Chinese gorals impact vegetation in their native ecosystems through grazing and browsing. They are also preyed on by lynx, leopards, wolves, tigers, and humans. Chinese gorals are also parasitized by Taeniasis tapeworms. These parasitic infections are reported in captive gorals, but may exist in the wild as well.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Chinese gorals are known as long-tailed gorals.
Chinese gorals communicate with one another in times of emergency with wheezing alarm sounds. They will stomp their foot in order to threaten a predator and warn other gorals in the area. During mating season, males attract females with a “zer… zer” or “ze-ze-ze” call. When females approach and are ready to encourage a male, they make a whistling noise. The naso-genital contact required during the mating season is a form of chemical communication.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Chinese gorals are considered vulnerable species because of the estimated 30% decrease in populations in recent years. Chinese goral populations are declining as a result of habitat destruction, poaching by humans for their meat and use in traditional medicine, and competition from agriculture and domestic livestock in the areas they inhabit.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix i
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
There are no known adverse effects of Chinese gorals on humans, although some human populations object to their potential competition with domestic livestock.
Chinese gorals are hunted for meat and parts are used for traditional medicinal uses.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
Chinese gorals are grazers and browsers, eating mostly grasses in the warm months and browsing on lichens and the leaves of evergreens and deciduous trees and shrubs in the winter. When snow is on the ground, they use their muzzles to push snow to uncover grass stems and shrubs. They may also eat fruit and nuts. They typically feed during the morning and late evening.
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; lichens
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )
Naemorhedus caudatus is found in the mountain ranges of eastern and northern Asia, including eastern Russia, northeastern China, and Korea. In Russia, it is found in the southern portions of the Sikhote-Alin and Bureya mountain ranges and along many of the major rivers, such as the Khor, Kafen, Chuken, and Sukpay. In China, it is mainly found in the northeast part of the country, especially the Xiao Hinggan Ling mountains, as well as the Changbaishan range which is close to the border shared with North Korea. In Korea it is thought to be found in the Hamgyong and Taebaek mountains, although distributions there are not well known.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )
Chinese, or long-tailed gorals prefer steep, mountainous habitat and are usually found in rocky terrain with evergreen and deciduous forests. They are also sometimes found on exposed grassy ridges.
Range elevation: 500 to 3,500 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
The average life span is approximately 15 years in the wild. Some captive gorals have lived to more than 17 years. In 1982 18 gorals died in an Indian zoo. Some of the causes for death of these captive gorals were taeniasis parasitic disease, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and hepatitis.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 17 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 15 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 15 to 17 years.
Chinese gorals are small goat relatives, ranging in size from 22 to 32 kg, and standing 55 to 80 cm at the shoulder. They are agile over the rocky crags and cliffs they inhabit. Other distinguishing characteristics include backward-curving, cylindrical, and sharply pointed horns and a brownish gray to bright red coat. There is minimal sexual dimorphism, although males being slightly larger than females.
Range mass: 22 to 32 kg.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
Predators of Chinese gorals include lynx, snow leopards, tigers, and wolves in some areas. Humans are also considered a predator as they hunt and poach them for their fur, meat, and parts that can be used in medicine. They do not flee until predators are almost upon them. When fleeing from a predator they bound uphill and away in irregular patterns consisting of long leaps, acting to confuse the predators.
Known Predators:
There is little information on mating systems in Chinese gorals. Males occupy marked territories of 22 to 25 hectares during the mating season. During rut, male red gorals (Naemorhedus baileyi), a closely related species, follow females closely in order to make naso-genital contact to determine whether the female has come into heat. Females that have not come into estrus will leave the area, while females that are in heat will stand for an approaching male and signal she is in estrus by raising her tail.
Mating System: polygynous
Male rut begins in late September to November and mating takes place in early winter. Estrus length is roughly 20 to 30 hours. Gestation length is roughly 180 days. On average, one kid is produced, but twins can also occur in rare situations. The young remain with their mother for about a year, although the time to weaning is not reported. Sexual maturity of the young is reached in the second to third year of age.
Breeding interval: Chinese gorals breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs in early winter.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 180 days.
Average time to independence: 1 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 to 3 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 to 3 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Specific behaviors pertaining to parental investment in Chinese gorals have not been well documented. Kids are typically born between April and May and stay with their mother for up to a year. During this time females tend to be less aggressive.
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)
Şərq qoralı[1] (Naemorhedus caudatus) — Qoral cinsinə daxil olan keçi cinsi.
Şərq qoralı bozumtul rəngə malikdir. Boğazı parlaq rəngə malikdir. Bel nahiyyəsindən tünd zolaq keçir.
