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Brief Summary

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Singleleaf ash (Fraxinus anonala) is a native, deciduous, shrub or small tree ranging from 6.5 to 16.5 feet (2-5 m) tall with a maximum d.b.h (diameter at breast height) of 5 to 7 inches (12.5-17.8 cm) at maturity [10,14,25]. Leaves are simple to compound, and are 1.5 to 2 inches (4-5 cm) long and 1 to 2 inches (3-4 cm) wide. It is found predominantly in the southwestern United States, occurring from southeastern California west to Colorado and south into Texas and northern Mexico [10,14,25]. The fruit is an indehiscent samara (a one or two unopened seeded winged fruit) 0.6 to 1.0 inch (1.5 to 2.5 cm) long and 0.24 to 0.32 inch (6-8 mm) wide. The bark is thin, and divided by shallow fissures into narrow, scaly ridges [10,14,19,25]. In tree form, singleleaf ash typically has a crooked trunk and rounded crown [25].

Common Names

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singleleaf ash
dwarf ash
Fresno ash
Lowell ash
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Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value

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More info for the term: cover

Singleleaf ash is rated good in cover value for mule deer, pronghorn,
upland game birds, and small mammals. It is rated poor for elk and
waterfowl [4].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description

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More info for the terms: fruit, indehiscent, shrub, tree

Singleleaf ash is a native, deciduous, shrub or small tree ranging from
6.5 to 16.5 feet (2-5 m) tall with a maximum d.b.h of 5 to 7 inches
(12.5-17.8 cm) at maturity [10,14,25]. Leaves are simple to compound,
and are 1.5 to 2 inches (4-5 cm) long and 1 to 2 inches (3-4 cm) wide.
The fruit is an indehiscent samara 0.6 to 1.0 inch (1.5 to 2.5 cm) long
and 0.24 to 0.32 inch (6-8 mm) wide. The bark is thin, and divided by
shallow fissures into narrow, scaly ridges [10,14,19,25].

In tree form, singleleaf ash typically has a crooked trunk and rounded
crown [25].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution

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Singleleaf ash is found predominantly in the southwestern United States.
It occurs from southeastern California west to Colorado and south into
Texas and northern Mexico [10,14,25].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Specific information concerning the effects of fire on singleleaf ash is
lacking. It probably sprouts vigorously following fire, as do most
Fraxinus species.

Samaras may remain viable in the soil for several years, making them
important in the colonization of burned sites. Wind-dispersed samaras
may also play an important role in fire ecology.
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

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More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics

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Singleleaf ash grows well on a variety of soil types, ranging from
gravel to clay loams. It occurs more often on poorly-developed soils
with 0.5 to 2.0 percent organic matter content [18]. Sites are
typically dry canyons or gulches with full exposure to sunlight and
range from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (910-3,300 m) elevation [14].
Singleleaf ash also colonizes talus slopes, dry hillsides, and alluvial
deposits [12,16,25].

Common plant associates of singleleaf ash include skunkbush sumac (Rhus
trilobata), desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii), Arizona rosewood
(Vequelinia californica), desert barberry (Mahonia fremontii),
chokecherry (Prunus virginianus), and mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus
spp.) [7,18].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types

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This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

66 Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
68 Mesquite
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
240 Arizona cypress
241 Western live oak
242 Mesquite
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cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem

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This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations

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This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: cactus, shrub, woodland

K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K027 Mesquite bosques (Prosopis)
K031 Oak - juniper woodlands
K032 Transition between K031 and K037
K033 Chaparral
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush - bursage
K043 Paloverde - cactus shrub
K044 Creosotebush - tarbush
K058 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
K071 Shinnery
K085 Mesquite - buffalograss
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Fire likely top-kills singleleaf ash.
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: stratification

Singleleaf ash seeds may be sown in fall without stratification or sown
in the spring after stratification [3].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Singleleaf ash is rated poor in nutritional value for waterfowl, upland
game birds, small nongame birds, small mammals, white-tailed deer, and
elk. It is rated fair for mule deer [4].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America

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AZ CA CO NV NM TX UT MEXICO
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: natural

Singleleaf ash has potential for use as an ornamental within its
natural range [12].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability

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In Utah, singleleaf ash is rated poor in palatability for cattle and
horses and fair for domestic sheep [4].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology

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Singleleaf ash flowers from April to May [14]. Flowers usually appear
either before or with leaves [12].
license
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: root crown, top-kill

Most ash species sprout from the root crown after top-kill
by fire or logging [1,9,17,21]. Singleleaf ash likely responds
in such a manner.
license
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: ground residual colonizer, root crown, root sucker, shrub

Tree with adventitious-bud root crown/soboliferous species root sucker
Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: epigeal, litter, root crown, stratification

Sexual: Singleleaf ash samaras are mature by late summer or fall and
are dispersed by wind shortly thereafter. Samaras are dormant,
requiring warm, then cold stratification. Germination is epigeal and
may occur the spring following dispersal. Samaras, however, can remain
viable in leaf litter or humus for several years [3].

Vegetative: Most ash species sprout from the root crown after logging
or fire has removed aboveground portions of the plant [1,9,17,21]. It
is probable that singleleaf ash responds in such a manner.
license
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States

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This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

7 Lower Basin and Range
12 Colorado Plateau
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status

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Singleleaf ash is shade intolerant [19].
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The scientific name of singleleaf ash is Fraxinus
anomala Torr. ex. Wats [11,13,14,24]. There are 2
varieties [24]:

Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S. Watson, singleleaf ash
Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S. Watson var. lowellii (Sarg.) Little, Lowell ash
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bibliographic citation
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Einblättrige Esche ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Die Einblättrige Esche (Fraxinus anomala) ist ein Strauch oder Laubbaum aus den Vereinigten Staaten.

