Comments
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This species is easily recognized by its strongly undulate leaves and aggregated setae.
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Comments
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W. L. Peterson (1979) recorded Dicranum polysetum from Nunavut. It is one of the largest, most conspicuous, and most easily recognized species in the genus in North America. The species is immediately recognized by the large stems, 4-15 cm, with a dense mat of whitish or reddish tomentum, giving the stems a thickened appearance, by the shiny, strongly undulate, wide-spreading leaves with margins strongly toothed in the distal half and by the clustered sporophytes (3-6 per perichaetium). Microscopically, the species is readily distinguished by the elongate, abundantly pitted cells throughout the leaf and by the toothed ridges on the abaxial surface of the costa in the distal part of the leaf. Dicranum polysetum is one of the few species in North America that has no apparent intergradations with any other species of the genus. It is common in southeastern Canada, northeastern United States, and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, where it extends south to Wyoming and Colorado, occurring in both states in a small number of localities. It is rare west of the Rockies, where it is known from only a few localities in northwestern Montana, southern Idaho and northeastern Washington and Oregon.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Plants medium-sized to large, 2–10(–15) cm high, green to yellowish green or golden brown, shiny, in dense tufts. Stems erect or ascending, often branched, densely tomentose nearly throughout. Leaves not much altered or somewhat flexuose when dry, erect-spreading or sometimes irregularly falcate-secund when moist, lanceolate, up to 10 mm long, gradually narrowed from an oblong base to a slender, keeled, usually undulate acumen, apex narrowly acute; margins plane, or slightly recurved on one side below the middle, serrate in the upper half; costa narrow, subpercurrent to percurrent, ridged or lamellate in 2 serruate rows at back above the middle; upper cells short-rectangular, ca. 50 µm × 9 µm, thick-walled, somewhat porose, sometimes mammillose at back; basal cells elongate, linear-rectangular, thick-walled, somewhat porose; alar cells quadrate or hexagonal, inflated, bistratose, thin-walled. Dioicous. Male plants dwarfed, located at lower part of the females. Setae straight, often aggregate, 2–5 per perichaetium, 2.5–4.0 cm long, yellowish, becoming reddish with age, twisted when dry; capsules cylindric, 3–4 mm long, strongly curved, inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, furrowed when dry and empty, not strumose; opercula long-rostrate, 2.5–4.0 mm long; annuli none; stomata present; peristome teeth lanceolate, ca. 0.6 mm long, unequally divided to the middle, brownish or reddish brown, papillose above, vertically striolate below. Spores 19–26 µm in diameter, minutely papillose.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Plants in loose tufts, light green, glossy. Stems 4-15 cm, densely tomentose with whitish or red-dish rhizoids. Leaves erect to spreading, ± flexuose, little changed when dry, strongly undulate, (5.5-)7-9.5(-10.5) × 1-2 mm, lanceolate, concave proximally, keeled above, acute; margins strongly toothed in the distal half; laminae 1-stratose; costa ending before apex, occupying ca. 1/16-1/8 of leaf base, strong, with two toothed ridges distally on abaxial surface, with one row of guide cells, two stereid bands, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, abaxial layer with a few cells enlarged; cell walls between lamina cells not bulging; leaf cells smooth; alar cells 2-stratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa; proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (45-)78-129(-156) × (5-)9-10(-14) µm; distal laminal cells shorter, sinuose, pitted, (42-)64-68(-115) × (4-)9-10(-13)µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous; dwarf male plants on stem rhizoids of female plants; interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing. Seta 1.5-4 cm, usually aggregate, 3-6 per perichaetium, brown or reddish brown. Capsule 2-3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, furrowed when dry, yellowish brown or reddish brown; operculum 2-4 mm. Spores 12-24 µm.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe, North Ameica.
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Habitat
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Habitat: on humic soil in bogs, rocks, or rotten wood.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Dicranum rugosum (Funck) Bridel
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Dicranum undulatum Ehrh. ex Web. & Mohr, Index Mus. Pl. Crypt. 2. 1803, hom. illeg.
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Gewelltblättriges Gabelzahnmoos
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Das Gewelltblättrige Gabelzahnmoos (Dicranum polysetum) ist ein Laubmoos aus der Familie der Dicranaceae.
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Getüpfelte Laminazellen bei 400-facher Vergrößerung
Vorkommen
Dieses Laubmoos besiedelt bevorzugt nährstoffarme, neutral bis schwach saure Torf-, Humus- oder Sandböden. Es ist in Heiden, Moor- oder Kiefernwäldern, seltener auf Silikat- oder Kalkfelsen zu finden. Typische Begleitmoose sind Gewöhnliches Gabelzahnmoos (Dicranum scoparium), Schönes Widertonmoos (Polytrichum formosum), Rotstängelmoos (Pleurozium schreberi), Gemeines Grünstängelmoos (Scleropodium purum) und Heide-Schlafmoos (Hypnum jutlandicum).