Bu canlılar əsasən Rusiyanın cənub-şərq meşələri (Xabarovsk diyarı və Primorsk diyarı), Çinin şimal-şərqi (Heylunszyan və Qirin), üstəlik Koreya yarımadası[2] ərazisində rast gəlinir[3]
Qorallar əsasən elə də böyük olamayan və sayları 4-6 baş olan qruplarda birləşirlər. Erkəklər yalquzaq olaraq yaşayırlar. Dişilər isə yay ayları balaları ilə birlikdə yaşayır. Qida arxasınca əsasən səhər və gecə saatlarında gedirlər. Əsasən ot, yarpaq və bitkilərin digər hissələri və növləri ilə qidalanır. Erkəklər zoopark şəraitində 17 il 8 ay müddətində yaşayır. Təbiətdə isə 5—6 il erkəklər, 8-10 il dişilər yaşayır.
Uzun məsafəli qaçışa dözümlü deyil. Bununla belə 2-3 metr tullana bilirlər. Qalınlığı 25-30 sm olan qar sahələrində qaçırlar. Qış ayları əsasən şibyə, gölələk, mamır ilə qidalanırlar. Sixote-Alin qoruğunda onlar ümumilikdə 268 növ bitkilərlə qidalanır.
Çütləşmə dövrü sentyabrdan noyabra qədər sürür. Bu zaman erkəklər adəti üzrə savaşırlar. Mayın sonları, iyunun əvvəlləri dişilər 1 və ya 2 bala verirlər. İlk bir ay balalar gizləndiyi yerdən heç yerə getmirlər. Halbuki istəsələr istənilən yerə gedə bilərlər.
Çoxalma potensialları olsa da, ovlananların böyük hissəsi 0,5 — 1,5 ilinə təsadüf edir. Bu idə papiəulyasiyaya mənfi təsir edir. Saylarının azalmasında insan faktoru böyük rol oynayır. Ümumi saylarının 3-18 % arası canavar, yerdə qalan hissələri isə vaşaq, bəbir tərəfinfən ovlanılır.
Dəqiq sayları bilinmir. Rusiyanın şərqində saylarının cəmi 600-750 baş olması ehtimal edilir. Onların 90 % qoruq, yasaqlıq ərazilərində yaşayır.
Nadir qorunan növdür. Beynəlxalq qırmızı kitaba daxil edilmişdir. 1924-cü ildən Rusiya ərazisində ovuna qadağa qoyulmuşdur.
Şərq qoralı (Naemorhedus caudatus) — Qoral cinsinə daxil olan keçi cinsi.
Ar goral hirlostek (Naemorhedus caudatus) zo ur bronneg daskirier hag a vev e reter Azia (Sina, Korea ar Su, Korea an Norzh ha Rusia).
El gòral cuallarg (Naemorhedus caudatus) és una espècie de caprí que viu a les muntanyes de l'est i el nord d'Àsia, incloent-hi Rússia, la Xina i Corea.[1] Existeix una població d'aquesta espècie a la zona desmilitaritzada de Corea, a prop de la via de la línia Donghae Bukbu.[2] L'espècie és classificada com a amenaçada a Corea del Sud, amb una població estimada de menys de 250 exemplars. Se l'ha designat com a monument natural de Corea del Sud no. 217. El 2003, s'informà que l'espècie era present a Arunachal Pradesh, al nord-est de l'Índia.[3]
El gòral cuallarg (Naemorhedus caudatus) és una espècie de caprí que viu a les muntanyes de l'est i el nord d'Àsia, incloent-hi Rússia, la Xina i Corea. Existeix una població d'aquesta espècie a la zona desmilitaritzada de Corea, a prop de la via de la línia Donghae Bukbu. L'espècie és classificada com a amenaçada a Corea del Sud, amb una població estimada de menys de 250 exemplars. Se l'ha designat com a monument natural de Corea del Sud no. 217. El 2003, s'informà que l'espècie era present a Arunachal Pradesh, al nord-est de l'Índia.
Goral východní (Naemorhedus caudatus) je druh divoké horské kozy obývající Východní a Jihovýchodní Asii.
Goral východní je příbuzný kozám a kamzíkům. Je to podsaditý, končetiny a krk jsou kratší, samcům vyrůstá na krku krátká polovzpřímená hříva. Obě pohlaví mají 12-18 cm dlouhé růžky.
Srst má hnědošedou barvu, na hřbetě se však táhne černý úhoří pruh, tmavý je také chvost, naopak směrem ke kopýtkům je srst světlejší. Pesíky jsou dlouhé a hrubé.
Areál gorala východního sahá od jihovýchodní Sibiře a Korejského poloostrova a Číny do Myanmaru, Laosu a Thajska. Obývají nepřístupné zalesněné horské svahy od 1000 do 4000 m n. m. a to včetně Himálaje, v Thajsku žijí v pohoří Tanentaundži.
