Disocactus crenatus ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Disocactus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton crenatus stammt aus dem Lateinischen, bedeutet ‚gekerbt‘ und verweist auf die eingekerbten Ränder der Triebe.[1]
Disocactus crenatus wächst aufrecht, ist halbepiphytisch und erreicht Wuchshöhen von bis zu einem Meter. Ihre verholzenden Haupttriebe sind zylindrisch oder dreikantig. Die blattartigen, dickfleischigen und an den Rändern eingekerbten Seitentriebe sind graugrün, bis 60 Zentimeter lang und zwischen 4 und 10 Zentimeter breit. Die Areolen tragen keine Dornen.
Die duftenden Blüten öffnen sich in der Nacht und bleiben bis zum nächsten Morgen geöffnet. Sie sind 20 bis 29 Zentimeter lang und erreichen Durchmesser zwischen 10 und 20 Zentimeter. Die äußeren Blütenhüllblätter sind grünlich oder etwas rosagelb, die inneren Blütenhüllblätter sind cremeweiß.
Disocactus crenatus ist in Mexiko, Guatemala, Honduras und El Salvador verbreitet.
Die Erstbeschreibung als Cereus crenatus wurde 1844 von John Lindley veröffentlicht.[2] Miguel Ángel Cruz und Salvador Arias stellten die Art 2016 in die Gattung Disocactus.[3] Weitere nomenklatorische Synonyme sind Phyllocactus crenatus (Lindl.) Lem. (1845), Phyllocactus crenatus (Lindl.) Walp. (1846) und Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindl.) G.Don (1855).
Es werden folgende Unterarten unterschieden:[4]
In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.[5]
Disocactus crenatus ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Disocactus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton crenatus stammt aus dem Lateinischen, bedeutet ‚gekerbt‘ und verweist auf die eingekerbten Ränder der Triebe.
Disocactus crenatus, the crenate orchid cactus, is a species of cactus and one of the most important parent plant in creating the epiphyllum hybrids commonly cultivated throughout the world. It is cultivated for its large white flowers.
The stem is erect to ascending, profusely branched, primary stems terete (tapering at both ends) or 3-angled for a short portion at base, becoming ligneous (woody), flat at most of their length, secondary stems flat, flattened portions to 60 cm long, to 6–10 cm wide, stiff and rather succulent. The phylloclades are lanceolate to long linear, acute or obtuse, median nerve rather thick, margins deeply or coarsely crenate, lobes oblique; areoles at the bases of stems sometimes bearing hairs or small bristles, internodes (plant stem part between nodes) narrow or broad. The Epidermis is green or gray-green and smooth.
The flowers are up to 18–29 cm long and 15–20 cm wide. The species is nocturnal, but may remain open for several days, becoming quite fragrant. The outer tepals are inserted within 2 cm of receptacle apex, 10–12 cm long, broadly oblanceolate to linear, greenish yellow to tawny yellow or reddish amber. The outermost tepals are sometimes margined in red or streaked. The inner tepals are as long as outer tepals, spathulate to oblanceolate, acuminate to mucronate, white, creamy white or greenish yellow. The Pericarpel (hypanthium) is 5-angled, 3 cm long, 1.5-1.7 cm thick, with acute, long-decurrent podaria, bracteoles (small bracts) subtening (2-8) spines up to 7 mm long, and green in color. The receptacle is 10–12 cm long, about 1.5cm thick at its middle, and green (or often reddish) at apex, or reddish throughout. It bears numerous linear to oblong keeled bracteoles. The bracleoles are 2–3 cm long and appear in a spread formation. The nectaries are about 3–4 cm long, stamens numerous, declinate,[2] shorter than the tepals, inserted in two zones the lower one ca 4 cm long, from a point ca 4 cm from the ovary chamber, the upper zone forming a throat circle ca 2 cm above, filaments 5–7 cm long, pale yellow or pale greenish-yellow; style 15–20 cm long, as long or longer than stamens, 2–3 mm thick, widest at base. The 8 or 9 stigma lobes are white and papillose (nipple-like). The fruit is oblong to globose (globe-shaped), the podaria are long, decurrent, and acute.
This subspecies differs from the typical variety by: 4–6 cm wide stems, usually semicircular lobes; pericarpel and receptacle subterete (tapering at the bottom) in cross-section; pericarpel with subconical (somewhat cone shaped at the bottom) or obtuse, shortly decurrent podaria and with bracteoles subtending ca 6 (0-20) spines up to 12 mm long; outer tepals usually inserted within 4–8 cm of tube apex; fruit globose, the podaria short and decurrent, and obtuse.
The epithet crenatus denotes crenations (wavy-toothed) and refers to the crenated stem margins. The subspecies epithet kimnachii honours Myron Kimnach (1922-2018), a botanist mainly working with epiphytic cacti and Crassulaceae, and for many years working at the University of California, Berkeley and Huntington Gardens. Kimnach was director of the Huntington Botanical Gardens for 25 years. He also edited the Cactus and Succulent Journal for the Cactus and Succulent Society of America and was Managing Editor of its peer-reviewed technical yearbook, Haseltonia for ten years.[3]
This species is distinct. The flowers of Epiphyllum grandilobum are similar but the stem morphology is quite different. Relationships and generic limits in the tribe Hylocereeae have long been unclear. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 showed that this species, which was then placed in the genus Epiphyllum, was firmly nested within Disocactus.[4]
From Mexico (Oaxaca & Chiapas) to Honduras. Epiphytic (grows upon another plant) or lithophytic (grows on rocks) in moist or wet forests, sometimes in oak forests. 1.750 m alt. or less.
