Liriomyza

Figures 1–7.Life history of two new species of Liriomyza. 1–3 Habitats 1 Open area in a valley near Reserva Biológica Manuel Alberto Brenes in San Ramón (site 2). Arrows indicate Bocconia frutescens trees 2 Bocconia frutescens saplings (in circle) growing along the road after land slides caused by 2009 earthquake in Cinchona-Vara Blanca area (site 10) 3 Ornamental Bocconia frutescens tree (in middle) in urban area of San Isidro de Coronado (site 15) 4 Liriomyza mystica female (from site 5) 5 Liriomyza prompta female (from site 13) 6 Mating couple of Liriomyza prompta on the underside of Bocconia frutescens leaf at 7:00 am (30.v.2009, site 13) 7 Liriomyza prompta ovipositing on the upper side of Bocconia frutescens leaf blade at 3:00 pm (17.vi.2011, site 2).

Figures 8–11.External morphology of adult Liriomyza mystica. 8 Head, lateral 9 Head, dorso-frontal 10 Thorax, dorsal 11 Thorax, dorsal (teneral specimen).

Figures 20–27.Life history of Liriomyza mystica larvae on Bocconia frutescens. 20–22 External evidence caused by internal larval feeding on vein and petiole 20 Brown to reddish brown spots (ca. 1–2 mm long) on upperside along primary vein, marked by rectangular line. Arrow indicates Liriomyza prompta mine 21 Pale brown linear spots along the primary vein seen through strong sunlight from the back. Note that lower part of vein (underside) is thicker and shown as shadow 22 Mine in pale colour zigzag, approximately 30 mm long 23 Longitudinally opened primary vein with linear mine (circle) and late instar larva (arrow) 24 Late instar larva in situ, ventral view. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton on right. Notice orange spot at head 25 Mature larva exiting from underside of vein (arrow). Close-up view, lower right. Notice orange spot at head 26 Exit hole (ca. 1 mm wide) on underside of primary vein 27 Mature larva in pre-puparial stage. Posterior on right.

Figures 48–51.Life history of two new species of Liriomyza. 48 Puparium of Liriomyza mystica, in situ 49 Puparium of Liriomyza prompta, in situ 50 Pupa of Pteromaline parasitoid wasp (sp. 01) inside Bocconia frutescens leaf vein parenchyma 51 Braconid parasitoid wasp, most likely Opius sp., attempting to oviposit in mature Liriomyza prompta larva at site 13.

Figures 28–31.External morphology of adult Liriomyza prompta. 28 Head, lateral 29 Head, lateral (variation of eye colour) 30 Head, dorsal 31 Thorax, dorsal.

Figures 12–15.Male genitalia of Liriomyza mystica. 12 Phallus, lateral 13 Phallus, ventral (see text for lines ‘a’ and ‘b’) 14, 15 Ejaculatory apodeme.

Figures 16–19.Larval characters of Liriomyza mystica. 16 Posterior spiracles 17 Posterior spiracle (close-up) 18 Anterior spiracle (note angle of view is different from Fig. 38) 19 Cephalopharyngeal skeleton.

Figures 1–7.Life history of two new species of Liriomyza. 1–3 Habitats 1 Open area in a valley near Reserva Biológica Manuel Alberto Brenes in San Ramón (site 2). Arrows indicate Bocconia frutescens trees 2 Bocconia frutescens saplings (in circle) growing along the road after land slides caused by 2009 earthquake in Cinchona-Vara Blanca area (site 10) 3 Ornamental Bocconia frutescens tree (in middle) in urban area of San Isidro de Coronado (site 15) 4 Liriomyza mystica female (from site 5) 5 Liriomyza prompta female (from site 13) 6 Mating couple of Liriomyza prompta on the underside of Bocconia frutescens leaf at 7:00 am (30.v.2009, site 13) 7 Liriomyza prompta ovipositing on the upper side of Bocconia frutescens leaf blade at 3:00 pm (17.vi.2011, site 2).

Figures 20–27.Life history of Liriomyza mystica larvae on Bocconia frutescens. 20–22 External evidence caused by internal larval feeding on vein and petiole 20 Brown to reddish brown spots (ca. 1–2 mm long) on upperside along primary vein, marked by rectangular line. Arrow indicates Liriomyza prompta mine 21 Pale brown linear spots along the primary vein seen through strong sunlight from the back. Note that lower part of vein (underside) is thicker and shown as shadow 22 Mine in pale colour zigzag, approximately 30 mm long 23 Longitudinally opened primary vein with linear mine (circle) and late instar larva (arrow) 24 Late instar larva in situ, ventral view. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton on right. Notice orange spot at head 25 Mature larva exiting from underside of vein (arrow). Close-up view, lower right. Notice orange spot at head 26 Exit hole (ca. 1 mm wide) on underside of primary vein 27 Mature larva in pre-puparial stage. Posterior on right.

Figures 28–31.External morphology of adult Liriomyza prompta. 28 Head, lateral 29 Head, lateral (variation of eye colour) 30 Head, dorsal 31 Thorax, dorsal.

Figures 40–47.Life history of Liriomyza prompta larva on Bocconia frutescens leaves 40 Leaf mines on upperside of mature, but relatively small leaf. Note that there are both single (narrow linear) and gregarious (blotch) mines 41 Active single larval mine at site 17. Note that early part of the mine becomes brown 42 Close-up of active mine with 7 larvae, seen with transmitted light (arrows indicate groups of late instar larvae): 2, 4, and 1 larvae from left to right). Early part of mine brown. Frass in dark green to black linear dots 43 Close-up of middle arrow area of Figure 42, arrow indicates four actively mining larvae. Notice four orange spots 44 Same as Figure 43, but without transmitted light 45 Close-up of actively mining late instar larva. Arrow indicates cephalopharyngeal skeleton 46 Exit holes (arrows), approximately 1.2 mm wide, near or at end of mine 47 Mature larva recently exited from mine. Posterior on right.

Figures 48–51.Life history of two new species of Liriomyza. 48 Puparium of Liriomyza mystica, in situ 49 Puparium of Liriomyza prompta, in situ 50 Pupa of Pteromaline parasitoid wasp (sp. 01) inside Bocconia frutescens leaf vein parenchyma 51 Braconid parasitoid wasp, most likely Opius sp., attempting to oviposit in mature Liriomyza prompta larva at site 13.

Figures 32–35.Male genitalia of Liriomyza prompta. 32 Phallus, lateral 33 Phallus, ventral (see text for lines ‘a’ and ‘b’) 34, 35 Ejaculatory apodeme.

Figures 36–39.Larval characters of Liriomyza prompta. 36 Posterior spiracles 37 Posterior spiracle (close-up) 38 Anterior spiracle (note angle of view is different from Fig. 18) 39 Cephalopharyngeal skeleton.