Samci gorala východního žijí osamoceně, samice s mláďaty tvoří malá stáda o 4-12 kusech. Živí se hlavně listy, plody a větvičkami nízkých dřevin, spásají trávu i byliny a v případě nouze okusuje i mechy a lišejníky. Velmi dobře vidí a spoléhají se na zrak více než jiní kopytníci.
Říje přichází v listopadu a v prosinci. Samci bojují o právo pářit se se samicemi, přetlačují se čely a vydávají samci kašlavé a syčivé zvuky. Březost trvá 6 měsíců, jediné mládě je schopné následovat matku záhy po narození. Pohlavní dospělost přichází ve třech letech, v zajetí se dožívají až 17 let.
Goraly chová v Česku pouze zoologická zahrada Plzeň.
Goral východní (Naemorhedus caudatus) je druh divoké horské kozy obývající Východní a Jihovýchodní Asii.
Der Langschwanzgoral (Naemorhedus caudatus) ist eine Paarhuferart aus der Gruppe der Ziegenartigen (Caprinae). Ehemals wurde er mit dem Chinesischen Goral zu einer Art zusammengefasst.
Langschwanzgorale sind stämmige, ziegenähnliche Tiere. Ihr Fell ist gräulich gefärbt, die Kehle ist heller, am Rücken erstreckt sich ein dunkler Aalstrich. Beide Geschlechter tragen kurze, nach hinten gebogene Hörner.
Diese Tiere leben im südöstlichen Russland (Chabarowsk und Primorje), im nordöstlichen China (Heilongjiang und Jilin) sowie auf der koreanischen Halbinsel. Ihr Lebensraum sind mit Bäumen bestandene Gebirgsländer.
Langschwanzgorale sind wie alle Gorale ausgezeichnete Kletterer. Sie begeben sich vorwiegend am Morgen und am Abend auf Nahrungssuche. Dabei verzehren sie Gräser, Blätter und anderes Pflanzenmaterial. Sie leben in kleinen Gruppen, ältere Männchen sind hingegen einzelgängerisch.
Die Hauptbedrohungen für die Langschwanzgorale stellen die Rodung der Wälder und die Bejagung dar. Besonders prekär ist die Situation in Südkorea, wo nur mehr rund 250 dieser Tiere leben. Es gibt aber auch eine Population in der demilitarisierten Zone zwischen beiden koreanischen Staaten. In einigen Reservaten in Russland, wie dem Sichote-Alin-Naturreservat, laufen Zuchtprogramme in Gehegen. Im Sichote Alin-Reservat leben darüber hinaus etwa 200 wilde Exemplare. Die IUCN listet die Art als gefährdet (vulnerable).
Der Langschwanzgoral (Naemorhedus caudatus) ist eine Paarhuferart aus der Gruppe der Ziegenartigen (Caprinae). Ehemals wurde er mit dem Chinesischen Goral zu einer Art zusammengefasst.
लम्बी-दुम घोरल (Long-tailed goral), जिसका वैज्ञानिक नाम नेमोरहेडस कौडाटस (Naemorhedus caudatus) है, उत्तरी और पूर्वी एशिया में पाया जाने वाली एक घोरल की जीववैज्ञानिक जाति है। यह विशेषकर रूस, चीन और कोरिया में मिलता है। इसकी भारत के अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य में भी उपस्थित होने की सूचना है लेकिन इसकी पुष्टि नहीं हो पाई है।[2] [3][4][1]
लम्बी-दुम घोरल (Long-tailed goral), जिसका वैज्ञानिक नाम नेमोरहेडस कौडाटस (Naemorhedus caudatus) है, उत्तरी और पूर्वी एशिया में पाया जाने वाली एक घोरल की जीववैज्ञानिक जाति है। यह विशेषकर रूस, चीन और कोरिया में मिलता है। इसकी भारत के अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य में भी उपस्थित होने की सूचना है लेकिन इसकी पुष्टि नहीं हो पाई है।
The long-tailed goral or Amur goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is a species of ungulate of the family Bovidae found in the mountains of eastern and northern Asia, including Russia, China, and Korea.[1] A population of this species exists in the Korean Demilitarized Zone, near the tracks of the Donghae Bukbu Line.[4] The species is classified as endangered in South Korea, with an estimated population less than 250. It has been designated South Korean natural monument 217. In 2003, the species was reported as being present in Arunachal Pradesh, in northeast India.[5]
The long-tailed goral (also known as the Chinese gray goral) was and is sparsely found in the wild throughout China, Russia, and Korea, as well as the Himalayas.[6] The main population in the wild today is found in Russia where there is a population of about 600 which is in decline; in other places the populations are below 200.
