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Distribution

provided by EOL authors
Combretum imberbe occurs quite broadly from tropical Africa southward to Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, the north of South Africa and eastern Swaziland, and marginally into the north part of KwaZulu-Natal.
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Derivation of specific name

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
imberbe: beardless, referring to the hairless leaves
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Combretum imberbe Wawra Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=141940
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Medium to large deciduous tree. Bark pale to dark grey, deeply fissured lengthwise with irregular horizontal cracks; young stems with spine-like opposite branchlets. Leaves elliptic to obovate, often on short, spine-like lateral shoots, grey-green above, hairless, but covered in whitish scales beneath. Flowers in slender axillary spikes, creamy-yellow, sweetly scented. Fruits 4-winged, usually less than 1.5 cm, pale yellowish-green even when ripe.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Combretum imberbe Wawra Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=141940
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Frequency

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Frequent
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Combretum imberbe Wawra Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=141940
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Worldwide distribution

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
From Tanzania to Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Combretum imberbe Wawra Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=141940
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Hardekool ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Hardekool (Combretum imberbe) is 'n boom wat wydverspreid voorkom in die bosveld en langs riviere of droë waterweë noord van die 26° breedtegraad. Die boom wissel in grootte, van klein tot baie groot. Die diep gesplete bas van die boom is kenmerkend. Die blare is grysgroen en word gedra aan klein takkies met dorings aan hulle punte. Die hout is van die swaarste timmerhout maar word min gebruik omrede dit so moeilik verwerk. Voordat metaal beskikbaar was, is skoffellemme van die hout gemaak.

Sien ook

Bronne

Eksterne skakels

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Hardekool: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Hardekool (Combretum imberbe) is 'n boom wat wydverspreid voorkom in die bosveld en langs riviere of droë waterweë noord van die 26° breedtegraad. Die boom wissel in grootte, van klein tot baie groot. Die diep gesplete bas van die boom is kenmerkend. Die blare is grysgroen en word gedra aan klein takkies met dorings aan hulle punte. Die hout is van die swaarste timmerhout maar word min gebruik omrede dit so moeilik verwerk. Voordat metaal beskikbaar was, is skoffellemme van die hout gemaak.

 src= Rue baspatroon  src= Grysgroen loof  src= Gekerfde Portugese kruis op 'n ou boom by Letaba  src= Hardkoolbome – Bosveld, olie op doek, 1944
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Combretum imberbe ( Azerbaijani )

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Combretum imberbe (lat. Combretum imberbe) - kombretkimilər fəsiləsinin kombretum cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə

Inula britannica.jpeg İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.
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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

provided by wikipedia AZ

Combretum imberbe (lat. Combretum imberbe) - kombretkimilər fəsiləsinin kombretum cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Combretum imberbe ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Combretum imberbe és una espècie de planta, un arbre semi-caducifoli de la família de les Combretàcies, que es troba a la província de KwaZulu-Natal a Sud-àfrica al sud i fins a Tanzània al nord.

Descripció

 src=
Tronc
 src=
Visió més pròxima del tronc.

Normalment creix fins als 20 metres d'alçada. Té una copa estesa, més aviat poc densa, essent aquesta des d'arrodonida a amb forma de para-sol, amb el tronc gruixut i una escorça distintiva que es divideix en blocs bastant regulars i rectangulars. La datació per radiocarboni, feta a Sud-àfrica, ha establert que aquest arbre pot viure fins als 1040±70 anys i, subseqüentment, romandre dempeus per anys després que hagi ha mort.

Usos

  • La fusta és molt dura, difícil de treballar, i resistent als tèrmits. Va ser una vegada usada per dorments de ferrocarril i ara és apreciada per a treballs ornamentals i de mobles.
  • Es crema molt lentament amb intensa calor, i és sovint usada per a produir foc el qual es pretén que duri tota la nit per mantenir els animals salvatges acorralats. A vegades és usada en una graellada per a proveir una flama candent i de llarga durada.
  • Les seves cendres blanques són usades per a pintar les parets de les barraques de kraal.
  • Les cendres poden ser usades com a pasta de dents quan se les barreja amb una pasta amb aigua.