Das Gewelltblättrige Gabelzahnmoos ist momentan in Europa durch die Zerstörung von lichtreichen, mageren Gehölzformationen und durch erhöhte Nährstoffeinträge aus der Landwirtschaft und der Luft im Rückgang begriffen. In neuerer Zeit wurden nur noch selten fruchtende Pflanzen beobachtet.
Merkmale
Dicranum polysetum wächst in gelblich-grünen Rasen. Sporogone werden pro Perichaetium meist in kleinen Gruppen bis zu fünft gebildet. Die winzigen männlichen Pflänzchen sind im Rhizoidfilz der weiblichen verborgen. Die weiblichen Pflanzen sind mit einem weit nach oben reichenden, braunen Rhizoidfilz besetzt. Die Blätter sind charakteristisch querwellig, schwach einseitswendig und unregelmäßig gesägt. Die Rippe endet vor der Spitze und hat auf der Unterseite zwei typische hervorstehende Lamellen.
Literatur
Weblinks
– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Gewelltblättriges Gabelzahnmoos: Brief Summary
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Das Gewelltblättrige Gabelzahnmoos (Dicranum polysetum) ist ein Laubmoos aus der Familie der Dicranaceae.
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Dichter Rhizoidfilz
![src=]()
Getüpfelte Laminazellen bei 400-facher Vergrößerung
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Lainjas kaksikhammas
(
Estonian
)
provided by wikipedia ET
Lainjas kaksikhammas (Dicranum polysetum) kaksikhambaliste sugukonda kuuluv sammaltaim.
Lainjas kaksikhammas on hele- või oliivroheline 4–12 cm kõrguse muruna kasvav sammal. Lehed on lantsetja või piklik-ovaalse alusega ja ahenenud ühtlaselt teravaks tipuks.
Eoskuprad mitmekaupa periheetsist. Eosed kahvatukollased, läbimõõduga 12–14 µm, valmivad suve lõpus või sügisel.
Lainjas kaksikhammas kasvab erinevates metsakooslustes, ja rebades maapinnal. Eestis väga sage.[1]
Eesti Punase nimestiku andmetel ohuvälises (8) kategoorias.[2]
Lainja kaksikhamba terava tipuga leht
Viited
-
↑ Nele Ingerpuu. Kai Vellak. Eesti sammalde määraja. Tartu: EPMÜ ZBI Eesti Loodusfoto. 1998. lk 113–117
-
↑ Lainjas kaksikhammas andmebaasis eElurikkus
, 15.10.2013
Välislingid
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Lainjas kaksikhammas: Brief Summary
(
Estonian
)
provided by wikipedia ET
Lainjas kaksikhammas (Dicranum polysetum) kaksikhambaliste sugukonda kuuluv sammaltaim.
Lainjas kaksikhammas on hele- või oliivroheline 4–12 cm kõrguse muruna kasvav sammal. Lehed on lantsetja või piklik-ovaalse alusega ja ahenenud ühtlaselt teravaks tipuks.
Eoskuprad mitmekaupa periheetsist. Eosed kahvatukollased, läbimõõduga 12–14 µm, valmivad suve lõpus või sügisel.
Lainjas kaksikhammas kasvab erinevates metsakooslustes, ja rebades maapinnal. Eestis väga sage.
Eesti Punase nimestiku andmetel ohuvälises (8) kategoorias.
![src=]()
Lainjas kaksikhammas
![src=]()
Lainjas kaksikhammas
![src=]()
Lainja kaksikhamba terava tipuga leht
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Kangaskynsisammal
(
Finnish
)
provided by wikipedia FI
Kangaskynsisammal (Dicranum polysetum) on pystykasvuinen ja tanakka sammallaji. Kangaskynsisammal kuuluu Dicranaceae -heimoon ja kynsisammalten sukuun.
Tuntomerkit
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Kangaskynsisammalta mikroskooppisesti katsottuna
Kangaskynsisammal kasvaa noin 4–15 senttimetriä korkeaksi. Vaalea tai ruskehtava juurtumahapsisto peittää varren ylös asti. Lehdet ovat kellan- tai vaaleanvihreät, suorat ja harittavat. Ne kasvavat noin 7–10 mm pitkiksi ja suoriksi, eivät kynsimäisiksi, kuten monilla muilla kynsisammalilla on tapana kasvaa. Lehdissä on vankka keskisuoni ja ne ovat etenkin kuivina voimakkaasti poikittaisryppyiset.
Mikroskooppiset tuntomerkit
Kangaskynsisammalen lehtisolut ovat sileät. Sillä on kaksinkertaiset tyvinurkkasolut, jotka eivät ulotu keskisuoneen. Solut pitkulaiset lehden keskiosassa, lehden kärkiosassa solut ovat taas lyhyemmät ja mutkalaitaiset.