Many of these animals are kept in zoos throughout the world. (e.g., The Wilds of Ohio, Saint Louis Zoo, Woodlands Park Zoo, Seattle WA, Los Angeles Zoo, Minnesota Zoo)
In the mid- to late 1970’s, into the early 1980’s, a number of goral died in captivity in several zoos in India and Pakistan; for example, the Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park. Their deaths were discovered to be caused by a range of issues, from taeniasis parasitic disease, nematodes, and pneumonia, to gastroenteritis and hepatitis.[7]
The long-tailed goral prefers high elevations with rocky, dry, steep, cliff-ridden mountains.[8] They make their homes near sparsely vegetated cliffs with small crevices where they can hide from danger. These areas are sometimes covered by evergreen and deciduous forests, and gorals are occasionally found feeding on exposed grassy ridges.[6]
The goral is a group-oriented species and lives in herds with two to 12 individuals.[9] The groups consist of females, kids, and younger males; older males tend to be solitary.
The animals tend to stay within a 100-acre range; this can be different for males in rut.[6] Males in rut will travel long distances over rough terrain to find as many females to fertilize as possible.
The long-tailed goral appears very similar to goats. Males can weigh 62-93 lbs and females 49-77 lbs. Lengths can vary anywhere from 32 to 51 inches and shoulder height 20-31 inches.[10] They are even-toed ungulates of the goat-antelope family. The tips of their horns curve back and have distinct rings. There are openings between their hooves. The face of a goral is flat like that of a serow, and the nose and eyes are very close together. It has brown fur with shades of gray; the outer fur is long. The bushy tail is usually dark brown or black in color. Females usually are lighter in shade than that of males; their horns are smaller than males' horns.
Gorals are considered to be browsers because they eat a wide variety of grasses, woody material, and nuts and fruits. In the summer months, they tend to feed on the many grasses that grow on the mountains. Throughout the winter, they browse on woody twigs and leaves of trees and shrubs; they have been known to eat nuts, such as acorns, and a few fruits.[9]
The goral's average lifespan in the wild is 10–15 years, although a captive goral was aged at 17 years.[11] The females will go into a 30- to 40-hour estrus cycle once per year, when they can be fertilized by a male.[11] At the end of a 215-day gestation period, they give birth to one offspring, or very rarely twins.[11] Breeding within the zoo systems has been successful, with the San Diego Zoo especially so.[12]
The long-tailed goral is protected under Appendix I of CITES, and numerous reserves have been set aside, but they are not the main focus of the reserves; however, they are protected when they are on these properties.[13] In China, the long-tailed goral is a Class II species, meaning it is protected. It is poorly enforced because of the animals' uses in traditional medicine.[13] The only conservation effort is bringing these animals into captivity within the zoo system, which should prevent it from going extinct.[12] Poaching of wild gorals is increasing; they are poached for their fur, meat, and horns. They are also poached because some of their parts are used in traditional medicine. Their natural predators are also affecting the population. Their predators include lynx, snow leopards, tigers, and wolves in some regions.
The agriculture business has not been kind to the goral; their habitat is being destroyed rapidly by the slash-and-burn technique — their natural habitats are being farmed and used for livestock. The domestic livestock are grazing off all the grasses, leaving nothing for the native goral to eat. They are losing space in zoos, because they are not a very well known animal. The gorals are being replaced with more popular animals, such as tigers, lions, and bears; this is strictly an economic issue, because better known animals at the zoo attract more guests which therefore increases profits.
Eliminating poaching will be difficult, since the most common reason is sustenance hunting. Increasing ecotourism would bring money to the poachers, so they would not have to further exploit the goral population. Captive populations in zoos are healthy, so reintroduction of this species is possible. The goral has been on the endangered species list for some time, but the species' conservation status has not changed. As long as the population continues to decline, the long-tailed goral's outlook is not a healthy one.
The long-tailed goral or Amur goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is a species of ungulate of the family Bovidae found in the mountains of eastern and northern Asia, including Russia, China, and Korea. A population of this species exists in the Korean Demilitarized Zone, near the tracks of the Donghae Bukbu Line. The species is classified as endangered in South Korea, with an estimated population less than 250. It has been designated South Korean natural monument 217. In 2003, the species was reported as being present in Arunachal Pradesh, in northeast India.
El goral de cola larga (Naemorhedus caudatus) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la subfamilia Caprinae propia del Norte y del Este de Asia, que vive en Rusia, China y Corea.
Son animales diurnos y activos por la mañana y la tarde. El período de gestación dura 250-260 días, tras lo que por lo general nace una sola cría.
El goral de cola larga (Naemorhedus caudatus) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la subfamilia Caprinae propia del Norte y del Este de Asia, que vive en Rusia, China y Corea.
Son animales diurnos y activos por la mañana y la tarde. El período de gestación dura 250-260 días, tras lo que por lo general nace una sola cría.
Naemorhedus caudatus Naemorhedus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Caprinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Naemorhedus caudatus Naemorhedus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Caprinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Goral à longue queue
Le Goral à longue queue (Nemorhaedus caudatus) est un capriné vivant dans les montagnes du nord-est de l'Asie, en Russie, Chine et Corée.
