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Cyphostemma

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Description

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Erect, prostrate or climbing perennial herbs or shrubs. Tendrils opposite the leaves or 0. Stipules present. Leaves digitately 3-9-foliolate, rarely simple and entire or lobed. Inflorescences of leaf-opposed or axillary corymbose cymes. Flowers 4-merous. Fl. bud cylindric to flask-shaped, constricted at or near the middle. Petals hooded at the apex, becoming reflexed after flowering. Disk divided into 4 ± fleshy glands. Style simple. Fruit usually with 1 seed.
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Cyphostemma Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=929
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Flora of Zimbabwe

Cyphostemma

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyphostemma is a flowering plant genus in the family Vitaceae, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These species are caudiciform and used to belong to the genus Cissus.[1] The genus name comes from Greek kyphos, meaning hump, and stemma, meaning garland.

Within the Vitaceae, Cyphostemma is most closely related to Cayratia and Tetrastigma.[2] All species of Cyphostemma were once included in the genus Cissus but are now considered to be distinct.[3]

Distribution

They originate from Northeast Africa to southern Arabia,[3] in particular from Madagascar through to Indochina.

Species

The largest species in the genus is the so-called "Mauritian Baobab" (Cyphostemma mappia), a case of "island gigantism".
Cyphostemma berries, here on Cyphostemma bainesii
Cyphostemma laza in cultivation
  1. C. abercornense Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  2. C. adamii Desc.
  3. C. adenanthum (Fresen.) Desc.
  4. C. adenocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  5. C. adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  6. C. adenocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  7. C. adenopodum (Sprague) Desc.
  8. C. agnus-castus (Planch.) Desc.
  9. C. allophyloides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  10. C. alnifolium (Schweinf. ex Planch.) Desc.
  11. C. amplexicaule Desc.
  12. C. anatomicum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  13. C. ankirihitrensis Desc.
  14. C. auriculata (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  15. C. auriculatum (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  16. C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  17. C. bambuseti (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  18. C. barbosae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  19. C. betiforme (Chiov.) Vollesen
  20. C. bidgoodiae Verdc.
  21. C. biternatum (Baker) Desc.
  22. C. boranense Vollesen
  23. C. bororense (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  24. C. braunii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  25. C. brieyi (De Wild.) Compère
  26. C. buchananii (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  27. C. bullatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  28. C. burgeri Vollesen
  29. C. cabui (Dewit) Desc.
  30. C. camerounense Desc.
  31. C. chevalieri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  32. C. chloroleucum (Welw.ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  33. C. chrysadenium (Gilg) Desc.
  34. C. cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  35. C. congestum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  36. C. congoense (auct.) Desc.
  37. C. connivens (Lam.) Desc.
  38. C. conradsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  39. C. cornigera Desc.
  40. C. cornus-africani Thulin
  41. C. crassiusculum (Baker) Desc.
  42. C. crinitum (Planch.) Desc.
  43. C. cristigera Desc.
  44. C. crithmifolium (Chiov.) Desc.
  45. C. crotalarioides (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  46. C. cryptoglandulosum Verdc.
  47. C. cuneatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  48. C. currorii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  49. C. curvipodum (Baker) Desc.
  50. C. cymosum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
  51. C. cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  52. C. dasycarpum Verdc.
  53. C. dasypleurum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  54. C. decurrens (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  55. C. degraeri (Dewit) Desc.
  56. C. delphinensis Desc.
  57. C. dembianensis (Chiov.) Vollesen
  58. C. descoingsii Lavie
  59. C. desenfansii (Dewit) Desc.
  60. C. digitatum (Forssk.) Desc.
  61. C. duparquettii (Planch.) Desc.
  62. C. dysocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  63. C. echinocarpa Desc.
  64. C. egregium (Gilg) Desc.
  65. C. elephantopus Desc.
  66. C. elisabethvilleanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  67. C. eminii (Gilg) Desc.
  68. C. engleri (Gilg) Desc.
  69. C. erythreae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  70. C. erythrocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  71. C. feddeanum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  72. C. flavicans (Baker) Desc.
  73. C. flaviflorum (Sprague) Desc.
  74. C. fragariifolium (Bojer ex Planch.) Desc.
  75. C. fugosioides (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  76. C. gigantophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  77. C. gillettii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
  78. C. glandulosissimum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  79. C. glanduloso-pilosa Desc.
  80. C. gracillimum (Werderm.) Desc.