Levinneisyys
Kangaskynsisammalta kasvaa koko Suomessa, mutta pohjoisessa niukemmin. Maailmalla sitä kasvaa pohjoisella pallonpuoliskolla.
Elinympäristö
Kangaskynsisammalta kasvaa tuoreissa ja kuivissa kangasmetsissä ja korvissa humuksella, hiekkamaalla, lahoilla puilla, kivillä ja kallioilla.
Lähteet
Aiheesta muualla
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Kangaskynsisammal: Brief Summary
(
Finnish
)
provided by wikipedia FI
Kangaskynsisammal (Dicranum polysetum) on pystykasvuinen ja tanakka sammallaji. Kangaskynsisammal kuuluu Dicranaceae -heimoon ja kynsisammalten sukuun.
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Widłoząb kędzierzawy
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons
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Komórki blaszki liściowej
Widłoząb kędzierzawy (Dicranum polysetum Sw.) – gatunek mchu należący do rodziny widłozębowatych (Dicranaceae).
Rozmieszczenie geograficzne
Występuje w Europie, w Himalajach i na Syberii oraz w Ameryce Północnej. W Polsce gatunek pospolity na niżu, w górach rzadziej.
Morfologia
Darnie luźne, żółtozielone, nieco błyszczące. Mech ortotropowy o łodygach długości 6–12 cm, prawie do szczytu okrytych chwytnikami (na dole żółtobrązowymi, u góry jaśniejszymi). Liście odstające od łodygi, lancetowate, długości do 10 mm i szerokości 2 mm, w stanie suchym silnie poprzecznie pomarszczone. W górnej połowie liście ostro, głęboko piłkowane i lekko, sierpowato zgięte. Żebro nie dochodzi do szczytu liścia. Puszka jest silnie zgięta, cylindryczna z podłużnymi bruzdami. Wieczko z długim dzióbkiem, perystom pojedynczy z 16 ząbków podzielonych do połowy. Seta czerwonawa. Sporogony czasem występują po kilka na jednej łodydze. W Polsce sporogony pojawiają się rzadko. Zarodniki zielonawe, słabo brodawkowane.
Nazewnictwo
W polskiej literaturze gatunek ten znany jest także pod nazwami: widłoząb falisty[4] oraz widłoząb wieloszczecinkowy[5].
Ekologia
Żyje na kwaśnym piaszczystym podłożu w widnych borach sosnowych i na skałach.
Ochrona
Gatunek jest objęty w Polsce ochroną częściową od 2004 roku[6]. Status ochronny został utrzymany w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej roślin[7].
Przypisy
-
↑ B. Goffinet, W.R Buck, A.J. Shaw: Classification: mosses (ang.). University of Connecticut, 2008–. [dostęp 2014-12-07].
-
↑ Dicranum polysetum Sw. (ang.). W: The Plant List [on-line]. [dostęp 2014-12-04].
-
↑ Ryszard Ochyra, Jan Żarnowiec, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra: Census catalogue of Polish mosses. Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany, 2003. ISBN 83-85444-84-X.
-
↑ Bruno P. Kremer, Hermann Muhle, Janina Zielińska: Porosty, mchy, paprotniki. Warszawa: "Świat Książki", 1998, s. 138. ISBN 83-7227-061-9.
-
↑ Hanna Wójciak: Porosty, mszaki, paprotniki. Warszawa: Multico, 2003, s. 252. ISBN 83-7073-223-2.
-
↑ Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 lipca 2004 r. w sprawie gatunków dziko występujących roślin objętych ochroną (Dz.U. z 2004 r. nr 168, poz. 1764).
-
↑ Dz.U. z 2014 r. nr 0, poz. 1409 – Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej roślin
Bibliografia
- Bronisław Szafran: Mchy (Musci). T. I. Warszawa: PWN, 1957, s. 177.
- Bruno P Kremer, Hermann Muhle, Janina Zielińska: Porosty, mchy, paprotniki. Warszawa: "Świat Książki", 1998, s. 138. ISBN 83-7227-061-9.
- Hanna Wójciak: Porosty, mszaki, paprotniki. Warszawa: Multico, 2003, s. 252. ISBN 83-7073-223-2.
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Widłoząb kędzierzawy: Brief Summary
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
![src=]()
Wygląd darni
![src=]()
Komórki blaszki liściowej
Widłoząb kędzierzawy (Dicranum polysetum Sw.) – gatunek mchu należący do rodziny widłozębowatych (Dicranaceae).
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Dicranum polysetum
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Dicranum polysetum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được Sw. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1801.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Dicranum polysetum: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Dicranum polysetum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được Sw. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1801.
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ナミシッポゴケ
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
ナミシッポゴケ: Brief Summary
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
ナミシッポゴケ (Dicranum polysetum) は、シッポゴケ目シッポゴケ科に属する蘚類。
Bài viết liên quan đến họ rêu Dicranaceae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
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