Une population de goral à longue queue vit dans la Zone coréenne démilitarisée[1]. L'espèce est considérée en danger en Corée du Sud, avec une population estimée à moins de 250 individus. Elle a été désignée monument naturel en Corée du Sud (no 217) et du Nord (no 293). Il en reste également dans les montagnes au-dessus de Tanchon mais la population la plus importante se trouve en Russie avec environ 600 individus.
L'espèce vit dans les pentes rocheuses et dans les forêts environnantes, entre 500 et 2 000 m. Elle se nourrit d'éléments végétaux variés : herbes, pousses, feuilles d'arbustes, noix ou même de quelques fruits. Les groupes, typiquement de 4 à 12 individus, occupent des territoires de 40 hectares en moyenne, alors que les mâles marquent des territoires de 22 à 25 hectares à l'époque du rut.
Ils sont diurnes et actifs principalement le matin et le soir.
Les deux sexes atteignent leur maturité sexuelle vers 3 ans. Le rut se produit au début de l'hiver. La gestation dure 250-260 jours (Myslenkov and Voloshina, 1989). Une femelle donne la vie en général à un petit par an.
On ne distingue plus de sous-espèce depuis que Naemorhedus caudatus evansi et Naemorhedus caudatus griseus ont été affectés à l'espèce Nemorhaedus griseus[2].
Goral à longue queue
Le Goral à longue queue (Nemorhaedus caudatus) est un capriné vivant dans les montagnes du nord-est de l'Asie, en Russie, Chine et Corée.
Il goral dalla coda lunga (Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards, 1867) o goral dell'Amur, è un mammifero artiodattilo della sottofamiglia dei Caprini. Fino a poco tempo fa, il goral della Cina (Naemorhedus griseus) era considerato una sua sottospecie.
Il goral dalla coda lunga è un animale dalla corporatura tozza, simile a una capra. È ricoperto da un mantello di colore grigiastro, più chiaro sulla gola; sulla parte posteriore presenta una striscia dorsale più scura. Entrambi i sessi sono muniti di brevi corna, curvate sulla schiena.
Questa specie vive nella Russia sud-orientale (Territorio di Chabarovsk e Territorio del Litorale), nella Cina nord-orientale (Heilongjiang e Jilin) e nella penisola coreana. Il suo habitat è costituito da regioni montuose fiancheggiate da alberi.
Così come tutti i goral, anche quello dalla coda lunga è un eccellente arrampicatore. Va in cerca di cibo soprattutto al mattino e alla sera e si nutre di erbe, foglie e altro materiale vegetale. Vive in piccoli gruppi, ma i maschi più anziani sono per lo più solitari.
Le principali minacce per il goral dalla coda lunga sono la distruzione delle foreste e la caccia. La situazione di questa specie è particolarmente precaria in Corea del Sud, dove ne sono rimasti solo circa 250 esemplari. Fortunatamente, una popolazione ben più numerosa è presente nella zona demilitarizzata tra le due Coree. In alcune aree protette della Russia, come la Riserva Naturale di Sikhote-Alin, esemplari di questa specie vivono all'interno di grandi recinti, dove gli studiosi stanno portando avanti un programma di riproduzione in cattività; oltre a questi, sempre nella stessa riserva, vi sono anche circa 200 capi in libertà. La IUCN inserisce il goral dalla coda lunga tra le specie vulnerabili.
Il goral dalla coda lunga (Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards, 1867) o goral dell'Amur, è un mammifero artiodattilo della sottofamiglia dei Caprini. Fino a poco tempo fa, il goral della Cina (Naemorhedus griseus) era considerato una sua sottospecie.
Ilgauodegis goralas (lot. Naemorhedus caudatus, angl. Long-tailed goral) – dykaraginių (Bovidae) šeimos žinduolis, priklausantis ožkų (Caprinae) pošeimiui.
Gyvena rytų ir šiaurės Azijos kalnuose, Rusijos, Kinijos ir Korėjos teritorijose.[1] Pietų Korėjoje rūšis yra paskelbta nykstančia, kadangi šalyje išlikę mažiau negu 250 individų. 2003 m. ilgauodegių goralų buvo pastebėta Arunačal Pradešo regione, šiaurės Indijoje.[2]
Ilgauodegis goralas yra labai panašus į ožką. Patinai sveria 28-42 kg, patelės – 22-34 kg. Kūno ilgis svyruoja nuo 81 cm iki 130 cm, pečių aukštis – 50-78 cm.[3] Snukis – plokščias, nosys ir akys yra arti vienas kitų. Kailį rudas su pilkos spalvos atspalviais. Patelių ragai mažesni už patinų.