  81. C. grahamii Verdc.
  82. C. grandistipulatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  83. C. graniticum (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  84. C. greenwayi Verdc.
  85. C. greveanum Desc.
  86. C. griseorubrum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  87. C. hardyi Retief
  88. C. haumanii (Dewit) Desc.
  89. C. hereroense (Schinz) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  90. C. heterotrichum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  91. C. hildebrandtii (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  92. C. hispidiflorum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  93. C. homblei (De Wild.) Desc.
  94. C. horombense Desc.
  95. C. huillense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  96. C. humile (N.E.Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  97. C. hypargyreum (Gilg) Desc.
  98. C. hypoleucum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  99. C. jaegeri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  100. C. jiguu Verdc.
  101. C. johannis (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  102. C. juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  103. C. kaniamae (Mullend. ex Dewit) Desc.
  104. C. kapiriense (Dewit) Desc.
  105. C. keilii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  106. C. kibweziense Verdc.
  107. C. kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  108. C. kirkianum (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  109. C. kiwakishiense (Dewit) Desc.
  110. C. knittelii (Gilg) Desc.
  111. C. kundelunguense Malaisse
  112. C. lageniflorum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  113. C. lanigerum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  114. C. laza Desc.
  115. C. leandrii Desc.
  116. C. ledermannii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  117. C. lelyi (Hutch.) Desc.
  118. C. lentianum (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
  119. C. letouzeyanum Desc.
  120. C. leucorufescens Desc.
  121. C. leucotrichum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  122. C. libenii (Dewit) Desc.
  123. C. loandense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  124. C. lovemorei Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
  125. C. luteum (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  126. C. lynesii (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  127. C. macrocarpa Desc.
  128. C. manambovensis Desc.
  129. C. manikense (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  130. C. mannii (Baker) Desc.
  131. C. mappia (Lam.) Galet
  132. C. maranguense (Gilg) Desc.
  133. C. marlothii (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  134. C. marunguense (Dewit) Desc.
  135. C. masukuense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  136. C. megabotrys (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
  137. C. meyeri-johannis (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
  138. C. michelii (Dewit) Desc.
  139. C. micradenium (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  140. C. microdipterum (Baker) Desc.
  141. C. migiurtinorum (Chiov.) Desc.
  142. C. mildbraedii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  143. C. milleri Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  144. C. molle (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  145. C. montagnacii Desc.
  146. C. montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  147. C. muhuluense (Mildbr.) Desc.
  148. C. nanellum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  149. C. natalitium (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  150. C. nigroglandulosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  151. C. niveum (Hochst. ex Schweinf.) Desc.
  152. C. njegerre (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
  153. C. obovato-oblongum (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  154. C. odontadenium (Gilg) Desc.
  155. C. oleraceum (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  156. C. omburense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  157. C. ornatum (A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
  158. C. ouakense Desc.
  159. C. overlaetii (Dewit) Desc.
  160. C. oxyphyllum (A.Rich.) Vollesen
  161. C. pachyanthum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  162. C. pachypus Desc.
  163. C. pannosum Vollesen
  164. C. passargei (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  165. C. paucidentatum (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  166. C. pendulum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
  167. C. perforatum (Louis ex Dewit) Desc.
  168. C. phyllomicron (Chiov.) Desc.
  169. C. pobeguinianum Desc.
  170. C. princeae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  171. C. pruriens (Welw. ex Baker) Desc.
  172. C. pseudoburgeri Verdc.
  173. C. pseudonjegerre (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  174. C. pseudorhodesiae (Dewit) Desc.
  175. C. pseudosesquipedale Verdc.
  176. C. pseudoupembaense (Dewit) Desc.
  177. C. puberulum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  178. C. pumilum Desc.
  179. C. quinatum (Dryand.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  180. C. rhodesiae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  181. C. richardsiae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  182. C. ringoetii (De Wild.) Desc.
  183. C. rivae (Gilg) Desc.
  184. C. robsonii Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  185. C. robynsii (Dewit) Desc.
  186. C. roseiglandulosum Desc.