Els hereros i els ovambos de Namíbia consideren aquest arbre com el gran ancestre de tots els animals i persones, i mai passen per ell sense pagar el seu necessari respecte.

Referències

  1. «Combretum imberbe» a The Plant List. Data consulta: 09 de juny de 2014.

Bibliografia

  • «Combretum imberbe». PlantzAfrika. [Consulta: 26 gener 2010].
  • Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Combretum imberbe Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata  src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Combretum imberbe és una espècie de planta, un arbre semi-caducifoli de la família de les Combretàcies, que es troba a la província de KwaZulu-Natal a Sud-àfrica al sud i fins a Tanzània al nord.

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Combretum imberbe

provided by wikipedia EN

Combretum imberbe (also known as leadwood or mhoba-hoba, Afrikaans: hardekool, Sotho: mohwelere-tšhipi, Tsonga: motswiri/mondzo, Zulu: impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree[1] has a sparse, semi-deciduous canopy of grey-green leaves. The twigs and leaves are hairless as the name imberbe suggests. Its heartwood is dark brown, close-grained, and very hard and heavy, as suggested by its vernacular name.[2] The durable heartwood is much sought after in the woodcarving industry. The Hereros and Ovambos of Namibia attach special cultural and religious significance to the tree,[2] as to them it is the great ancestor of all animals and people, which must be passed with respect.

Range

It is native to the mesic savannas of Africa south of the equator, from KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, in the south to Tanzania in the north. It is a native tree in South Africa, eSwatini, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia and Tanzania. It is a protected tree in South Africa.[3]

Description

A cross carved by 1860s travellers, as it appears 150 years later
The distinctively coarse, granulated bark

The largest bushwillow species of southern Africa[2] has a distinct habit and features. It has a spreading, rather sparse, roundish to slightly umbrella-shaped crown. The smallish, grey-green leaves and small, yellowish-green samaras are carried on spiny, attenuate branchlets.[4]

It typically grows 7 metres (23 ft) to 15 metres (49 ft) tall,[2] but may reach 20 metres (66 ft). In maturity the single, solid bole may be up 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in diameter. The distinctive bark is pale to dark grey in colour, deeply fissured lengthwise.[1] Irregular horizontal cracks infuse the bark a fairly regular, coarse-grained appearance.

Radiocarbon dating, done in South Africa, has established that a leadwood tree can live up to 1070 ± 40 years.[5] A tree can remain standing for many years after it has died.

Uses

  • The wood is dense and very hard, difficult to plane, but drills, sands and turns well. It is termite resistant. It was once used for railway sleepers and is now prized for ornamental work and furniture.
  • It burns very slowly with intense heat, and is often used for a fire which is intended to burn all night in order to keep wild animals at bay. It is sometimes used in a barbecue to provide a hot, long-lasting flame.
  • The ashes are used as whitewash for painting walls of kraal huts.
  • The ashes can also be used as toothpaste when mixed into a paste with water.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c Hyde, M.; et al. "Combretum imberbe Wawra". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Herrmann, E.; et al. "A Collation and Overview of research information on Combretum imberbe (Combretaceae)" (PDF). daff.gov.za. Department of Water affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  3. ^ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  4. ^ De Winter, B. & M.; Killick, D. J. B. (1966). Sixty-Six Transvaal Trees. National Tree List for South Africa. pp. 122–123.
  5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-05-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary

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Combretum imberbe (also known as leadwood or mhoba-hoba, Afrikaans: hardekool, Sotho: mohwelere-tšhipi, Tsonga: motswiri/mondzo, Zulu: impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree has a sparse, semi-deciduous canopy of grey-green leaves. The twigs and leaves are hairless as the name imberbe suggests. Its heartwood is dark brown, close-grained, and very hard and heavy, as suggested by its vernacular name. The durable heartwood is much sought after in the woodcarving industry. The Hereros and Ovambos of Namibia attach special cultural and religious significance to the tree, as to them it is the great ancestor of all animals and people, which must be passed with respect.