Ilgauodegis goralas (lot. Naemorhedus caudatus, angl. Long-tailed goral) – dykaraginių (Bovidae) šeimos žinduolis, priklausantis ožkų (Caprinae) pošeimiui.
Gyvena rytų ir šiaurės Azijos kalnuose, Rusijos, Kinijos ir Korėjos teritorijose. Pietų Korėjoje rūšis yra paskelbta nykstančia, kadangi šalyje išlikę mažiau negu 250 individų. 2003 m. ilgauodegių goralų buvo pastebėta Arunačal Pradešo regione, šiaurės Indijoje.
Langstaartgoral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Milne-Edwards in 1867.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Goral długoogonowy[2], goral długoogoniasty, goral chiński (Naemorhedus caudatus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny wołowatych, występujący w Rosji (na południowo-wschodniej Syberii), Korei, Mongolii i północnej części Chin. Zamieszkuje skaliste i trawiaste tereny w pobliżu lasów.
Odżywia się trawami, gałązkami krzewów i porostami.
Wymiary:
Sierść o ubarwieniu od szarego do ciemnobrunatnego,
Goral długoogonowy, goral długoogoniasty, goral chiński (Naemorhedus caudatus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny wołowatych, występujący w Rosji (na południowo-wschodniej Syberii), Korei, Mongolii i północnej części Chin. Zamieszkuje skaliste i trawiaste tereny w pobliżu lasów.
Odżywia się trawami, gałązkami krzewów i porostami.
Wymiary:
długość głowy i tułowia: 95-130 cm wysokość w kłębie: 55-75 cm masa ciała: 25–35 kgSierść o ubarwieniu od szarego do ciemnobrunatnego,
Långsvansad goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus) är ett getdjur som förekommer i östra Asien.
Arten påminner om en liten get med tjock päls. Den når en mankhöjd av 55 till 80 cm och en vikt mellan 22 och 32 kg. De korta hornen förekommer hos båda kön och är bakåt böjda. Pälsens färg varierar mellan grå och brun.[2] Kroppslängden (huvud och bål) ligger mellan 80 och 120 cm och därtill kommer en 7 till 20 cm lång svans. Svansens färg är mörkare än övriga kroppen eller helt svart. På ryggens mitt finns en längsgående mörk strimma.[3]
Denna goral lever i nordöstra Kina (provinser Heilongjiang och Jilin), östligast Ryssland (Primorje kraj) och på Koreahalvön. Habitatet utgörs främst av klippiga stäpper på bergstrakter. Den vistas även i städsegröna skogar men hittas där främst vid större gläntor. Regionen ligger 500 till 2 000 meter över havet.[1]
Djuret är växtätare och livnär sig bland annat av gräs, örter, blad, nötter och vissa frukter.[1]
Individerna är aktiva på dagen och bildar flockar med 4 till 12 medlemmar. Gruppen har ett territorium som är ungefär 40 hektar stort. De letar vanligen på morgonen och kvällen efter föda men vid mulet väder kan de vara aktiva mitt på dagen. Äldre hannar lever oftast ensam i ett cirka 25 hektar stort revir.[1] Arten har flera olika läten för kommunikationen. De kan också trampa med foten på marken för att varna andra flockmedlemmar.[2]
Parningen sker under den tidiga vintern (september till november) och efter 250 till 260 dagars dräktighet föder honan vanligen ett ungdjur. Tvillingar eller trillingar förekommer sällan. Ungarna blir ungefär efter tre år könsmogna. Livslängden i naturen är cirka 15 år.[1] Individer i djurparker levde upp till 17 år. Beroende på region har arten olika naturliga fiender som lodjur, varg, sibirisk tiger och snöleopard.[2]
Detta getdjur jagas för köttets skull och vissa kroppsdelar används i den traditionella asiatiska medicinen. I Ryssland och på Koreahalvön är jakten förbjuden men där förekommer tjuvjakt. Andra hot är habitatets omvandling till jordbruksmark och konkurrensen med boskapsdjur. IUCN uppskattar att beståndet minskade med 30% under de senaste 21 åren (tre generationer) och listar arten som sårbar (VU).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Naemorhedus caudatus.
Цей вид живе у східній частині Росії (Приморський і Хабаровський краї), північно-східному Китаї, Кореї та КНДР. Мешкає в крутих гірських районах, іноді використовує вічнозелені ліси поблизу скель, але в першу чергу залишається на міцній, кам'янистій місцевості, особливо з відкритими трав'янистими хребтів від 500-2000 м над рівнем моря.
Горали ведуть денний спосіб життя, і найбільш активні рано вранці та пізно ввечері, але можуть бути активними протягом дня в похмурі дні. Харчується широкий спектром рослинної сировини: трави, пагони, листя невеликих дерев, горіхи і навіть деякі фрукти.
