^ abCurran, Charles Howard (1941). "New American Syrphidae"(PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 78: 243–304. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
^Skevington, J.H.; Locke, M.M.; Young, A.D.; Moran, K.; Crins, W.J.; Marshall, S.A (2019). Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America. Princeton Field Guides (First ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 512. ISBN9780691189406.