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Combretum imberbe ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Combretum imberbe Wawra 1860, el semi-caducifolio árbol de plomo se encuentra desde la provincia de KwaZulu-Natal en Sudáfrica en el sur hasta Tanzania en el norte.

 src=
Vista del tronco
 src=
Corteza de Combretum imberbe

Descripción

Normalmente crece hasta 20 metros de altura. El árbol de plomo tiene una copa extendida, más bien poco densa, de redondeada a forma de sombrilla, el tronco grueso, con un a corteza distintiva que se divide en bloques bastante regular rectangular. Datación por radiocarbono, hecha en Sudáfrica, ha establecido que el árbol de plomo puede vivir hasta 1040 +/-70 años y subsecuentemente permanecer de pie por años después de que el árbol ha muerto.

Usos

  • La madera es muy dura, difícil de trabajar, y resistente a las termitas. Fue una vez usada para durmientes de ferrocarril y ahora es apreciada apara trabajos ornamentales y mueblería.
  • Se quema muy lentamente con intenso calor, y es con frecuencia usada para producir fuego el cual se pretende que dure toda la noche para mantener a los animales salvajes acorralados. A veces es usada en una parrillada para proveer una llama candente y de larga duración.
  • Sus cenizas blancas son usadas como para pintar las paredes de las chozas de kraal.
  • Las cenizas pueden ser usadas como pasta de dientes cuando se le mezcla con una pasta con agua.

Los hereros y los ovambos de Namibia consideran al árbol de plomo como el gran ancestro de todos los animales y personas y nunca pasan por el sin pagar su necesario respeto.

Taxonomía

Combretum imberbe fue descrita por Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee y publicado en Sitzungsber. Acad. Wien, Math.-Nat. xxxviii. (1860) 556.[1]

Sinonimia
  • Argyrodendron petersii Klotzsch
  • Combretum petersii (Klotzsch) Engl.
  • Combretum primigenum Marloth ex Engl.
  • Combretum truncatum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson[2]

Referencias

  1. «Combretum imberbe». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2013.
  2. Combretum imberbe en PlantList

Bibliografía

  • «Combretum imberbe». PlantzAfrika. Consultado el 26 de enero de 2010.
  • Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).

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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Combretum imberbe Wawra 1860, el semi-caducifolio árbol de plomo se encuentra desde la provincia de KwaZulu-Natal en Sudáfrica en el sur hasta Tanzania en el norte.

 src= Vista del tronco  src= Corteza de Combretum imberbe
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Combretum imberbe ( French )

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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary ( French )

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Combretum imberbe est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Combretaceae.

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Combretum imberbe ( Vietnamese )

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Combretum imberbe là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Trâm bầu. Loài này được Heinrich Wawra mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1860.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Combretum imberbe. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


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Combretum imberbe: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Combretum imberbe là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Trâm bầu. Loài này được Heinrich Wawra mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1860.

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Свинцовое дерево ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Порядок: Миртоцветные
Семейство: Комбретовые
Подсемейство: Комбретовые
Подтриба: Combretinae
Вид: Свинцовое дерево
Международное научное название

Combretum imberbe Wawra (1860)

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ITIS 895370NCBI 507408EOL 5427058GRIN t:11043IPNI 170163-1TPL kew-2732678

Combretum imberbe — древесное растение, вид рода Комбретум (Combretum) семейства Комбретовые (Combretaceae). Английское общеупотребительное название растения — Leadwood («свинцовое дерево»).

Растение отличается очень плотной древесиной — её плотность составляет около 1235 кг на кубометр.

Распространено в Танзании, Мозамбике, ЮАР. Встречается редко, находится под защитой.

Использование

  • Из-за плотной древесины, ранее использовалось в качестве железнодорожных шпал.
  • Процесс горения очень медленный. Часто использовалось в качестве топлива для ночного огня, отпугивающего животных.
  • Пепел использовался для краски домов.
  • Также пепел, смешанный с водой, использовался в качестве зубной пасты

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Свинцовое дерево: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Combretum imberbe — древесное растение, вид рода Комбретум (Combretum) семейства Комбретовые (Combretaceae). Английское общеупотребительное название растения — Leadwood («свинцовое дерево»).

Растение отличается очень плотной древесиной — её плотность составляет около 1235 кг на кубометр.

Распространено в Танзании, Мозамбике, ЮАР. Встречается редко, находится под защитой.

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