Вони зазвичай живуть у невеликих групах по 4-12 осіб, самці старшого віку зазвичай поодинокі. Тривалість вагітності становить 250-260 днів. Самці і самиці досягають статевої зрілості приблизно в три роки, з тривалістю життя до 15 років або близько того. Парування відбувається на початку зими, один або два-три дитинча народжується.
Sơn dương đuôi dài[3] hay còn gọi là Ban linh đuôi dài (danh pháp hai phần: Naemorhedus caudatus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Milne-Edwards mô tả năm 1867.[2] Trong tiếng Anh, loài này có tên thường gọi Long-tailed goral.
Những loài goral (thuộc chi Naemorhedus) có tên gọi theo tiếng Trung Quốc là 斑羚, phiên âm Hán Việt là ban linh.
Phương tiện liên quan tới Naemorhedus caudatus tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Sơn dương đuôi dài hay còn gọi là Ban linh đuôi dài (danh pháp hai phần: Naemorhedus caudatus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Milne-Edwards mô tả năm 1867. Trong tiếng Anh, loài này có tên thường gọi Long-tailed goral.
Những loài goral (thuộc chi Naemorhedus) có tên gọi theo tiếng Trung Quốc là 斑羚, phiên âm Hán Việt là ban linh.
Брачный период с конца сентября до начала ноября. Во время гона самцы иногда дерутся между собой. В конце мая — начале июня самки рожают одного, реже двух козлят. В течение первого месяца козлята больше лежат в укрытиях, хотя могут передвигаться, не отставая от взрослых.
Плодовитость горалов достаточно высока, однако отход животных в возрасте 0,5 — 1,5 года достигает в среднем 36 %. Наиболее важной причиной сокращения численности горалов послужило истребление их человеком и изменение мест их обитания. Основным естественным врагов горала являются волки (уничтожают от 3 до 18 %), рыси и леопарды. На козлят охотятся харзы и орланы.
Точные данные о численности отсутствуют. В 1977 г. на Дальнем Востоке СССР обитало ориентировочно всего 600—750 горалов, из них 90 % — в заповедниках и заказниках (Лазовском и Сихотэ-Алиньском).
Редкий охраняемый вид, занесён в международную Красную Книгу как исчезающий вид I категории. В России запрет на охоту и отлов введены в 1924 году.
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Брачный период с конца сентября до начала ноября. Во время гона самцы иногда дерутся между собой. В конце мая — начале июня самки рожают одного, реже двух козлят. В течение первого месяца козлята больше лежат в укрытиях, хотя могут передвигаться, не отставая от взрослых.
中華斑羚（Naemorhedus caudatus），又名華北山羚或西伯利亞斑羚，是分佈在亞洲東部及北部山區的髭羚屬，包括俄羅斯、中國及韓國。其中一群棲息在近東海北部線的韓國非軍事區。[2]牠們在韓國被列為瀕危物種，估計數量少於250頭。於2003年，有指牠們在藏南地区出沒。[3]
ワシントン条約附属書I 分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 哺乳綱 Mammalia 目 : ウシ目 Artiodactyla 亜目 : ウシ亜目 Ruminantia 科 : ウシ科 Bovidae 亜科 : ヤギ亜科 Caprinae 属 : ゴーラル属 Naemorhedus 種 : オナガゴーラル N. caudatus 学名 Naemorhedus caudatusオナガゴーラル（Naemorhedus caudatus）は、ウシ科に属する偶蹄類。別名チョウセンカモシカ[1][2]。
大韓民国、中華人民共和国北東部、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国、ロシア南東部[1][2][a 2]
体長90-130センチメートル[1][2]。尾長11-20センチメートル[2]。肩高60-80センチメートル[2]。体重30-48キログラム[2]。尾が長く、伸長した体毛の先端が踵に達する[1]。種小名caudatusは「尾の」の意。背面の正中線上の体毛が伸長し、特に頸部と肩部では顕著で鬣状になる[1][2]。全身の毛衣は灰褐色や黄褐色で、後頭部から尾基部にかけて正中線上に沿って黒褐色の縦縞が入る[1][2]。鼻面の毛衣は暗褐色や黒で、喉の毛衣は白い[1]。四肢の毛衣は灰褐色や暗灰褐色で、明瞭な暗色斑が入らない[1]。尾背面の毛衣は灰褐色や黄褐色、黒で、尾腹面は白い[1][2]。尾先端に房状に伸長する体毛は白い個体もいる[1][2]。
山地にある森林に生息する[1][2]。小規模な群れを形成し生活する[2]。
繁殖形態は胎生。秋季に交尾し、妊娠期間は6-8か月[2]。1回に1-2頭の幼獣を産む[2]。生後3年で性成熟する[2]。
生息地では食用とされたり毛皮が利用され、内臓が薬用になると信じられている[2]。
開発による生息地の破壊、食用や薬用、毛皮用の乱獲などにより生息数が減少している[2]。
この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:生き物と自然／プロジェクト:生物）。
산양(山羊, 영어: long-tailed goral, 학명: Naemorhedus caudatus)은 소과 양족에 속하는 우제류(偶蹄類[3])의 일종이다. 러시아를 비롯한 중국, 한국 등을 포함하는 아시아 동부하고 북부 지역의 산악 지대에 서식한다.[1]
산양은 몸의 길이가 115~130 cm, 꼬리길이 11~15 c어두운 색이다. 주둥이로부터 뒷머리에 이르는 부분은 검은색을 띠고 옆머리는 회황색에 검은색이 섞여 있으며, 입술 외의 다른 부분은 희고 뺨은 검은색이다. 목에는 흰색의 큰 반점이 있다. 몸 뒤에는 짧은 갈기가 있으며 검은색을 띤다. 절벽과 위를 잘 걸어다니기 위하여 다리가 굵고 발끝이 뾰쪽하게 만들어졌다. 산에서 활동하기 용이하도록 발굽이 발달해 있다.
