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Fig 1: Schematic diagram of Gymnodinium aureolum, in ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right). Notice the sulcal extension on the ventral view, this feature is used to distinguish this species from Karenia mikimotoi. Modified from Hansen et al. (2000)
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Plate 28. Gyrodinium galatheanum. Figs. 1-2. SEM: ventral view. Fig. 1. Cell small, oval to round, with distinct apical groove (AG). Cingulum (C) displaced 3 times its width. Short and narrow sulcus (S) slightly invades epitheca. Fig. 2. Epitheca and hypotheca round. Cingulum wide, houses transverse flagellum (single arrow). Longitudinal flagella present (double arrow). Fig. 3. LM: ventral view. Cingulum deeply excavated (arrows). Nucleus (N) large and central. Fig. 4. Line drawing.
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A heterotrophic dinoflagellate from the Amundsen Sea
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Image of live specimen showing the dinoflagellate nucleus characterized by chromosomes which appear to be always condensed. See a video of the specimen : http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/LOV/aquaparadox/html/VideosPage.php
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Heterotrophic dinoflagellate from the Etang de Thau
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Heterotrophic dinoflagelate from the Etang de Thau
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This probably is Gyrodinium eating Ceratium
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Gyrodinium ate a Polykrikos which had eaten a Ceratium. Specimen from the Etang de Thau.
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Gyrodinium (gyre-o-din-ee-um), a typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. The two ends of the circumferential groove are offset, and this is said to define the genus. This groove contains a flagellum. This is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate Differential interference contrast.
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Gyrodinium (gyre-o-din-ee-um), a typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. The two ends of the circumferential groove are offset, and this is said to define the genus. This image is focussed on the surface of the cell and shows the undulating flagellum within the circumferential groove. This is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate Differential interference contrast.
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Gyrodinium dominans cells are fusiform from the ventral side, circular or slightly flattened in cross-section, length 23 - 26 microns, width 13 - 15 microns. Hypocone moderately longer than epicone. Both have striations, approximately 8 across the ventral faces. Cingulum deep,with a slight overhang. Distal end approximately 2 - 3 cingulum-widths lower than proximal, displaced approximately 0.3 of the cell length. Sulcus widens as it reaches the antapical end. Longitudinal flagellum arises at the anterior end of the sulcus, in a 2 microns pocket just to the left of the junction of the cingulum and sulcus. Apical groove extends from the cingulum to the apex. Nucleus ellipsoidal, 6-8 microns diameter, in the epicone. Chloroplasts absent.
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Cells are spindle shaped and asymmetric. The cingulum is narrow and excavated and displaced by more than one third of the body length. The apex is pointed. The antapical part of the cell is slightly bilobed. Chloroplasts are absent but food vacuoles are somteimes visible.