  187. C. rotundistipulatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  188. C. rowlandii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  189. C. ruacanense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  190. C. rubroglandulosum Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
  191. C. rubromarginatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  192. C. rubrosetosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  193. C. rupicola (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  194. C. rutilans Desc.
  195. C. sakalavensis Desc.
  196. C. sanctuarium-selousii Verdc.
  197. C. sarcospathulum (Chiov.) Desc.
  198. C. saxicola (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  199. C. saxicolum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  200. C. scarlatinum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  201. C. schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  202. C. schlechteri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  203. C. schliebenii (Mildbr.) Desc.
  204. C. segmentatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  205. C. seitzianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  206. C. septemfoliatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  207. C. serjanioides (Planch.) Desc.
  208. C. serpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  209. C. sesquipedale (Gilg) Desc.
  210. C. sessilifolium (Dewit) Desc.
  211. C. setosum (Roxb.) Alston
  212. C. shinyangense Verdc.
  213. C. simplicifolium A.Björnstad
  214. C. simulans (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  215. C. sokodense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  216. C. spinosopilosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  217. C. stefanianum (Chiov.) Desc.
  218. C. stefaninianum (Chiov.) Desc.
  219. C. stegosaurus Verdc.
  220. C. stenolobum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  221. C. stenopodum (Gilg ex Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  222. C. stipulaceum (Baker) Desc.
  223. C. strigosum (Dewit) Desc.
  224. C. subciliatum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  225. C. sulcatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  226. C. taborense Verdc.
  227. C. tenuissimum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  228. C. ternatomultifidum (Chiov.) Desc.
  229. C. ternatum (Forssk.) Desc.
  230. C. thomasii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  231. C. tisserantii Desc.
  232. C. trachyphyllum (Werderm.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  233. C. trilobata (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
  234. C. triumfettoides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  235. C. tsaratananensis Desc.
  236. C. ukerewense (Gilg) Desc.
  237. C. upembaense (Dewit) Desc.
  238. C. urophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  239. C. uter (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  240. C. uwanda Verdc.
  241. C. vandenbergheae Malaisse & Matamba
  242. C. vandenbrandeanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  243. C. vanderbenii (Dewit) Desc.
  244. C. vanmeelii (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  245. C. vezensis Desc.
  246. C. villosicaule Verdc.
  247. C. villosiglandulosum (Werderm.) Desc.
  248. C. violaceoglandulosum (Gilg) Desc.
  249. C. viscosum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  250. C. vogelii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  251. C. vollesenii Verdc.
  252. C. waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc.
  253. C. wilmsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  254. C. wittei (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  255. C. woodii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  256. C. zanzibaricum Verdc.
  257. C. zechianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  258. C. zimmermannii Verdc.
  259. C. zombense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
List sources :[4][5][6]

References

  1. ^ a b "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
  2. ^ Soejima, A.; Wen, J. (2006), "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers", American Journal of Botany, 93 (2): 278–87, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.278, PMID 21646189
  3. ^ a b G., Miller, Anthony (1988). Plants of Dhofar, the southern region of Oman : traditional, economic, and medicinal uses. Morris, Miranda., Stuart-Smith, Susanna., Oman. Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment. [Muscat]: Prepared and published by the Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. ISBN 978-071570808-8. OCLC 20798112.
  4. ^ Flora of Zimbabwe
  5. ^ Grubben, G. J. H. Vegetables. PROTA. 2004.
  6. ^ NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at theplantlist.org for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at theplantlist that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston subordinate taxa". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.

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wikipedia EN

Cyphostemma: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyphostemma is a flowering plant genus in the family Vitaceae, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These species are caudiciform and used to belong to the genus Cissus. The genus name comes from Greek kyphos, meaning hump, and stemma, meaning garland.

Within the Vitaceae, Cyphostemma is most closely related to Cayratia and Tetrastigma. All species of Cyphostemma were once included in the genus Cissus but are now considered to be distinct.

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