This species was shown at an exhibition at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden in 1844 and won highest medal for a new introduction. It had been collected in Honduras five years earlier by Georges Ule Skinner and sent to Sir Charles Lemon who flowered it for the first time in 1843. John Lindley thought it to have originated in the island of Antigua. D. crenatus is the only species of Disocactus that has been used in hybridization to any extent. Most of the colored hybrids have mainly Disocactus genes and are perhaps better referred to as Disocactus hybrids rather than epiphyllum hybrids.
It is an easily cultivated, fast growing epiphyte. It needs compost containing plenty of humus and sufficient moisture in summer. Should not be kept under 12 °C (53.5 °F) in winter. Can be grown in semi-shade or full sun. Extra light in the early spring will stimulate budding. Flowers in late spring or early summer.
The cultivar 'Cooperi' resembles D. crenatus subsp. kimnachii, differing only in having the outer petals at the apex of the tube. It was originally reported that 'Cooperi' was a hybrid involving Selenicereus, and Clive Innes stated that he "re-made" the cross between D. crenatus and Selenicereus grandiflorus, obtaining several plants identical with 'Cooperi'. However, it was shown in 1997 that this was not correct, DNA analysis showing no evidence of Selenicereus.[5]
Disocactus crenatus, the crenate orchid cactus, is a species of cactus and one of the most important parent plant in creating the epiphyllum hybrids commonly cultivated throughout the world. It is cultivated for its large white flowers.
Epiphyllum crenatum es una especie de cactus epifito cultivado por sus bellas flores diurnas. Además, es el progenitor más importante de todos los híbridos de Epiphyllum que se cultivan en todo el mundo.
E. crenatum subsp. crenatum tiene tallo erecto a ascendente y profusamente ramificado; los tallos primarios se estrechan en ambas puntas o son tri-angulados en la parte basal, lignificándose con la edad, el resto del segmento es plano. Los tallos secundarios también son planos y miden unos 60 cm de largo por 6-10 cm de ancho, rígidos y más bien suculentos.
Hojas lanceoladas a lineares, obtusas o agudas, con un nervio medio bastante grueso, márgenes profundos o toscamente crenados y lóbulos oblicuos; las areolas en las bases de los tallos pueden tener pelos o pequeñas cerdas, los entrenudos pueden ser estrechos o anchos. La epidermis es verde o casi verde grisácea y lisa. Las fragantes flores miden 18-29 cm de largo y (10 -) 15 - 20 cm de ancho, son nocturnas, pero permanecen abiertas durante varios días. Pericarpio penta-angulado de 3 cm de largo, 1,5-1,7 cm de espesor, con agudas bracteolas que tienen entre 0-2 (-8) espinas verdes de 7 mm de largo. El fruto es oblongo a globoso.
E. crenatum subsp. Kimnachii difiere de la variedad 'crenatum' en los tallos de 4-6 cm de ancho, lóbulos generalmente semicirculares; pericarpio cilíndrico y en sección transversal; con bracteolas con 6 (0-20) espinas de 12 mm de largo; los tépalos exteriores generalmente insertos a 4-8 cm del ápice del tubo; el fruto es globoso.
Se distribuye por El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y México, en Chiapas, Oaxaca y Veracruz, con registros probablemente válidos de Tabasco.[2]
Es una epifita (crece sobre otras plantas) o litofita (crece sobre rocas) en bosques húmedos o nublados, a veces en bosques de robles, a altitudes de 1330 a 2500 msnm.
Epiphyllum crenatum fue descrita por (Lindl.) G.Don y publicado en An Encyclopaedia of Plants (new edition, 1855) 1378. 1855.[3]
Epiphyllum: nombre genérico que deriva de las palabras griegas epi = "sobre" y phyllum = "hojas".
crenatum: epíteto latino que significa "mellado, con muescas".[4]
Esta especie se presentó en 1844 en una exposición de la Real Sociedad de Horticultura y obtuvo el galardón más alto como nueva especie introducida. Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule la había recolectado cinco años antes en Honduras y se la envió a Sir Charles Lemon, quien consiguió que floreciera por primera vez en 1843. Lindley pensaba que procedía de la isla de Antigua.
E. crenatum es la única especie de Epiphyllum que se ha utilizado en alguna medida en hibridación. La mayoría de los híbridos de color tienen genes de Disocactus y quizás fuera mejor denominarlos híbridos de Disocactus que de Epiphyllum.
Epiphyllum crenatum es una especie de cactus epifito cultivado por sus bellas flores diurnas. Además, es el progenitor más importante de todos los híbridos de Epiphyllum que se cultivan en todo el mundo.
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