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Felinae

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Felinae

provided by wikipedia EN

The Felinae are a subfamily of the family Felidae. This subfamily comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.[2]

Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily: as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini; thus excluding all fossil cat species.[3][4]

Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid.[5] They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]

Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis.[9] In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.[5]

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]

Extinct taxa

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[54][55][2]

Felinae Felinae Domestic cat lineage Felis

Felis catus (domestic cat) Felis obscura - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - (white background).jpg

Felis lybica (African wildcat) Felis caligata - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Felis bieti (Chinese mountain cat) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Felis silvestris (European wildcat) Anatomie descriptive et comparative du chat (1845) Pl-I (white background & colourised).jpg

†Felis lunensis (Martelli's cat)

Felis margarita (Sand cat)

Felis nigripes (Black-footed cat) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Felis chaus (Jungle cat) Felis chaus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

†Pristifelis

†Pristifelis attica

Leopard cat lineage Prionailurus

Prionailurus bengalensis (Leopard cat) Felis torquata - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Prionailurus javanensis (Sunda leopard cat)

Prionailurus viverrinus (Fishing cat)

Prionailurus planiceps (Flat-headed cat) EN IUCN 3 1.svg

Prionailurus rubiginosus (Rusty-spotted cat)

Otocolobus

Otocolobus manul (Pallas's cat)

Puma lineage Puma

Puma concolor (Cougar) Felis concolor - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

†Puma pardoides (Eurasian puma) De vroeg-pleistocene sabeltandkat, Homotherium crenatidens (2008) Puma pardoides.png

†Puma pumoides

†Miracinonyx

†Miracinonyx inexpectatus

†Miracinonyx trumani

Herpailurus

Herpailurus yagouaroundi (Jaguarundi) Lydekker - Eyra White background.jpg

Acinonyx

Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) Acinonyx jubatus (white background).jpg VU IUCN 3 1.svg

†Acinonyx pardinensis (Giant cheetah)

†Acinonyx aicha

†Acinonyx intermedius

†Sivapanthera

†Sivapanthera brachygnathus

†Sivapanthera pleistocaenicus

†Sivapanthera potens

†Sivapanthera linxiaensis

†Sivapanthera padhriensis

†Sivapanthera arvernensis

Lynx Lynx lineage

Lynx lynx (Eurasian lynx) Евразийская рысь.png

Lynx pardinus (Iberian lynx) EN IUCN 3 1.svg

Lynx canadensis (Canada lynx)

Lynx rufus (Bobcat)

†Lynx issiodorensis (Issoire lynx)

†Lynx rexroadensis

†Lynx thomasi

Leopardus Ocelot lineage

Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot) Felis pardalis - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

Leopardus wiedii (Margay)

Leopardus tigrinus (Oncilla) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Leopardus guigna (Kodkod) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Leopardus geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat)

Leopardus guttulus (Southern tiger cat) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Leopardus colocolo (Pampas cat)

Leopardus jacobita (Andean mountain cat) EN IUCN 3 1.svg

†Leopardus vorohuensis

Caracal lineage Caracal

Caracal caracal (Caracal) Felis caracal - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

Caracal aurata (African golden cat) VU IUCN 3 1.svg

Leptailurus

Leptailurus serval (Serval) Felis serval - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Bay cat lineage Catopuma

Catopuma badia (Bay cat) Chat Bai 1874.jpg EN IUCN 3 1.svg

Catopuma temminckii (Asian golden cat) Felis temmincki (AM LM338-4).jpg

Pardofelis

Pardofelis marmorata (Marbled cat) Pardofelis marmorata (white background).png

†Pratifelis

†Pratifelis martini

†Leptofelis

†Leptofelis vallesiensis

sensu stricto

Pantherinae General zoology, or Systematic natural history (Plate 82) (6302814666).jpg

†Miopanthera

†Miopanthera pamiri

sensu lato

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 11−63.
  3. ^ Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
  4. ^ Werdelin, L. (2013). "Subfamily Felinae − Cats". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. Vol. 5. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 144–210. ISBN 978-1-4081-2251-8.
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Felinae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Felinae are a subfamily of the family Felidae. This subfamily comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.

Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily: as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini; thus excluding all fossil cat species.

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