산양은 1,000m 이상의 침엽수림을 좋아하며, 바위·절벽 끝·산맥의 공터에서 항상 볼 수 있다. 거의 이동하지 않고 한 곳에 머물러 산다. 추위에 강하나 폭설이 내리면 다소 낮은 산림지대로 내려온다. 대개 햇빛이 잘 비치는 남향, 다른 동물이 접근하기 어려운 험준한 바위나 동굴 등에 2-5마리씩 무리를 지어 산다. 울음소리는 염소와 유사하나 부상당하거나 위험이 닥치면 찢어지는 듯한 소리를 낸다. 보금자리는 사람이 드나들 수 없는 바위 구멍에 만든다. 먹이는 식물성으로 바위이끼·잡초·진달래·철쭉 등의 잎을 먹으며, 되새김질을 한다. 교미기는 10-11월경이며, 일반적으로 약 210일간의 임신 기간을 거쳐 1마리의 새끼를 출산한다. 먹이가 부족할 때는 가끔 밭 주위까지 내려와 먹이를 구하기도 한다.[4]
낮에는 동굴이나 키가 작은 나무가 우거진 풀덤불에 숨어 쉰다. 새벽과 저녁에 주로 활동하고, 산양마다 영역이 있어서 주로 자기 영역 안에서 활동한다. 천적에게 쫓길 때를 제외하고 자기 영역을 잘 벗어나지 않는다. 가끔 영역 밖으로 나가기도 하지만 곧 되돌아온다. 시각, 청각, 후각이 발달해서 자기 영역을 정확하게 찾아온다.[4]
산양은 2~5마리씩 모여 무리지어 산다. 어미가 새끼와 함께 살며 새끼는 첫 번식기 무렵 이미 무리를 떠나 새로운 무리를 이루어 떠난다. 수컷은 짝짓기를 할 때가 되면 무리에 들어오지만 번식기가 아닐 떼에는 무리에 들어오지 않고 혼자 살거나 수컷끼리 모여 지낸다.[4]
산양은 초식성 동물로 독이 있는 풀을 빼고 온갖 풀을 좋아한다. 또한 바위이끼, 꽃잎, 나무 열매와 나뭇잎도 즐겨 먹는다. 이른 봄에 나는 새순에 영양이 풍부하므로 새싹을 더 좋아한다. 먹이가 부족한 겨울에는 주로 마른 풀잎과 나뭇잎을 먹는다.
현재 멸종 위기에 놓여 있어 보호의 대상이다. 한국·중국 동북부 등지에 분포한다. 일본열도에 서식하는 일본산양과 전혀 다른 종류이다.
산양은 38도선 이북에서는 평안남·북도, 함경남·북도, 황해남·북도, 자강도와 양강도, 강원도 (북)의 높은 산지대와 이남 지역에서는 강원도 (남)와 경상북도, 충청북도의 높은 산지대에 걸쳐 서식하였으며 경북 울진 일대가 산양의 서식 남방 한계선 지역이다. 그러다 1960년대 강원도에서 폭설이 내려와 산양 6,000여 마리가 민가로 내려오다가 사람들에게 포획되었다. 그리고 서식 환경이 나빠져서 현재 멸종위기에 처해있다. 남한에서는 천연기념물 217호 및 환경부 지정 멸종위기 야생생물 1급으로 보호받아 지금은 밀도가 조금 회복되어 1000여 마리가 생존해 있다. 하지만 예전(남한)개체에 비해 많이 줄어든 것은 사실상 마찬가지다.(예전에 태백산맥에 15,000마리가 서식하였다.) 북조선에서도 수가 줄어들어 천연기념물로 지정되어 있다. 특이한 것은 북조선의 경우 지역마다 산양 서식지를 천연기념물로 지정하고 있다는 것이다.