Beschreibung

Die Einblättrige Esche ist ein Strauch oder kleiner, rundkroniger Laubbaum, der eine Höhe von 8 Metern erreichen kann. Die Zweige sind scharf vierkantig, die Endknospen sind bräunlich behaart. Die Blätter sind oft einfach, selten sind einzelne Blätter zusammengesetzt aus drei bis fünf Blättchen. Die Blättchen sind breit eiförmig bis fast kreisrund, 2 bis 5 Zentimeter lang, abgerundet oder kurz zugespitzt mit breit keilförmiger Basis. Der Blattrand ist ganzrandig oder undeutlich gekerbt. Der Blattstiel ist anfangs behaart. Die Blüten sind zwittrig oder eingeschlechtlich und stehen in kurzen, behaarten, seitenständigen Rispen. Kronblätter fehlen. Die Blüten erscheinen zusammen mit den Blättern im Mai. Als Früchte werden 2 Zentimeter lange, flache Nussfrüchte gebildet, deren Flügelsaum bis zur Basis herabläuft.[1]

Bilder

Verbreitung und Ökologie

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Einblättrigen Esche erstreckt sich von den Rocky Mountains über den Südwesten der Vereinigten Staaten bis nach Kalifornien. Dort findet man sie in Auen und Ufergehölzen auf mäßig trockenen bis frischen, schwach sauren bis stark alkalischen, sandigen, kiesigen oder lehmigen, sehr nährstoffreichen Böden an sonnigen Standorten. Sie ist mäßig frosthart, verträgt jedoch Hitze.[1]

Systematik

Die Einblättrige Esche (Fraxinus anomala) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Eschen (Fraxinus). Dort wird sie der Sektion Dipetalae zugeordnet.[2]

Man kann zwei Varietäten unterscheiden:[3]

  • Fraxinus anomala var. anomala: Sie kommt von den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten bis ins nordwestliche New Mexico vor.[3]
  • Fraxinus anomala var. triphylla M.E.Jones: Sie kommt vom südöstlichen Kalifornien bis ins südwestliche New Mexico vor.[3]

Nachweise

Literatur

  • Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze. Bestimmung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Mit einem Winterschlüssel von Bernd Schulz. 3., korrigierte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6, S. 306.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Roloff et al.: Flora der Gehölze, S. 306
  2. Fraxinus anomala. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2010 (englisch).
  3. a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Fraxinus anomala. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 10. Dezember 2017.

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Einblättrige Esche: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Einblättrige Esche (Fraxinus anomala) ist ein Strauch oder Laubbaum aus den Vereinigten Staaten.

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Fraxinus anomala

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Fraxinus anomala is a species of ash tree known by the common name single-leaf ash. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in a number of habitats including desert scrub and chaparral. It is unusual in the genus in that some (though not all) specimens have simple leaves instead of the pinnate leaves more characteristic of the group.

Description

Fraxinus anomala is a deciduous shrub or small tree approaching maximum heights of five to six meters. The leaf may be simple or it may be compound, composed of up to five leaflets which look like individual leaves. Each leaflet is oval-shaped to round and may have teeth along the edges. The nondescript brownish flowers lack petals. The fruit is a flat samara up to two centimeters long and one wide, green when young and tan to brown when mature. The samaras hang in bunches.

Distribution

In Arizona, singleleaf ash is found along the Arizona transition zone of the Mogollon Rim. In northern Arizona's Grand Canyon, the range extends down the main canyons from southern and southeastern Utah, its major range area, where the Canyon Lands also show the range entering upper reaches of river basins flowing from western ColoradoColorado and Dolores Rivers; also the shorter Yellowjacket and McElmo Rivers in Colorado's extreme southwest.[1] In the Mojave Desert of California it is found in the sky island chaparral and woodland habitats. Minor locales also occur in southern Nevada and southern Wyoming.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 75, Fraxinus anomala". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 4053799.
  2. ^ Biota of North America Program, Fraxinus anomala

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Fraxinus anomala: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Fraxinus anomala is a species of ash tree known by the common name single-leaf ash. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in a number of habitats including desert scrub and chaparral. It is unusual in the genus in that some (though not all) specimens have simple leaves instead of the pinnate leaves more characteristic of the group.

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Fraxinus anomala ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Wats. es una especie de árbol de la familia Oleaceae.

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Vista de la planta.

Hábitat

Es nativo de la zona suroeste de Colorado, Nuevo México en Estados Unidos y el norte de México, donde crece en un amplio número de hábitats incluidos desierto de matorral y chaparral.

Descripción

Es un arbusto o árbol pequeño, caducifolio que alcanza la máxima altura de cinco a seis metros. Las hojas pueden ser simples o puede ser complejas, compuestas por un máximo de cinco alas que parecen hojas individuales. Cada ala es de forma ovalada a redonda, y pueden tener dientes a lo largo de los bordes. El fruto es una sámara plana de hasta dos centímetros de largo y uno de ancho, verde cuando joven y marrón cuando madura. Las sámaras cuelgan en racimos.

Taxonomía

Fraxinus anomala fue descrita por Torr. ex S.Wats. y publicado en United States Geological Expolration (sic) of the Fortieth Parallel. Vol. 5, Botany 283. 1871.[1]

Etimología

Ver: Fraxinus

anomala: epíteto latíno que significa "anómala".[2]

Referencias

  1. «Fraxinus anomala». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 15 de marzo de 2014.
  2. En Epítetos Botánicos

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Fraxinus anomala: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Wats. es una especie de árbol de la familia Oleaceae.

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