Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. [2]
Distribution
The distribution of the genus Monacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and Turkey (more than 50 species of Monacha),[3] Georgia, Russia, Arabia, Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).[4] It is not in Armenia.[4]
The greatest diversity of species is in the Pontic region.[4]
Species
Species within the genus Monacha include:[4]
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Monacha albocincta (P. Hesse, 1912)
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Monacha aniliensis P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
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Monacha ascania (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha atacis E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
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Monacha auturica Falkner, 2000
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Monacha badia (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha bithynica (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803)
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Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)
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Monacha carinata (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) - type species
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Monacha cemenelea (Risso, 1826)
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Monacha ciscaucasica (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
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Monacha claussi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
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Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
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Monacha comata (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha compingtae (Pallary, 1929)
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Monacha consona (Rossmässler, 1839)
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Monacha crenophila (L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
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Monacha cretica Hausdorf, 2003
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Monacha crispulata (Mousson, 1861)
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Monacha densecostulata (Retowski, 1886)
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Monacha depressior (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha devrekensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha dirphica (E. von Martens, 1876)
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Monacha dofleini (P. Hesse, 1928)
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Monacha elatior (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha eliae (Nägele, 1906)
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Monacha emigrata (Westerlund, 1894)
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Monacha euboeica (Kobelt, 1877)
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Monacha frequens (Mousson, 1859)
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Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)[5]
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Monacha galatica (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha gemina (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha georgievi (Pall-Gergely, 2010)[6]
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Monacha glareosa (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler, 1839)
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Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hudec, 1973)
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Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886)
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Monacha hemitricha (P. Hesse, 1914)
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Monacha heteromorpha (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha ignorata (O. Boettger, 1905)
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Monacha kuznetsovi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
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Monacha lamalouensis (Reynès, 1870)
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Monacha laxa (Hudec, 1973)
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Monacha leucozona (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha maasseni Hausdorf, 2003
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Monacha magna (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha margarita (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha martensiana (Tiberi, 1869)
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Monacha melitensis (P. Hesse, 1915)
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Monacha menkhorsti (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha merssinae (Mousson, 1874)
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Monacha microtricha S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
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Monacha nordsiecki (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
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Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
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Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[7]
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Monacha orsini (Porro, 1841)
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Monacha oshanovae I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
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Monacha ovularis (Bourguignat, 1855)
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Monacha pamphylica (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879)
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Monacha parumcincta (Menke, 1828)
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Monacha perfrequens (Hesse, 1914)
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Monacha pharmacia (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha phazimonitica (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha pseudorothii Hausdorf, 2003
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Monacha pusilla (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha riedeli (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha rizzae (Aradas, 1844)
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Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914)
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Monacha rothii (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
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Monacha samsunensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
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Monacha saninensis (Pallary, 1939)
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Monacha sedissana (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863)
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Monacha spiroxia spiroxia (Bourguignat, 1868)
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Monacha spiroxia atik (Schutt, 2001)
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Monacha stipulifera (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha subaii (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha subcarthusiana (Lindholm, 1913)
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Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
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Monacha terebrata (Hausdorf, 2000)
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Monacha tibarenica Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
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Monacha venusta (L. Pinter, 1968)
The species Ashfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus Monacha.
- Taxon inquirendum
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Monacha talischana (E. von Martens, 1880)
- Synonyms
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Monacha beieri Klemm, 1962: synonym of Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
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Monacha fallax A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of Monachoides fallax (A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
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Monacha ruffoi Giusti, 1973: synonym of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
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Monacha tschegemica Schileyko, 1988: synonym of Paratheba roseni (Hesse, 1914): synonym of Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)
References
- Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
- Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
- Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
- Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133-147.
