø, Silkeborg, Danmark
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Mattrup Å ved Stidsmølle, Jylland, Danmark
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Ørn Sø, Silkeborg, Danmark
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Dollerup Kilde ved Hald Sø, Jylland, Danmark
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Centers for Disease Control/Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
EOL staff
Life cycle of Spirometra tapeworms causing sparganosis in humansAdult tapeworms in the genus Spirometra live in the intestines of dogs and cats (7). Eggs are shed in feces (1) and embryonate in the environment (2). Eggs hatch in water and release
coracidia (3), which are ingested by copepods. The
coracidia develop into
procercoid larvae in the copepod intermediate host (4). Second intermediate hosts, including fish, reptiles and amphibians, ingest infected copepods and acquire
procercoid larvae. The
procercoid larvae develop into
plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate host (5). The cycle is completed when a predator (dog or cat) eats an infected second intermediate host (6). Humans cannot serve as definitive hosts for Spirometra spp., but serve as paratenic hosts ("transport hosts") or second intermediate hosts (8) and develop
sparganosis. Humans acquire
sparganosis by either drinking water contaminated with infected copepods or consuming the flesh of an under-cooked second intermediate or paratenic host. Larvae of these tapeworms (spargana) can live up to 20 years in the human host.From
Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website.
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Polyclad worm.
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Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Ronald Sluys, Paolo Deri, Renata Manconi
Zookeys
Figure 1.Geographic distribution of Dugesia superioris (indicated by an asterisk) and Dugesia sp. NMNH 55294 (indicated by black diamond) in the Lake Ohrid region.
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Carolina Noreña, Daniel Marquina, Jacinto Perez, Bruno Almon
Zookeys
Figure 1.Cycloporus papillosus. A–D dorsal views of living animals E sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen F sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Anterior to the right in E, F.
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Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Ronald Sluys, Renata Manconi
Zookeys
Figure 1.Geographic distribution of Dugesia species recorded from Madagascar and adjacent islands. Type locality of Dugesia bifida in the High Tsiribihina hydrographic basin indicated by an asterisk.
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Coral Sea, Duration 26 seconds
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Indo-Pacific, Shot at night, Duration 10 seconds
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Coral Sea, Shot at night, Duration 22 seconds
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Coral Sea, Duration 22 seconds
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Coral Sea, Duration 42 seconds
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Hampen Sø, Midtjylland, Danmark
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Roskilde
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Ørn Sø, Silkeborg, Danmark